HIV Psychiatry

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Shane S. Spicer

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Improve Treatment ◽

Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Public Health Strategies

Years after effective medications have been available for HIV infection, the stigma of this illness persists and presents a barrier to prevention, testing, and treatment. The treatment of HIV among people with mental illnesses is additionally challenging due to neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV and drug interactions that may occur between antiretroviral and psychotropic medications. This chapter uses a case example to illustrate the range of psychosocial and clinical issues experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS and those at high risk of HIV infection. The chapter also provides an overview of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis. In addition, the chapter suggests approaches for improving individual clinical care and provides recommendations for organizational and public health strategies to improve treatment and outcomes in this population.

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Features of choosing the tactics and method of treatment of external joint frequencies of long external bones in people living with HIV

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-65-72 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

N. G. Doronin ◽

S. N. Khoroshkov ◽

S. L. Maksimov

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Long Bones ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Improve Treatment ◽

Articular Fractures ◽

And Migration ◽

Living With Hiv

Objective. Develop an algorithm for determining tactics and parameters of their treatment to improve treatment outcomes. Methodology. Material and research methods. A statistical analysis of the treatment results of 90 HIV-infected patients aged from 23 to 54 years with extra-articular fractures of long bones of the extremities was carried out. When determining the tactics and method of treatment, the peculiarities of the effect of HIV infection, antiretroviral drugs, and opportunistic diseases on the patient’s body were not taken into account. Results. Non-infectious complications are characteristic of HIV-infected patients: sides of the postoperative wound (seromas, hematomas, discrepancy of wound edges, delayed crushing), aseptic loosening and migration of fixatives, delayed consolidation of fractures. The presence of a statistically significant relationship between the objective factors characterizing the course of HIV infection: the stage of the disease, the number of CD lymphocytes, the ratio of CD4 / CD8 lymphocytes, viral load and the risk of postoperative complications was revealed.Conclusion. The application of the developed algorithm allows you to objectify the procedure and provide an individual approach in determining the tactics and method of treatment for HIV-infected patients with extraarticular fractures of long bones of the extremities

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Knowledge of PEP and PrEP among people living with HIV/aids in Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52570/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa ◽

Henrique Ciabotti Elias ◽

Nilo Martinez Fernandes ◽

Elucir Gir ◽

Renata Karina Reis

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Sexual Partners ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) are key to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, whose sexual partners are at high risk of acquiring HIV. We aimed to determine the factors associated with PrEP and PEP's knowledge as secondary prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS.Method: Cross-sectional analytical study carried out among people living with HIV/AIDS treated at five specialized services in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from July 2016 to July 2017. Individual interviews were conducted. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with knowing PrEP and PEP. Results: Of the 397 participants, 140 (35.26%) were heterosexual women aged 40 to 49 years (36.2%).Participants with less than 11 years of study (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.60); who did not have a low viral load or did not know their viral load (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.83) and those with casual partners (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09- 0.83) were less likely to know about the PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.59-5.3) and those who used alcohol during sexual intercourse (adjusted odds: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-2.8) were more likely to know about the PEP.Conclusions: The knowledge about PEP and PrEP is low in Brazil. This may undermine secondary prevention efforts. Educational interventions to raise awareness of these prevention methods are needed among people living with HIV and who have HIV-negative sexual partners.

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Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection

10.1093/med/9780190924775.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

John G. Bartlett ◽

Robert R. Redfield ◽

Paul A. Pham

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Nurse Practitioners ◽

Medical Management ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Physician Assistants ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Research ◽

Reference Format ◽

Living With Hiv

With more than 30 million people living with HIV, nearly 2 million new HIV infections, and 1 million deaths in 2017 globally, the HIV epidemic continues to exert a considerable deleterious impact on the health of individuals, communities, and the economic growth of nations. However, remarkable advances have also been achieved: improvements in our scientific understanding of the biology of HIV, how it causes disease, and its prevention and treatment, coupled with unprecedented multi-sectoral global efforts, have resulted in rendering HIV infection essentially a manageable chronic disease. The 17th edition of Bartlett’s Medical Management of HIV Infection offers the best-available clinical guidance for treatment of patients with HIV, all in a portable, quick-reference format. Edited by preeminent and pioneering authorities in HIV research and clinical care, it has earned its status as the definitive work for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and anyone working in the care of persons with HIV.

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Knowledge and uptake of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis amongst nurses caring for people living with HIV

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v39i1.1593 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lufuno Makhado ◽

Mashudu Davhana-Maselesele

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Health Sector ◽

Limpopo Province ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Needle Sticks ◽

Living With Hiv

Background: Nurses caring for people living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by needle sticks, cuts, getting body fluids in their eyes or mouth and skin when bruised or affected by dermatitis.Objectives: To determine knowledge, insight and uptake of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (OPEP) amongst nurses caring for PLWH.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used in this study. Stratified random sampling was used to sample 240 nurses. The study was conducted in a regional hospital in Limpopo province. Both parametric and non-parametric statistics were employed to analyse data.Results: A total of 233 nurses participated in the study. Sixty per cent (n = 138) of all nurses had a situation at work when they thought that they were infected by HIV and 100 (43%) nurses had experienced the situation once or more in the past 12 month. Approximately 40% did not know what PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is, and 22% did not know or were not sure if it was available in the hospital. Only few participants (n = 68, 29%) had sought PEP and most (n = 37, 54%) of them did not receive PEP when they needed it. There was a significant association between the knowledge and availability of PEP (r = 0.622).Conclusion: The study recommend an urgent need for policy makers in the health sector to put in place policies, guidelines and programmes that will rapidly scale up PEP services in health care settings, so that preventable occupationally acquired HIV infection can be minimised amongst nurses.Keywords: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Nurses; HIV, Occupational Exposure; PLWH

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Knowledge of PEP and PrEP among people living with HIV/aids in Brazil

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10135-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa ◽

Henrique Ciabotti Elias ◽

Nilo Martinez Fernandes ◽

Elucir Gir ◽

Renata Karina Reis

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Sexual Partners ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) are key to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, whose sexual partners are at high risk of acquiring HIV. We aimed to determine the factors associated with PrEP and PEP’s knowledge as secondary prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS. Method Cross-sectional analytical study carried out among people living with HIV/AIDS treated at five specialized services in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from July 2016 to July 2017. Individual interviews were conducted. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with knowing PrEP and PEP. Results Of the 397 participants, 140 (35.26%) were heterosexual women aged 40 to 49 years (36.2%).Participants with less than 11 years of study (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13–0.60); who did not have a low viral load or did not know their viral load (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.83) and those with casual partners (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.83) were less likely to know about the PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.59–5.3) and those who used alcohol during sexual intercourse (adjusted odds: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.8) were more likely to know about the PEP. Conclusions The knowledge about PEP and PrEP is low in Brazil. This may undermine secondary prevention efforts. Educational interventions to raise awareness of these prevention methods are needed among people living with HIV and who have HIV-negative sexual partners.

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Consequences of COVID-19 crisis for persons with HIV: the impact of social determinants of health

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10296-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristie C. Waterfield ◽

Gulzar H. Shah ◽

Gina D. Etheredge ◽

Osaremhen Ikhile

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background With the indiscriminate spread of COVID-19 globally, many populations are experiencing negative consequences such as job loss, food insecurity, and inability to manage existing medical conditions and maintain preventive measures such as social distancing and personal preventative equipment. Some of the most disadvantaged in the COVID-19 era are people living with HIV/AIDS and other autoimmune diseases. Discussion As the number of new HIV infections decrease globally, many subpopulations remain at high risk of infection due to lack of or limited access to prevention services, as well as clinical care and treatment. For persons living with HIV or at higher risk of contracting HIV, including persons who inject drugs or men that have sex with men, the risk of COVID-19 infection increases if they have certain comorbidities, are older than 60 years of age, and are homeless, orphaned, or vulnerable children. The risk of COVID-19 is also more significant for those that live in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, rural, and/or poverty-stricken areas. An additional concern for those living the HIV is the double stigma that may arise if they also test positive for COVID-19. As public health and health care workers try to tackle the needs of the populations that they serve, they are beginning to realize the need for a change in the infrastructure that will include more efficient partnerships between public health, health care, and HIV programs. Conclusion Persons living with HIV that also have other underlying comorbidities are a great disadvantage from the negative consequences of COVID-19. For those that may test positive for both HIV and COVID-19, the increased psychosocial burdens stemming from stress and isolation, as well as, experiencing additional barriers that inhibit access to care, may cause them to become more disenfranchised. Thus, it becomes very important during the current pandemic for these challenges and barriers to be addressed so that these persons living with HIV can maintain continuity of care, as well as, their social and mental support systems.

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