Self-incompatibility (S) locus region of the mutated S6-haplotype of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) contains a functional pollen S allele and a non-functional pistil S allele

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb.] as one of the oldest domesticated plants is thought to have originated in central Asia. Gametophytic self-incompatibility of almond is controlled by the highly polymorphic S-locus. The S-locus encodes for an S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) protein in the pistils, which degrades RNA in self-pollen tubes and hence stops their growing. This study was carried out to detect S-RNase allelic variants in Hungarian and Eastern European almond cultivars and Turkish wild growing seedlings, and characterize their S-allele pool. Five new alleles were identifi ed, S31H, S36-S39 in Eastern European local cultivars. The village Bademli and Akdamar island are two distinct places of almond natural occurrence in Turkey. Trees growing wild around Bademli city showed greater genetic diversity than those originated on Akdamar island. Many of the previously described 45 S-RNase alleles have been also detected in these regions. Homology searches revealed that Turkish almonds carried some P. webbii alleles indicating hybridization between the two cultivars and massive introgression events. Our results supply long-awaited information on almond S-allele diversity from regions between the main cultivation centres and the centre of origin of this species; and are discussed from the aspect of methodological developments and evolution of the cultivated almond.

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Self-(in)compatibility in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). A minireview

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/12/2/643 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Hegedűs

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Competitive Interaction ◽

Prunus Cerasus ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Limited Information ◽

Genomic Arrangement ◽

Near Future ◽

Allotetraploid Species

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an allotetraploid species derived from hybridisation of the diploid sweet cherry (P avium L.) and the tetraploid ground cherry (P. fruticosa Pall.). Although numerous self-incompatible cultivars exist, the most sour cherry cultivars are self-compatible, which might be due to their tetraploid nature. This review is dedicated to show the limited information on the genetics of self-incompatibility in sour cherry accumulated during the last five years. Two different hypotheses (genomic arrangement of the alleles or the accumulation of non-functional S-haplotypes) are discussed. Heteroallelic sour cherry pollen was shown to be self-incompatible, which is counter to the Solanaceae where heteroallelic pollen frequently self-compatible due to a kind of competitive interaction between the two different alleles. This review highlights some inconsistencies in the hope that clarification will be achieved in the near future.

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ALLELIC POLYMORPHISM OF THE SELFINCOMPATIBILITY GENE IN CHERRY VARIETIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/4/26-28 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

Е. V. Bezlepkina ◽

А. А. Gulyaeva ◽

А. V. Pikunova

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Protein S ◽

Allelic Polymorphism ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Allele Polymorphism ◽

Multiple Allele ◽

S Gene ◽

S Alleles ◽

Self Fertilization ◽

S Allele

Self-incompatibility is one of the most important mechanisms used by flowering plants to prevent self-fertilization and, consequently, to provide the genetic diversity of population. The self-incompatibility in Prunus is controlled by two genes as minimum: S (self-incompatibility) and SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box protein). S gene is represented in the population by a multiple allele series. Compatibility in pollination is dependent on the S allele combination of the cultivars. When S allele in the pollen is identical with one of the S alleles of the mother plant fertilization is arrested. Thus, both self-fertilization and fertilization by pollen of closely related plants (having identical S alleles) are prevented. This mechanism may be interrupted in the case of mutations in the S or SFB gene, which leads to the appearance of self-compatibility cultivars, and polyploidization, such as in sour cherry. The investigation of the S gene allele polymorphism of sweet cherry cultivars of VNIISPK breeding was performed as a part of the study of the gene collection of stone crops. Both consensus (PaConsI, PaConsII) and allele-specific (S1, S5, S9, S10) primers were used. The S-genotype of cultivars Adelina (S3/S5), Poezia (S3/S5), Siana (S3/S6), Orlovskaia feia (S3/S5) and Trosnianskaia (S5/S6) were established. The S-genotype of cultivars Malish, Podarok Orlu, Orlovskaia rozovaia and Orlovskaia yantarnaia was determined partially, as these cultivars have unique previously undescribed or very rare S alleles. Podarok Orlu variety has S9 allele and undescribed one. Malish and Orlovskaia yantarnaia varieties have S6 allele and S17 or S30 alleles supposedly, for these alleles specific primers have not yet been developed. Orlovskaya rozovaia has S6 allele and undescribed previously one.

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A Molecular Description of Mutations Affecting the Pollen Component of the Nicotiana alata S locus

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/152.3.1123 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 152 (3) ◽

pp. 1123-1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J F Golz ◽

V Su ◽

A E Clarke ◽

E Newbigin

Keyword(s):

Extra Chromosome ◽

Nicotiana Alata ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Cytological Examination ◽

Mutagenesis Screen ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Additional Chromosome ◽

S Allele ◽

Molecular Description

Abstract Mutations affecting the self-incompatibility response of Nicotiana alata were generated by irradiation. Mutants in the M1 generation were selected on the basis of pollen tube growth through an otherwise incompatible pistil. Twelve of the 18 M1 plants obtained from the mutagenesis screen were self-compatible. Eleven self-compatible plants had mutations affecting only the pollen function of the S locus (pollen-part mutants). The remaining self-compatible plant had a mutation affecting only the style function of the S locus (style-part mutant). Cytological examination of the pollen-part mutant plants revealed that 8 had an extra chromosome (2n + 1) and 3 did not. The pollen-part mutation in 7 M1 plants was followed in a series of crosses. DNA blot analysis using probes for S-RNase genes (encoding the style function of the S locus) indicated that the pollen-part mutation was associated with an extra S allele in 4 M1 plants. In 3 of these plants, the extra S allele was located on the additional chromosome. There was no evidence of an extra S allele in the 3 remaining M1 plants. The breakdown of self-incompatibility in plants with an extra S allele is discussed with reference to current models of the molecular basis of self-incompatibility.

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Latent S alleles are widespread in cultivated self-compatible Brassica napus

Genome ◽

10.1139/g03-120 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 257-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

U U Ekuere ◽

I A.P Parkin ◽

C Bowman ◽

D Marshall ◽

D J Lydiate

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

A Genome ◽

C Genome ◽

S Alleles ◽

Crop Types ◽

S Allele

The genetic control of self-incompatibility in Brassica napus was investigated using crosses between resynthesized lines of B. napus and cultivars of oilseed rape. These crosses introduced eight C-genome S alleles from Brassica oleracea (S16, S22, S23, S25, S29, S35, S60, and S63) and one A-genome S allele from Brassica rapa (SRM29) into winter oilseed rape. The inheritance of S alleles was monitored using genetic markers and S phenotypes were determined in the F1, F2, first backcross (B1), and testcross (T1) generations. Two different F1 hybrids were used to develop populations of doubled haploid lines that were subjected to genetic mapping and scored for S phenotype. These investigations identified a latent S allele in at least two oilseed rape cultivars and indicated that the S phenotype of these latent alleles was masked by a suppressor system common to oilseed rape. These latent S alleles may be widespread in oilseed rape varieties and are possibly associated with the highly conserved C-genome S locus of these crop types. Segregation for S phenotype in subpopulations uniform for S genotype suggests the existence of suppressor loci that influenced the expression of the S phenotype. These suppressor loci were not linked to the S loci and possessed suppressing alleles in oilseed rape and non-suppressing alleles in the diploid parents of resynthesized B. napus lines.Key words: self-incompatibility, B. oleracea, B. rapa, S locus, suppression.

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PERICLINAL CHIMERAS COMPOSED OF LYCOPERSICON PERUVIANUM AND L. ESCULENTUM DEMONSTRATE THAT S-LOCUS ASSOCIATED PROTEINS AND SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY CAN BE UNCOUPLED

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.2.193b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 193b-193

Author(s):

Bindu Chawla ◽

Robert Bernatzki ◽

Michael Marcotrigiano

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Lycopersicon Peruvianum ◽

S Locus ◽

Rna Analysis ◽

Sds Page ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

Periclinal Chimeras ◽

S Allele ◽

L1 And L2

Lycopersicon peruvianum is a wild species of tomato that exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (S), wherein the SI response is controlled by the genotype of the pollen. Cultivated tomato (L. esculentum) is a self-compatible species. Assisted by phenotypic markers, periclinal graft chimeras between these two species have been obtained. Fruit set analysis following breeding demonstrated that the available five chimeras (PPE, PEE, PEP, EPP, and EEP) are able to accept pollen from L. peruvianum, suggesting that there is a failure of the SI response. SI response is known to be dependent on S-locus associated proteins. These proteins are present in the style, which is mainly derived from the L1 and L2 layers of meristem. RNA analysis of the style tissue using a cloned S-locus cDNA as a probe showed that, except for EEP, all chimeras expressed the S-allele. This was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis of stylar proteins that were present in variable amounts depending on the periclinal combination. Thus, the breakdown of SI is not associated with the lack of expression of the S-locus. Further work is being conducted to understand the nature of this breakdown.

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Molecular S-genotyping of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/245/2017-hortsci ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 146-152

Author(s):

Josef Patzak ◽

Alena Henychová ◽

František Paprštein ◽

Jiří Sedlák

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Allele Specific ◽

S Allele ◽

Specific Pcr Primer

Sweet cherries are self-incompatible, which is determined by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system (GSI). The self-incompatibility is controlled by a multi-allelic S-locus. Knowledge about the S-allele constitution of the cultivars is essential for fruit growers and breeders. Recently, molecular PCR-based methods have been developed to distinguish all S-alleles in sweet cherries. In our work, we analysed S-locus genotypes by 13 universal and allele-specific PCR primer combinations within 117 registered, old and local sweet cherry cultivars from the Czech genetic resources of the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy, the Czech Republic. We confirmed the previous S-genotyping for 66 accessions except for Drogans Gelbe, Hedelfinger, Erika, Meckenheimer Frühe, Badeborner, Bing, Alfa, Gamma, Huldra, Rivan, Valerij Tschkalov, Viola and Winkler’s Frühe. It could be due to either mislabelling or mistakes in the previous analyses. Newly, S-genotyping was determined for 51 accessions in which we found 4 new S-loci combinations. We detected the S-locus combinations in 19 incompatibility groups. The most frequent incompatibility groups were III (S3S4), II (S1S3), IV (S2S3), and VI (S3S6) with 22, 20, 12 and 12 genotypes, respectively.

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Segregation Distortion of T-DNA Markers Linked to the Self-Incompatibility (S) Locus in Petunia hybrida

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/154.3.1323 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 1323-1333

Author(s):

Robin M Harbord ◽

Carolyn A Napoli ◽

Timothy P Robbins

Keyword(s):

Segregation Distortion ◽

Petunia Hybrida ◽

Selectable Marker ◽

The Self ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Differential Transmission ◽

S Allele ◽

Maize Transposable Element ◽

General Method

Abstract In plants with a gametophytic self-incompatibility system the specificity of the pollen is determined by the haploid genotype at the self-incompatibility (S) locus. In certain crosses this can lead to the exclusion of half the gametes from the male parent carrying a particular S-allele. This leads to pronounced segregation distortion for any genetic markers that are linked to the S-locus. We have used this approach to identify T-DNA insertions carrying a maize transposable element that are linked to the S-locus of Petunia hybrida. A total of 83 T-DNA insertions were tested for segregation distortion of the selectable marker used during transformation with Agrobacterium. Segregation distortion was observed for 12 T-DNA insertions and at least 8 of these were shown to be in the same linkage group by intercrossing. This indicates that differential transmission of a single locus (S) is probably responsible for all of these examples of T-DNA segregation distortion. The identification of selectable markers in coupling with a functional S-allele will allow the preselection of recombination events around the S-locus in petunia. Our approach provides a general method for identifying transgenes that are linked to gametophytic self-incompatibility loci and provides an opportunity for transposon tagging of the petunia S-locus.

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Genotyping Hungarian apricot cultivars for self-(in)compatibility by isoelectric focusing and PCR analysis

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/11/1/561 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Pedryc ◽

J. Halász ◽

R. Hermán ◽

A. Hegedűs

Keyword(s):

Isoelectric Focusing ◽

Genetic System ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Prunus Species ◽

First Intron ◽

S Alleles ◽

S Allele ◽

Consensus Primers

Self-incompatibility (SI) in flowering plants is a widespread genetic system that promotes out-crossing. In Prunus species the SI is a gametophytic trait, which is controlled by a single multiallelic locus, termed S-locus. S-alleles codify stylar glycoproteins with ribonuclease activity (S-RNases). Our objective was to assess the S-genotype of some Hungarian apricot varieties by isoelectric focusing of stylar RNases as well as by PCR analysis using cherry consensus primers. Consensus primers amplified one or two bands of various sizes. Primers amplifying the 1st intron gained fragments the size of which ranged from 250 to 500 bp; while those amplifying the 2nd intron resulted in fragments of 800-2000 by length. Our data demonstrated that the first intron of the apricot S-RNase gene is shorter than the second one, which coincides with the structure of cherry S-RNase alleles. `Hargrand' (S1S2) and `Harcoe (S1S4) possessed one common S-RNase isoenzyme. Hungarian 'Orias' apricot cultivars showed different bands compared to the previous cultivars, but they shared completely identical patterns confirming that they possess the same S-genotype. 'Bergeron', `Harmat' and 'Korai zamatos' are characterised by an evidently distinct S-RNase pattern. The self-compatible cultivar (`Bergeron') had one allele, which suggests its correspondence to the Sc. Primers for the 2nd intron was unsuccessful in gaining fragments, which indicates that the 2nd intron in the Sc allele is too long to get any amplification. On the basis of our data, identities and differences were revealed in the S-allele constitution of some economically important Hungarian apricot cultivars at protein and DNA levels.

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Utilization of the S-locus as a Genetic Marker in Cherry to Differentiate Among Different Pollen Donors

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.6.1542 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1542-1546

Author(s):

Audrey M. Sebolt ◽

Amy F. Iezzoni

Keyword(s):

Genetic Marker ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Pollen Sources ◽

Pollen Mixture ◽

Compatible Pollen ◽

Incompatibility Locus

Fruit set in sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) is frequently less than adequate for profitable production despite the availability of compatible pollen and abundant flowers. When fruit set consistently falls below acceptable levels, growers may attempt to increase fruit set by increasing the availability of compatible pollen. We describe the use of the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) as a genetic marker to quantify the relative contributions of competing pollen sources in achieving fruit set in ‘Balaton™’ sour cherry. Pollen race experiments were conducted to determine if nonself-pollen provided in a pollen mixture was more competitive than self-pollen in achieving fruit set in ‘Balaton™’. We further investigated what pollen set the ‘Balaton™’ crop in two commercial ‘Balaton™’ orchards where multiple potential pollinators were planted in adjacent orchards. S-allele genotyping using DNA extracted from the seed was done to discriminate among the competing pollen sources. The results suggest that in certain environmental conditions, nonself-pollen may be more competitive in achieving fruit set in ‘Balaton™’ than self-pollen. These examples illustrate how seed genotyping can be used to further our understanding of the competitive abilities of different pollen sources in both controlled experiments and production orchards.

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