Part II The Treaty-Makers, 8 NGOs in International Treaty-Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raustiala Kal
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Questions

This chapter surveys the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in treatymaking. It asks four key questions about the relationship between NGOs and treatymaking. First, what roles do NGOs play today in treaty processes, and how have these roles changed? Second, what explains the increased prominence of NGOs? Third, are NGOs a salutary addition to treatymaking or illegitimate special interests? And finally, Fourth, what is the broader significance of NGO activity for international law and international order? NGOs are clearly important players in treatymaking today. But their roles remain, to a large degree, circumscribed and controlled by States. At the most fundamental level, the presence of NGOs in contemporary treatymaking and implementation is a sign of the expansion of the domain of treatymaking.

The relationship between empowering leadership and volunteers' service capability: intention to share knowledge as mediator

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-235
Author(s):  
Evangelia Siachou ◽  
Panagiotis Gkorezis ◽  
Faith Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Service Capability ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between empowering leadership and volunteers' service capability in the context of nongovernmental organizations. In doing so, the mediating role of intention to share knowledge was highlighted.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from volunteers from two non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in Greece through a web-survey tool. To test our hypotheses, we used bootstrapping analysis.FindingsOur study provides support for the positive effect of empowering leadership (EL) on volunteers' service capability. In addition, we highlighted volunteers' intention to share their knowledge as an underlying mechanism that explains the above relationship.Originality/valueThe present study highlights the important role of EL in increasing service capability in the context of NGOs. Even more, the mediating role of intention to share knowledge provided new knowledge into why EL affects employees' extra-role behavior and more specifically, service capability.

scholarly journals An Introduction: International Law as Instrument

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ingber ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Rahim Moloo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Fact Finding

Discussions of international law often focus on questions of constraint and prohibition. This year's Annual Meeting considered the role of international law as an instrument. Actors on the international stage use a variety of tools to address their concerns, from climate change to economic development; from humanitarian crises to cross-border disputes; from commercial regulation to global trade. Governments and international organizations employ diplomacy and coercion, corporations use negotiation and persuasion, and non-governmental organizations engage in fact-finding and advocacy. And all of these actors affect and are affected by international law and use the international legal system to effectuate change and solve problems.

Ch.1 Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrdoljak Ana Filipa ◽  
Francioni Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Instruments

This chapter provides an introductory overview to the Handbook. It outlines the definition of cultural heritage as covered by the key international instruments covering movable and immovable, tangible and intangible heritage. It outlines the role of key stakeholders including States, the international community, individuals, groups and communities (including Indigenous peoples), and experts and non-governmental organizations. Finally, the structure of the Handbook is explained. It outlines that there are special rules covering cultural heritage in most specialist areas of international law. It signposts how practice relating to cultural heritage is influencing the development of the rules of general public international law. Likewise, it notes that cultural heritage is influencing disputes resolution processes, integral to the interpretation and implementation of these rules. Finally, the role of regional practice in Africa, Asia, Oceania, the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa is flagged.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Local and International Organizations and Community Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Manal Farouk Sayed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Services ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

Although there are numerous definitions and theories of the concept of development, many developing countries continue to suffer from problems associated with lack of development and environmental degradation. It seems that states in developing countries are not effectively facing the increasing requirements for development. In response, institutions and organizations of civil society stepped-up to promote the realization of social development and self-reliance among the citizens. In consequence, the past twenty years witnessed the birth of many national and international non-governmental organizations which started to deliver social services to the population. However, and with reference to Egypt, conflicting opinions questioning the relationship between these organizations and the development of civil society have started to emerge. This paper attempts to investigate first the role of these societies in the development of civil society and review the controversy over this role. The attempt will also touch upon and evaluate several studies which relate to the role of these organizations in the development of civil society in Egypt.  

scholarly journals The Impact of NGO Activism

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Andreas G. F. Hoepner ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Expertise

Consumer groups, employee forums, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are also increasingly being recognized as powerful influences over corporate activities and Chapter 18 describes the work of NGOs in aligning corporate with social and environmental purposes. Historically, the relationship between corporations and NGOs has been antagonistic. However, increasingly corporations and NGOs are working in partnership to achieve common goals. The role of NGOs in influencing corporate activities is not restricted to such partnerships. They have been adopting activist campaigns to achieve desired outcomes in a form that is not dissimilar to those of institutional investors. These campaigns have often been seen by companies to be shareholder-value destroying but this is by no means always the case and NGO campaigns can be mutually beneficial for firms as well as society. NGOs can bring knowledge of a local community or a technical and legal expertise nature that firms may lack. They execute projects in common with companies, set agendas for various constituencies, exchange complementary knowledge in diverse areas, and provide access to networks.

scholarly journals The International Community’s Fight Against Doping in Sport: UNESCO’s Role and Place

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
A. O. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Doping In Sports ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
Public Monitoring

The article is devoted to the problem of doping in the sport of high achievements (“big sport”). The author notes the leading role of UNESCO in the fight against this evil as an international intergovernmental organization, endowed with appropriate powers by the UN General Assembly. He believes that various non-governmental organizations (WADA, IOC, etc.) should play a supporting role, which will avoid potentially very dangerous situations for international law, when nongovernmental organizations assume the authority to condemn or accuse sovereign States of non-compliance with certain requirements or to attribute to them the implementation of certain policies. Emphasizing the importance for Russian sport to be at the forefront of the fight against doping in sports, the author focuses on the need to quickly overcome the doping crisis faced by Russian sport in recent years. In this context, he proposes to establish strict public monitoring of the processes taking place in the “big sport” of Russia.

New Responses to the Legitimacy Crisis of International Institutions: The Role of ‘Civil Society’ and the Rise of the Principle of Participation of ‘The Most Affected’ in International Institutional Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen von Bernstorff
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis

Abstract The article offers a description and assessment of the most important discursive strategies used to enhance and justify various models of ‘civil-society participation’ in international institutions since the late 19th century. It starts from the assumption that the two main rationales for, or concepts of, ‘civil-society’ participation are functionalism and democratization. The article also notes that, as an offshoot of the democratization rationale, a new empirical and discursive 21st-century trend has partially replaced classic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with so-called ‘affected person’s organizations’ in international institutions. In this context, the article claims that the field of international institutional law is currently witnessing the rise of a principle of participation of ‘the most affected’. This shift arguably is an institutional strategy to respond to a profound legitimacy crisis of both international NGOs and the so-called ‘global governance’ structures shaped over the last 30 years. Against the backdrop of various theoretical approaches to the problem of representation and affectedness in political philosophy and international law, the article critically assesses if, and to what extent, the involvement of ‘the most affected’ in international organizations can alter the legitimacy resources of international law and its institutions.

31. Human rights

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transnational Politics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the multilateral, bilateral, and transnational politics of human rights in contemporary international society. It considers why internationally-recognized human rights are implemented largely through national action. It also explores whether human rights should be enforced through greater regional and international judicial action, or whether international armed force should be used; what the global human rights regime tells us about the relationship between moral interests and national interests; bilateral foreign policy as a principal mechanism of international action on behalf of human rights; and the role of non-commercial non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the international politics of human rights. Two case studies are presented, one dealing with international responses to the Tiananmen massacre and the other with the Syrian civil war. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether the international community has, and should strive, to acquire a responsibility to protect people from human rights violations.

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