Art.5 General Implementation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey-Maslen Stuart ◽  
Clapham Andrew ◽  
Giacca Gilles ◽  
Parker Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
United Nations ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Party ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
National Control

This chapter discusses Article 5 of the ATT. Article 5 sets out the obligation to implement the ATT at the national level, in particular by establishing and maintaining a national control system for the transfer of conventional arms and integral parts and components and for ammunition/munitions. It should be noted that this is the only provision that obliges states parties to set up national mechanisms to regulate conventional arms transfers, as opposed to transfers of parts and components and ammunition/munitions. In addition, Article 5 offers detail on the scope of the treaty outlined in Article 2(1) by requiring each state party to regulate battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, large-calibre artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, and missiles and missile launchers in accordance with the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) and small arms and light weapons, as defined under the 2005 International Tracing Instrument.

Failures at the National Level: The Diffusion of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Philippines

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Charmaine Misalucha
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Previous Conference ◽  
Light Weapons

This article argues that the Philippines' small arms control measures have failed. This failure is seen in two ways. First, statements issued by the Philippines in the 2007 United Nations (UN) Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in AI/ Its Aspects and the follow-up 2003 Biennial Meeting of States on the Implementation of the Program of Action of the previous conference are partly inconsistent with the national laws instituted in the country. Another way of looking at the failure of the Philippines in controlling the diffusion of small arms in its territory is through the conflict in Mindanao. The national mechanisms currently in place are insufficient to address this problem because the influx of weapons continues, further intensifying the conflict.

Poma Poma v. Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 317-331
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
State Party ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Article 5

317Human rights — Tribunals — United Nations Human Rights Committee — Minority rights — Indigenous peoples — Members of indigenous community constituting a minority — Author member of ethnic minority — Right to enjoy own culture — Indigenous peoples — Indigenous community land in the Andes in Peru — State project to divert water from Andes to provide water for city of Tacna — Community land in the Andes — Degradation of author’s land — Death of livestock — State activities — Whether substantially compromising or interfering with culturally significant economic activities of a minority — Right of minority to participate in decision-making process — Proportionality — Right to effective remedy — Admissibility of author’s complaint — Article 5(2)(a) of Optional Protocol to International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Whether same matter being examined under another international procedure — Whether referral to Commission on Human Rights constituting another international procedure within meaning of Article 5(2)(a) — Whether State Party violating its obligations under Articles 27 and 2(3)(a) of CovenantEnvironment — Alleged damage to ecosystem — Indigenous community land — Degradation of author’s land due to water diversion operations — Indigenous peoples — Rights of minorities — Right to enjoy own culture — Traditional customs — Whether State Party violating its obligations under Article 27 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966Damages — Reparation — Reparation commensurate to harm sustained — Obligation on State to provide authors of complaint with effective remedy — Article 2(3)(a) of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — United Nations Human Rights Committee

Review Conference of the 1980 Weapons Convention

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (307) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Nikolay Khlestov
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
State Party ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Set Up

The United Nations General Assembly welcomed, in its resolution 48/79 of 16 December 1993, the request made to the organization's Secretary-General by a State party to the 1980 Weapons Convention (France) to convene a conference to review, in accordance with Article 8(3), the provisions of that Convention. In paragraph 6 of the same resolution, the General Assembly encouraged the States party to ask the Secretary-General to set up a group of government experts to prepare such a conference. The States did so and the group of experts that was subsequently brought together held three meetings in 1994 and one in 1995. Pursuant to a decision by the group, the Review Conference is to be held in Vienna from 25 September to 13 October 1995.

Art.2 Scope

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey-Maslen Stuart ◽  
Clapham Andrew ◽  
Giacca Gilles ◽  
Parker Sarah
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Exhaustive List ◽  
Light Weapons

This chapter discusses Article 2 of the ATT. The article delineates the scope of the ATT, identifying the categories of conventional arms and types of activities that are formally subject to its provisions while specifying certain acts excluded from the treaty’s purview. Paragraph 1 describes the categories of arms to which the provisions of the treaty apply. It is not an exhaustive list, however, as Articles 3 and 4 identify two other categories—ammunition/munitions and parts and components—that are subject to some of the treaty’s provisions. The arms covered in sub-paragraphs (a) to (g) of paragraph 1 (i.e. battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, large-calibre artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles and missile launchers) were derived from the seven categories used in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) while an eighth category, small arms and light weapons, was added to the list in the ATT.

Art.3 Ammunition/Munitions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey-Maslen Stuart ◽  
Clapham Andrew ◽  
Giacca Gilles ◽  
Parker Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
National Control

This chapter examines Article 3 of the ATT. The article sets out the central obligations with respect to all ammunition/munitions that are fired, launched, or delivered by the conventional arms falling within the scope of the ATT. The provision requires states parties to set up and maintain a national control system to regulate export of these items and to apply the provisions of Article 6 (Prohibitions) and Article 7 (Export and Export Assessment) to all such exports. Article 3 makes it clear that the obligation to take measures to regulate the export of ammunition/munitions only applies to such items as can be ‘fired, launched or delivered’ by the conventional arms covered under Article 2(1). Thus, it must be noted that the undertaking does not apply to ammunition/munitions associated with other conventional arms not covered by the treaty.

Use of a Catecholamine Sensor in the Control of an Artificial Heart System

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mabuchi ◽  
T. Chinzei ◽  
Y. Abe ◽  
K. Imanishi ◽  
T. Isoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Artificial Heart ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Mock Circulatory System ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Artificial Hearts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Catecholamine Concentration

An electrochemical sensor system to allow real-time measurement and feedback of catecholamine concentrations was developed for use in the control of artificial hearts. Electrochemical analyses were carried out using a carbon fiber working electrode, an Ag-AgCI reference electrode, and a potentiostat. The operating parameters of the pneumatically-driven artificial heart system were altered in accordance with the algorithm for changes in the catecholamine concentration. The minimum detectable concentrations of both adrenaline and noradrenaline in a mock circulatory system using a phosphate-buffered solution were approximately 1-2 ng/ml (10-8 mol/L). An artificial heart control system utilizing this set-up performed satisfactorily without delay, although sensor sensitivity decreased when placed in goat plasma instead of a phosphate-buffered solution, due to the adsorption of various substances such as plasma proteins onto the electrodes. This study demonstrated the future feasibility of a feedback control system for artificial hearts using catecholamine concentrations.

We Are All Environmentalists! Framing Life in the National Green Tribunal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 0169796X2110012
Author(s):  
Sudha Vasan
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Power Project

India has set up one of the first national-level legal bodies, the National Green Tribunal (NGT), dedicated exclusively to address cases under environmental laws. My research follows a case filed in the NGT by an indigenous community against a hydel power project in the western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, examining how diverse and opposing parties in this case represent themselves as environmentalists. It reveals a narrative sphere where entirely opposite actions and actors are legitimated in and through the NGT in environmental terms. This article suggests that green courts provoke green narratives and examines how diverse actors respond and engage with this demand. Individuals are interpellated in this juridical field to understand and present themselves as environmentalists. Environment is a meta-narrative in this juridical field, constituting environmentalist subjectivity of all actors within this field by the very process of hailing them.

Simulation Analysis of Electro-Pneumatic Proportional Fuzzy-PID Control System Based on AMESim/Simulink

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 2568-2572
Author(s):  
Si Yuan Wang ◽  
Guang Sheng Ren ◽  
Pan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Pid ◽  
Fuzzy Pid Control ◽  
Proportional Control ◽  
Fuzzy Pid Controller ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Set Up

The test rig for hydro-pneumatic converter used in straddle type monorail vehicles was researched, and its electro-pneumatic proportional control system was set up and simulated based on AMESim/Simulink. Compared fuzzy-PID (Proportion Integral Derivative) controller with PID controller through fuzzy logic tool box in Simulink, the results indicate that, this electro-pneumatic proportional control system can meet design requirements better, and fuzzy-PID controller has higher accuracy and stability than PID controller.

Research on the Character of a Synchronous Control System with Wireless Data Communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Jun Li Liu ◽  
Yan Yan Yan ◽  
G.Q. He
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Synchronous Control ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
Set Up

It discusses the reasons of the data transmission time delay and packets loss based on the theory of net data transmission. Aimed to the question of the time delay of data transmission and packets loss, the control system models are set up to analyze their influence to the performance of the control system. Based on the synchronous control model analysis with wireless data transmission, a method to control the system is reached with the state prediction when the communication error or data loss appears. It can control constantly when communication errors appear, and also it can get the most error period by numerical analysis.

Situation-Oriented Designation of the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction by Non-Member States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hadi Zakerhossein
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Rome Statute ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
State Party ◽  
Member States ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
Article 5

Abstract Rule 44 of the icc Rules of Procedure and Evidence stipulates that non-state parties to the Rome Statute may accept the jurisdiction of the Court with respect to the crimes referred to in Article 5 of relevance to the situation by lodging a declaration under Article 12(3) of the Statute. The ending phrase of this provision gives rise to the speculation that a non-member state has a power to accept the Court’s jurisdiction in a partial way, namely over a specific situation. To examine this feasibility, the present article will: (i) explain the functions of the Article 12(3) mechanism; (ii) discuss the possibility of making a situational acceptance; and (iii) contemplate the meaning of the concept of situation. This article suggests that a non-state party can exclusively accept the Court’s jurisdiction over a specific situation, and that is a concrete crisis within a territory.

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