scholarly journals Genetic variation in transpiration efficiency and relationships between whole plant and leaf gas exchange measurements inSaccharumspp. and related germplasm

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Jackson ◽  
Jaya Basnayake ◽  
Geoff Inman-Bamber ◽  
Prakash Lakshmanan ◽  
Sijesh Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Whole Plant

Whole-plant transpiration efficiency of Sultana grapevine grown under saline conditions is increased through the use of a Cl - -excluding rootstock

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Gibberd ◽  
Rob R. Walker ◽  
Anthony G. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ion Partitioning ◽  
Whole Plant

The aim of this study was to test the influence of salinity (1, 20, 40 and 80 mol m–3) on the transpiration efficiency (W = biomass / water transpired), lamina gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana) grown on own roots or grafted to a Cl–-excluding rootstock (Ramsey; Vitis champini�L.). Growth of own-rooted and Ramsey-rooted vines irrigated with a salinity of 40 mol m–3 was reduced by 55 and 12%, respectively, compared with vines irrigated with 1 mol m–3. At 1 mol m–3 W of Ramsey-rooted vines was 1.3-fold higher than own-rooted vines (3.9 and 3.0 g L–1, respectively). Salinity resulted in a decrease in W of own-rooted vines (31% reduction at both 40 and 80 mol m–3). In contrast, W of Ramsey-rooted vines increased by up to 1.25-fold under saline conditions. Consequently, at 80 mol m–3 W of Ramsey-rooted vines was 2-fold higher than own-rooted vines. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the potential of a rootstock to increase W of a crop species under saline conditions. The rootstock-dependent differences in grapevine W under saline conditions were not determined by differences in lamina gas exchange. Differences in W associated with rootstock may be attributed to differences in ion uptake and the energy requirements associated with ion partitioning and the formation of compatible solutes.

scholarly journals Mulching of Ornamental Trees: Effects on Growth and Physiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferrini ◽  
Alessio Fini ◽  
Piero Frangi ◽  
Gabriele Amoroso
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Ornamental Trees

Two organic mulching materials applied to newly planted Tilia × europaea and Aesculus × carnea trees were evaluated for effects on tree growth and physiology. Both mulches were efficient in maintaining a cleared area around newly planted trees, although pine bark was more durable than coarse compost from mixed green material. Trees mulched with compost generally had greater height, trunk diameter, and current-year shoot growth. Differences were more evident in the first year in Aesculus and in the second year in Tilia. Mulching with compost increased carbon assimilation of linden leaves in 2005 when compared with pine bark and chemical weeding. Both mulching materials increased transpiration of horsechestnut in 2005. Little effect on gas exchange was found in 2006 in both species. However, because mulched trees were larger with longer shoots, whole plant leaf gas exchange was probably greater. Mulching had very limited effects on chlorophyll fluorescence. Results of this project have shown that mulching materials applied around trees after planting can positively affect tree growth without significantly affecting tree physiology.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CARBON GAIN IN ALSTROEMERIA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 649e-649
Author(s):  
E.D. Leonardos ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski ◽  
T.J. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Whole Plant

Leaf and whole plant gas exchange (net photosynthesis Pn, dark respiration Dr, transpiration Tr, and resistance R) of `Jacqueline' Alstroemeria, grown in pots inside a greenhouse, were measured under lab conditions using an openflow and a semi-closed system respectively. Temperature responses of apical fully expanded leaves, on flowering and non-flowering shoots, showed an optimum range for net photosynthesis (Pn) from 15 to 20 °C. Above 25 °C Pn dropped considerably as temperature increased. Leaf transpiration rates over the same range of temperature showed a similar decrease, indicating that low leaf Pn rates at higher temperatures were due in part to increased stomatal resistance. Whole plant photosynthetic response to temperature was similar to that of leaf gas exchange. The optimum temperature range for whole plant Pn was from 12 to 17 °C. These results show that moderately low temperatures are essential for carbon assimilation and efficient water use in Alstroemeria. Temperature interactions with other environmental factors will also be presented in models describing Pn rates as a function of irradiance, CO2 concentration, and temperature.

scholarly journals Influence of Spring and Fall Drought Stresses on Growth and Gas Exchange during Stress and Posttransplant of Container-grown Magnoli ×soulangiana `Jane'

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thomas Fernandez ◽  
Robert E. Schutzki ◽  
Kelly J. Prevete
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Plant

Responses of Magnolia ×soulangiana (Soul.-Bod.) `Jane' (`Jane' saucer magnolia) to consecutive short term pretransplant drought stresses and recovery after transplanting were evaluated beginning October 1997 and June 1998. Plants were subjected to one (mild) or two (moderate) 3-day drought stress periods or a two 3-day and one 4-day (severe) drought stress period, each separated by two rewatering periods over 24 hours. One day after each stress period, plants were transplanted into the field and well watered to monitor recovery from stress. Plant response was determined by measuring whole-plant CO2 assimilation, leaf gas exchange (CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance) and canopy growth throughout stress and recovery periods. Whole-plant and leaf CO2 assimilation were lower for the stressed treatments for most of the measurements taken during stress in the fall and spring. After release from stress and transplanting, leaf CO2 assimilation returned to control levels for mild and moderate fall stresses within 2 to 3 d by the next measurement, while it was over 3 weeks until recovery from the severe stress. There was no difference in leaf gas exchange following release from stress and transplanting during the spring stress. More rapid defoliation occurred for the severe fall-stressed plants compared to the controls after release from stress in the fall. Flower number was reduced in spring for the fall-stressed plants. At termination of the experiment, the growth index was lower for severe fall-stressed plants but there were no differences for other fall stress treatments. There was no increase in growth for control or stressed plants for the spring experiment.

scholarly journals Root deformation affects mineral nutrition but not leaf gas exchange and growth of Genipa americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Santos ◽  
A. C. Dalmolin ◽  
A. C. Schilling ◽  
M. S. Santos ◽  
B. Schaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Root Deformation ◽  
K Concentration

Abstract Root deformation (RD) caused by errors in the pricking out process are irreversible and very difficult to detect in container-grown seedlings at the time of planting in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of RD on leaf gas exchange, growth, biomass allocation and mineral nutrition of G. americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding. Four-months-old seedlings, with and without RD, were flooded for 42 days and their recovery was evaluated 28 days after soil drainage. There were no significant interactions between RD and soil flooding for all leaf gas exchange, growth and mineral nutrition after soil drainage, with the exception of leaf P concentrations. In plants with no RD, the P concentration in leaves of non-flooded plants was significantly higher than that of plants with RD. Soil flooding and RD did not influence leaf or root N concentrations or whole-plant N content. RD increased the K concentration in the roots, but not in the leaves. Changes in the nutrient concentrations in leaves and roots indicate that RD may affect physiological performance of seedlings after planting in the field.

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