Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Bartlett ◽  
Robert R. Redfield ◽  
Paul A. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Reference Format ◽  
Living With Hiv

With more than 30 million people living with HIV, nearly 2 million new HIV infections, and 1 million deaths in 2017 globally, the HIV epidemic continues to exert a considerable deleterious impact on the health of individuals, communities, and the economic growth of nations. However, remarkable advances have also been achieved: improvements in our scientific understanding of the biology of HIV, how it causes disease, and its prevention and treatment, coupled with unprecedented multi-sectoral global efforts, have resulted in rendering HIV infection essentially a manageable chronic disease. The 17th edition of Bartlett’s Medical Management of HIV Infection offers the best-available clinical guidance for treatment of patients with HIV, all in a portable, quick-reference format. Edited by preeminent and pioneering authorities in HIV research and clinical care, it has earned its status as the definitive work for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and anyone working in the care of persons with HIV.

scholarly journals Consequences of COVID-19 crisis for persons with HIV: the impact of social determinants of health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie C. Waterfield ◽  
Gulzar H. Shah ◽  
Gina D. Etheredge ◽  
Osaremhen Ikhile
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background With the indiscriminate spread of COVID-19 globally, many populations are experiencing negative consequences such as job loss, food insecurity, and inability to manage existing medical conditions and maintain preventive measures such as social distancing and personal preventative equipment. Some of the most disadvantaged in the COVID-19 era are people living with HIV/AIDS and other autoimmune diseases. Discussion As the number of new HIV infections decrease globally, many subpopulations remain at high risk of infection due to lack of or limited access to prevention services, as well as clinical care and treatment. For persons living with HIV or at higher risk of contracting HIV, including persons who inject drugs or men that have sex with men, the risk of COVID-19 infection increases if they have certain comorbidities, are older than 60 years of age, and are homeless, orphaned, or vulnerable children. The risk of COVID-19 is also more significant for those that live in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, rural, and/or poverty-stricken areas. An additional concern for those living the HIV is the double stigma that may arise if they also test positive for COVID-19. As public health and health care workers try to tackle the needs of the populations that they serve, they are beginning to realize the need for a change in the infrastructure that will include more efficient partnerships between public health, health care, and HIV programs. Conclusion Persons living with HIV that also have other underlying comorbidities are a great disadvantage from the negative consequences of COVID-19. For those that may test positive for both HIV and COVID-19, the increased psychosocial burdens stemming from stress and isolation, as well as, experiencing additional barriers that inhibit access to care, may cause them to become more disenfranchised. Thus, it becomes very important during the current pandemic for these challenges and barriers to be addressed so that these persons living with HIV can maintain continuity of care, as well as, their social and mental support systems.

HIV Psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Years after effective medications have been available for HIV infection, the stigma of this illness persists and presents a barrier to prevention, testing, and treatment. The treatment of HIV among people with mental illnesses is additionally challenging due to neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV and drug interactions that may occur between antiretroviral and psychotropic medications. This chapter uses a case example to illustrate the range of psychosocial and clinical issues experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS and those at high risk of HIV infection. The chapter also provides an overview of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis. In addition, the chapter suggests approaches for improving individual clinical care and provides recommendations for organizational and public health strategies to improve treatment and outcomes in this population.

Adolescent Trials Network for HIV-AIDS Scale It Up Program: Protocol for a Rational and Overview (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Naar ◽  
Jeffrey T Parsons ◽  
Bonita F Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND The past 30 years have witnessed such significant progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS that an AIDS-free generation and the end to the global AIDS epidemic are ambitious, but achievable, national and global goals. Despite growing optimism, globally, youth living with HIV are markedly less likely to receive antiretroviral therapy than adults (23% vs 38%). Furthermore, marked health disparities exist regarding HIV infection risk, with young men of color who have sex with men disproportionately affected. A large body of research has identified highly impactful facilitators of and barriers to behavior change. Several efficacious interventions have been created that decrease the rate of new HIV infections among youth and reduce morbidity among youth living with HIV. However, full benefits that should be possible based on the tools and interventions currently available are yet to be realized in youth, in large part, because efficacious interventions have not been implemented in real-world settings. Scale It Up (SIU) primarily aims to assemble research teams that will ultimately bring to practice evidence-based interventions that positively impact the youth HIV prevention and care cascades, and in turn, advance the fields of implementation science and self-management science. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to describe the structure of the U19-SIU and the effectiveness-implementation hybrid trials, as well as other center-wide protocols and initiatives, implemented within SIU. METHODS SIU will achieve its aims through 4 individual primary protocols, 2 center-wide protocols, and 3 cross-project initiatives. RESULTS SIU was funded by National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (U19HD089875) and began in October 2016. As of November 2018, 6 SIU protocols have launched at least the first phase of work (ATN 144 SMART: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial; ATN 145 YMHP: Young Men’s Health Project; ATN 146 TMI: Tailored Motivational Interviewing Intervention; ATN 153 EPIS: Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment model; ATN 154 CM: Cascade Monitoring; ATN 156 We Test: Couples' Communication and HIV Testing). Further details can be found in the individual protocol papers. CONCLUSIONS To date, the youth HIV research portfolio has not adequately advanced the important care area of self-management. SIU protocols and initiatives address this broad issue by focusing on evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of self-management interventions. SIU is highly innovative for 5 primary reasons: (1) our research framework expands the application of “self-management”; (2) the 4 primary protocols utilize innovative hybrid designs; (3) our Analytic Core will conduct cost-effectiveness analyses of each intervention; (4) across all 4 primary protocols, our Implementation Science Core will apply implementation scales designed to assess inner and outer context factors; and (5) we shall advance understanding of the dynamics between provider and patient through analysis of recorded interactions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11204

Assessment of coronary inflammation in antiretroviral treated people living with HIV infection and active HIV/HCV co-infection

AIDS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Jeudy ◽  
Pratik Patel ◽  
Nivya George ◽  
Shana Burrowes ◽  
Jennifer Husson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV infection in Spain: a gender perspective

AIDS Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmina R. Fumaz ◽  
Maider Larrañaga-Eguilegor ◽  
Sonia Mayordomo-López ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Marian González-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farina Karim ◽  
Inbal Gazy ◽  
Sandile Cele ◽  
Yenzekile Zungu ◽  
Robert Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Changes ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (beta dominated) infection waves. The second wave had more PLWH requiring supplemental oxygen relative to HIV negative participants. Higher disease severity was associated with low CD4 T cell counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Yet, CD4 counts recovered and NLR stabilized after SARS-CoV-2 clearance in wave 2 infected PLWH, arguing for an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection leading to low CD4 and high NLR. The first infection wave, where severity in HIV negative and PLWH was similar, still showed some HIV modulation of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. Therefore, HIV infection can synergize with the SARS-CoV-2 variant to change COVID-19 outcomes.

scholarly journals Trans cohort metabolic reprogramming towards glutaminolysis in long-term successfully treated HIV-infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Mikaeloff ◽  
Sara Svensson Akusjärvi ◽  
George Mondinde Ikomey ◽  
Shuba Krishnan ◽  
Maike Sperk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
System Level ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractDespite successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persistent low-grade immune activation together with inflammation and toxic antiretroviral drugs can lead to long-lasting metabolic flexibility and adaptation in people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study investigated alterations in the plasma metabolic profiles by comparing PLWH on long-term cART(>5 years) and matched HIV-negative controls (HC) in two cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), Cameroon, and India, respectively, to understand the system-level dysregulation in HIV-infection. Using untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling and applying advanced system biology methods, an altered amino acid metabolism, more specifically to glutaminolysis in PLWH than HC were reported. A significantly lower level of neurosteroids was observed in both cohorts and could potentiate neurological impairments in PLWH. Further, modulation of cellular glutaminolysis promoted increased cell death and latency reversal in pre-monocytic HIV-1 latent cell model U1, which may be essential for the clearance of the inducible reservoir in HIV-integrated cells.

scholarly journals Features of choosing the tactics and method of treatment of external joint frequencies of long external bones in people living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
N. G. Doronin ◽  
S. N. Khoroshkov ◽  
S. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Articular Fractures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective. Develop an algorithm for determining tactics and parameters of their treatment to improve treatment outcomes. Methodology. Material and research methods. A statistical analysis of the treatment results of 90 HIV-infected patients aged from 23 to 54 years with extra-articular fractures of long bones of the extremities was carried out. When determining the tactics and method of treatment, the peculiarities of the effect of HIV infection, antiretroviral drugs, and opportunistic diseases on the patient’s body were not taken into account. Results. Non-infectious complications are characteristic of HIV-infected patients: sides of the postoperative wound (seromas, hematomas, discrepancy of wound edges, delayed crushing), aseptic loosening and migration of fixatives, delayed consolidation of fractures. The presence of a statistically significant relationship between the objective factors characterizing the course of HIV infection: the stage of the disease, the number of CD lymphocytes, the ratio of CD4 / CD8 lymphocytes, viral load and the risk of postoperative complications was revealed.Conclusion. The application of the developed algorithm allows you to objectify the procedure and provide an individual approach in determining the tactics and method of treatment for HIV-infected patients with extraarticular fractures of long bones of the extremities

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