The Integration of New Technological Approaches in OCD Care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Feuerstein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Software Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Support Treatment

This chapter explores topics related to how technology is impacting care for patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and providing new resources for their caregivers. It explores what has occurred and is occurring today in clinical environments with the introduction of new technologies. It goes on to describe current research into how to leverage newer technologies, and discusses what we might expect in a few years. Technology can mean many things, including new medications, novel pharmaceutical approaches such as immunotherapeutics, genetic testing to support treatment selection, and potential new diagnostic tools such as fMRI. The emphasis here is on software technology; other areas of clinically relevant technological advances are covered elsewhere in this text.

scholarly journals How New Technologies Can Improve Prediction, Assessment, and Intervention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e-OCD): Review

10.2196/11643 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e11643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ferreri ◽  
Alexis Bourla ◽  
Charles-Siegfried Peretti ◽  
Tomoyuki Segawa ◽  
Nemat Jaafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Impact

Background New technologies are set to profoundly change the way we understand and manage psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Developments in imaging and biomarkers, along with medical informatics, may well allow for better assessments and interventions in the future. Recent advances in the concept of digital phenotype, which involves using computerized measurement tools to capture the characteristics of a given psychiatric disorder, is one paradigmatic example. Objective The impact of new technologies on health professionals’ practice in OCD care remains to be determined. Recent developments could disrupt not just their clinical practices, but also their beliefs, ethics, and representations, even going so far as to question their professional culture. This study aimed to conduct an extensive review of new technologies in OCD. Methods We conducted the review by looking for titles in the PubMed database up to December 2017 that contained the following terms: [Obsessive] AND [Smartphone] OR [phone] OR [Internet] OR [Device] OR [Wearable] OR [Mobile] OR [Machine learning] OR [Artificial] OR [Biofeedback] OR [Neurofeedback] OR [Momentary] OR [Computerized] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [virtual reality] OR [Tele] OR [video]. Results We analyzed 364 articles, of which 62 were included. Our review was divided into 3 parts: prediction, assessment (including diagnosis, screening, and monitoring), and intervention. Conclusions The review showed that the place of connected objects, machine learning, and remote monitoring has yet to be defined in OCD. Smartphone assessment apps and the Web Screening Questionnaire demonstrated good sensitivity and adequate specificity for detecting OCD symptoms when compared with a full-length structured clinical interview. The ecological momentary assessment procedure may also represent a worthy addition to the current suite of assessment tools. In the field of intervention, CBT supported by smartphone, internet, or computer may not be more effective than that delivered by a qualified practitioner, but it is easy to use, well accepted by patients, reproducible, and cost-effective. Finally, new technologies are enabling the development of new therapies, including biofeedback and virtual reality, which focus on the learning of coping skills. For them to be used, these tools must be properly explained and tailored to individual physician and patient profiles.

scholarly journals Ψηφιακή Αφήγηση και η Εφαρμογή της σε Άτομα με Ιδεοψυχαναγκαστική Διαταραχή; Digital Storytelling and Its Application to People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1A) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Μεταξία-Μαρία Δημητρίου Αργυροπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Impact

Η ψηφιακή αφήγηση αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο προσωπικής έκφρασης μέσω της δημιουργίας και του διαμοιρασμού ιστοριών που αφορούν σε προσωπικές εμπειρίες και βιώματα ανθρώπων οι οποίες δυνητικά μπορούν να εξυπηρετήσουν διάφορους σκοπούς (Μελιάδου et al., 2013).Τα τελευταία χρόνια η ψηφιακή αφήγηση έχει αρχίσει να εφαρμόζεται στο χώρο της ψυχικής υγείας (De Vecchi et al., 2017; Cohen et al., 2015) δίνοντας στους πάσχοντες τη δυνατότητα να εκφραστούν ελεύθερα αναφορικά με την κατάσταση τους γεγονός που σύμφωνα με τους Gubrium et. al. (2014) την καθιστά ως ένα πολύτιμο εργαλείο στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη.Η παρούσα εισήγηση βασίζεται στην ομώνυμη διπλωματική εργασία που δημοσιεύτηκε τον Απρίλιο του 2019 από τη συγγραφέα υπό την επίβλεψη του κ. Μιχάλη Μεϊμάρη, Ομότιμου Καθηγητή Νέων Τεχνολογιών και Μ.Μ.Ε. στην Επικοινωνία και την Εκπαίδευση του Τμήματος Επικοινωνίας και Μέσων Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Aφορούσε στη διεξαγωγή ενός σεμιναρίου σε πάσχοντες από Ιδεοψυχαναγκαστική Διαταραχή με σκοπό να διερευνηθεί η επίδραση της ψηφιακής αφήγησης σε αυτούς και να εξεταστεί το ενδεχόμενο της δυνητικής ενσωμάτωσης της στα πλαίσια της διαδικασίας της ψυχοθεραπείας. Ταυτοχρόνως, μέσω της παρουσίασης εργαλείων επεξεργασίας βίντεο για τις ανάγκες του σεμιναρίου, εξετάστηκε η βελτίωση του ψηφιακού γραμματισμού των συμμετεχόντων.Τα αποτελέσματα τα οποία προέκυψαν μετά το πέρας της ποιοτικής έρευνας η οποία διεξήχθη ήταν θετικά καθώς η όλη διαδικασία βοήθησε τόσο στην ανάπτυξη της ενσυναίσθησης μεταξύ των συμμετεχόντων μέσω της εξωτερίκευσης των συναισθημάτων τους όσο και στη βελτίωση του ψηφιακού γραμματισμού τους.Η ψηφιακή αφήγηση, με βάση τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν από το σεμινάριο καθώς και από τις προτάσεις των συμμετεχόντων, θα μπορούσε ενδεχομένως να ενσωματωθεί στα πλαίσια ομαδικής ψυχοθεραπείας παίζοντας έναν βοηθητικό/συμπληρωματικό ρόλο σε αυτήν. Digital storytelling is a powerful means of expression due to the fact that it permits the creation and publication of people’s stories concerning personal experiences. As a result, it can potentially serve a variety of purposes (Meliadou et al. 2014).Recently, digital storytelling has begun to be implemented in the field of the mental health sector (De Vecchi et al., 2017; Cohen et al., 2015) enabling sufferers to express themselves freely regarding their condition which according to Gubrium et. al. (2014) makes it a valuable tool in healthcare.The present paper is based on the author's thesis, which was published in April 2019, under the supervision of Professor Emeritus of New Technologies in Media, Communication and Education of the Department of Communication and Media Studies of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michael Meimaris. It concerned the conduction of a seminar for people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder in order to explore the impact of digital storytelling on them as well as its potential integration in the process of psychotherapy. Furthermore, through the presentation of video editing tools during the seminar it was examined the development of their digital literacy.The results obtained after the completion of the qualitative research were positive as the whole process contributed to the externalisation of the particpant’s emotions and consequently to the development of empathy among them while their digital literacy has also been improved.Digital storytelling could potentially be integrated into group psychotherapy by playing an auxiliary / complementary role to it according to the results of the seminar as well as the suggestions of the participants.

scholarly journals Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Interactome Profile Analysis: A Perspective From Molecular Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Mona Zamanian-Azodi ◽  
◽  
Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani ◽  
Majid Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Molecular Origin

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the complex neuropsychiatric conditions. This disorder disables individuals in many different aspects of their personal and social life. Interactome analysis may provide a better understanding of this disorder’s molecular origin and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, the OCD-associated genes were extracted from the literature. The criterion for gene selection was to choose genes with at least one significant report. Furthermore, by applying Cytoscape and its plugins, protein-protein interaction network, and gene ontology of the 31 candidate genes related to OCD from genetic association studies is examined. The cross-validation method was used for network centrality assessment. Results: A scale-free network, including 1940 nodes and 3269 edges for 31 genes, was constructed. According to the network centrality evaluation, ESR1, TNFα, DRD2, DRD4, HTR1B, HTR2A, and CDH2 showed the highest values and can be considered hub-bottlenecks elements. It is also confirmed by the number of 123 cross-validation tests that the frequency of these essential genes remains unaltered against the initial seed genes’ changes with the accuracy of 0.962. Besides, enrichment analysis identified four highlighted biological processes related to the 31 candidate genes. The top biological processes are determined as dopamine transport, learning, memory, and monoamine transport. Conclusion: Among 31 initial genes, 7 were introduced as crucial elements for onset and development in OCD and can be suggested for further investigations. Furthermore, the complex molecular origin of OCD requires high-throughput screening for diagnosis and treatment goals. The findings are a possible valuable source to establish molecular-based diagnostic tools for OCD.

scholarly journals How New Technologies Can Improve Prediction, Assessment, and Intervention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e-OCD): Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ferreri ◽  
Alexis Bourla ◽  
Charles-Siegfried Peretti ◽  
Tomoyuki Segawa ◽  
Nemat Jaafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND New technologies are set to profoundly change the way we understand and manage psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Developments in imaging and biomarkers, along with medical informatics, may well allow for better assessments and interventions in the future. Recent advances in the concept of digital phenotype, which involves using computerized measurement tools to capture the characteristics of a given psychiatric disorder, is one paradigmatic example. OBJECTIVE The impact of new technologies on health professionals’ practice in OCD care remains to be determined. Recent developments could disrupt not just their clinical practices, but also their beliefs, ethics, and representations, even going so far as to question their professional culture. This study aimed to conduct an extensive review of new technologies in OCD. METHODS We conducted the review by looking for titles in the PubMed database up to December 2017 that contained the following terms: [Obsessive] AND [Smartphone] OR [phone] OR [Internet] OR [Device] OR [Wearable] OR [Mobile] OR [Machine learning] OR [Artificial] OR [Biofeedback] OR [Neurofeedback] OR [Momentary] OR [Computerized] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [virtual reality] OR [Tele] OR [video]. RESULTS We analyzed 364 articles, of which 62 were included. Our review was divided into 3 parts: prediction, assessment (including diagnosis, screening, and monitoring), and intervention. CONCLUSIONS The review showed that the place of connected objects, machine learning, and remote monitoring has yet to be defined in OCD. Smartphone assessment apps and the Web Screening Questionnaire demonstrated good sensitivity and adequate specificity for detecting OCD symptoms when compared with a full-length structured clinical interview. The ecological momentary assessment procedure may also represent a worthy addition to the current suite of assessment tools. In the field of intervention, CBT supported by smartphone, internet, or computer may not be more effective than that delivered by a qualified practitioner, but it is easy to use, well accepted by patients, reproducible, and cost-effective. Finally, new technologies are enabling the development of new therapies, including biofeedback and virtual reality, which focus on the learning of coping skills. For them to be used, these tools must be properly explained and tailored to individual physician and patient profiles.

scholarly journals How can preclinical mouse models be used to gain insight into prefrontal cortex dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281878389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Manning ◽  
Susanne E. Ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that is characterised by perseverative thoughts and behaviours. Cognitive and affective disturbances play a central role in this illness, and it is therefore not surprising that clinical neuroimaging studies have demonstrated widespread alterations in prefrontal cortex functioning in patients. Preclinical mouse experimental systems provide the opportunity to gain mechanistic insight into the neurobiological changes underlying prefrontal cortex dysfunction through new technologies that allow measurement and manipulation of activity in discrete neural populations in awake, behaving mice. However, recent preclinical research has focused on striatal dysfunction, and has therefore provided relatively little insight regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder–relevant behaviours. Here, we will discuss a number of translational prefrontal cortex–dependent paradigms, including obsessive-compulsive disorder–relevant tasks that produce compulsive responding, and how they can be leveraged in this context. Drawing on recent examples that have led to mechanistic insight about specific genes, cell types and circuits that mediate prefrontal cortex contributions to distinct aspects of cognition, we will provide a framework for applying similar strategies to identify neural mechanisms underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder–relevant behavioural domains. We propose that research using clinically relevant paradigms will accelerate translation of findings from preclinical mouse models, thus supporting the development of novel therapeutics targeted to specific pathophysiological mechanisms.

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