scholarly journals Consequences of COVID-19 crisis for persons with HIV: the impact of social determinants of health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie C. Waterfield ◽  
Gulzar H. Shah ◽  
Gina D. Etheredge ◽  
Osaremhen Ikhile
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background With the indiscriminate spread of COVID-19 globally, many populations are experiencing negative consequences such as job loss, food insecurity, and inability to manage existing medical conditions and maintain preventive measures such as social distancing and personal preventative equipment. Some of the most disadvantaged in the COVID-19 era are people living with HIV/AIDS and other autoimmune diseases. Discussion As the number of new HIV infections decrease globally, many subpopulations remain at high risk of infection due to lack of or limited access to prevention services, as well as clinical care and treatment. For persons living with HIV or at higher risk of contracting HIV, including persons who inject drugs or men that have sex with men, the risk of COVID-19 infection increases if they have certain comorbidities, are older than 60 years of age, and are homeless, orphaned, or vulnerable children. The risk of COVID-19 is also more significant for those that live in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, rural, and/or poverty-stricken areas. An additional concern for those living the HIV is the double stigma that may arise if they also test positive for COVID-19. As public health and health care workers try to tackle the needs of the populations that they serve, they are beginning to realize the need for a change in the infrastructure that will include more efficient partnerships between public health, health care, and HIV programs. Conclusion Persons living with HIV that also have other underlying comorbidities are a great disadvantage from the negative consequences of COVID-19. For those that may test positive for both HIV and COVID-19, the increased psychosocial burdens stemming from stress and isolation, as well as, experiencing additional barriers that inhibit access to care, may cause them to become more disenfranchised. Thus, it becomes very important during the current pandemic for these challenges and barriers to be addressed so that these persons living with HIV can maintain continuity of care, as well as, their social and mental support systems.

The impact of the COVID-19 infection epidemic on the provision of health care for people living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 3_2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Ladnaia N.N. Ladnaia ◽  
Kozyrina N.V. Kozyrina ◽  
Babikhina K.A. Babikhina ◽  
Mikhailov A.V. Mikhailov ◽  
Egorova N.V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Bartlett ◽  
Robert R. Redfield ◽  
Paul A. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Reference Format ◽  
Living With Hiv

With more than 30 million people living with HIV, nearly 2 million new HIV infections, and 1 million deaths in 2017 globally, the HIV epidemic continues to exert a considerable deleterious impact on the health of individuals, communities, and the economic growth of nations. However, remarkable advances have also been achieved: improvements in our scientific understanding of the biology of HIV, how it causes disease, and its prevention and treatment, coupled with unprecedented multi-sectoral global efforts, have resulted in rendering HIV infection essentially a manageable chronic disease. The 17th edition of Bartlett’s Medical Management of HIV Infection offers the best-available clinical guidance for treatment of patients with HIV, all in a portable, quick-reference format. Edited by preeminent and pioneering authorities in HIV research and clinical care, it has earned its status as the definitive work for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and anyone working in the care of persons with HIV.

scholarly journals The Significance of Taking Antiretroviral Medications for African-Born People Living with HIV and Residing in Minnesota

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Alina Cernasev ◽  
William L. Larson ◽  
Cynthia Peden-McAlpine ◽  
Todd Rockwood ◽  
Paul L. Ranelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Medications ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Thanks to the development of antiretroviral (ART) medications, HIV is now a chronic and manageable disease. This study aimed to (1) capture the experiences of African-born persons living with HIV and taking antiretroviral treatment, and (2) explore the impact of social and cultural factors on their decisions to follow the prescribed treatment. For this study, a qualitative approach was used. The participants were recruited via fliers, then screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Recruitment of the participants continued until data saturation occurred. The interview guide was developed based on the extensive literature and recommendations from the clinical team. In-person narrative interviews were conducted with 14 participants—African-born persons living with HIV and residing in Minnesota. Thematic Analysis revealed three emergent themes: “To exist I have to take the medicine”; barriers and facilitators in taking ART medications; and the power of spirituality and prayers. The findings of this study paint a picture of African-born persons living with HIV, and their experiences with ART medications. This study not only presents the participants’ medication experiences and their significance, but also tells their stories of how God and prayers play a significant role in helping them to get through the difficult moments of their lives.

scholarly journals ANTIRETROVIRAL SIDE EFFECT ON ADHERENCE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV AIDS AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL REFFERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG CENTRAL JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Arya Bagus Arisudhana ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽  
Untung Sujianto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Drug Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is a lifelong treatment in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Adherence is the key to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. ARV have side effects that may affect patient adherence.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ARV side effects on drug adherence in PLWHA.Methods: This study used cross-sectional approach. Sample size in this study was 78 consist of people who were recruited by purposive sampling. These subjects received ARV therapy in Tropical Disease and Infection Polyclinic at General Hospital of Dr. Kariadi SemarangResult : Result showed that eta2 is 0,525625. It means that ARV side effect has impact on ARV adherence. Most of the side effects reported by the respondents were nausea and dizziness. Some respondents also reported experiencing weakness, difficult to concentrate, and diarrhea. Conclusion : Side effects have impact on patient’s ARV therapy adherence. Therefore health care provider for PLWHA should be able to recognize and concern on ARV side effect management. 

Predicting the population impact of increased HIV testing and treatment in Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jansson ◽  
Cliff C. Kerr ◽  
David P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Risk Compensation ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Introduction The treatment as prevention strategy has gained popularity as a way to reduce the incidence of HIV by suppressing viral load such that transmission risk is decreased. The effectiveness of the strategy also requires early diagnosis. Methods: Informed by data on the influence of diagnosis and treatment on reducing transmission risk, a model simulated the impact of increasing testing and treatment rates on the expected incidence of HIV in Australia under varying assumptions of treatment efficacy and risk compensation. The model utilises Australia’s National HIV Registry data, and simulates disease progression, testing, treatment, transmission and mortality. Results: Decreasing the average time between infection and diagnosis by 30% is expected to reduce population incidence by 12% (~126 cases per year, 95% confidence interval (CI): 82–198). Treatment of all people living with HIV with CD4 counts <500 cells μL–1 is expected to reduce new infections by 30.9% (95% CI: 15.9–37.6%) at 96% efficacy if no risk compensation occurs. The number of infections could increase up to 12.9% (95% CI: 20.1–7.4%) at 26% efficacy if a return to prediagnosis risk levels occur. Conclusion: Treatment as prevention has the potential to prevent HIV infections but its effectiveness depends on the efficacy outside trial settings among men who have sex with men and the level of risk compensation. If antiretroviral therapy has high efficacy, risk compensation will not greatly change the number of infections. If the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy is low, risk compensation could lead to increased infections.

scholarly journals Follow-Up Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV during the Second Semester of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4635
Author(s):  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
Edlaine Faria de Moura Villela ◽  
Stijn Van Hees ◽  
Pieter Vanholder ◽  
Patrick Reyntiens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) both directly (via morbidity/mortality) and indirectly (via disruption of HIV care). From July–November 2020, an online survey was conducted to investigate the psychosocial well-being of PLWH and changes in HIV care during the second semester of the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were collected on the socio-demographic characteristics of PLWH, their psychosocial well-being, impact of COVID-19 preventive measures on their daily routines and HIV follow-up. Of the 247 responses analyzed (mean age: 44.5 ± 13.2 years; 73.7% male), 67 (27.1%) and 69 (27.9%) respondents screened positive for anxiety (GAD-2 score ≥ 3) and depression (PHQ-2 score ≥ 3), respectively. HIV care had returned to pre-COVID-19 state for 48.6% PLWH, and 108 (43.7%) had no HIV follow-up during the past month. Over three quarters (76.1%) of respondents expressed willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Compared to previous findings in April 2020, substance use increased from 58.6% to 67.2% (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the well-being and medical follow-up of PLWH are still affected after almost a year into the COVID-19 outbreak. Remote HIV follow-up (telemedicine) with psychosocial support should be envisaged in the medium to long-term. Given that most PLWH accept COVID-19 vaccination, they may be prioritized for this intervention.

scholarly journals Modeling the epidemiological impact of the UNAIDS 2025 targets to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003831
Author(s):  
John Stover ◽  
Robert Glaubius ◽  
Yu Teng ◽  
Sherrie Kelly ◽  
Tim Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Model ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
The Impact

Background UNAIDS has established new program targets for 2025 to achieve the goal of eliminating AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. This study reports on efforts to use mathematical models to estimate the impact of achieving those targets. Methods and findings We simulated the impact of achieving the targets at country level using the Goals model, a mathematical simulation model of HIV epidemic dynamics that includes the impact of prevention and treatment interventions. For 77 high-burden countries, we fit the model to surveillance and survey data for 1970 to 2020 and then projected the impact of achieving the targets for the period 2019 to 2030. Results from these 77 countries were extrapolated to produce estimates for 96 others. Goals model results were checked by comparing against projections done with the Optima HIV model and the AIDS Epidemic Model (AEM) for selected countries. We included estimates of the impact of societal enablers (access to justice and law reform, stigma and discrimination elimination, and gender equality) and the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Results show that achieving the 2025 targets would reduce new annual infections by 83% (71% to 86% across regions) and AIDS-related deaths by 78% (67% to 81% across regions) by 2025 compared to 2010. Lack of progress on societal enablers could endanger these achievements and result in as many as 2.6 million (44%) cumulative additional new HIV infections and 440,000 (54%) more AIDS-related deaths between 2020 and 2030 compared to full achievement of all targets. COVID-19–related disruptions could increase new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by 10% in the next 2 years, but targets could still be achieved by 2025. Study limitations include the reliance on self-reports for most data on behaviors, the use of intervention effect sizes from published studies that may overstate intervention impacts outside of controlled study settings, and the use of proxy countries to estimate the impact in countries with fewer than 4,000 annual HIV infections. Conclusions The new targets for 2025 build on the progress made since 2010 and represent ambitious short-term goals. Achieving these targets would bring us close to the goals of reducing new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by 90% between 2010 and 2030. By 2025, global new infections and AIDS deaths would drop to 4.4 and 3.9 per 100,000 population, and the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) would be declining. There would be 32 million people on treatment, and they would need continuing support for their lifetime. Incidence for the total global population would be below 0.15% everywhere. The number of PLHIV would start declining by 2023.

Ghanaian Pharmacists’ Perception of People Living With HIV and AIDS (PLWHIV)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Thelma Kwabea Owusu-Daaku ◽  
Geraldine Buanya-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

To determine Ghanaian pharmacists’ perception of persons living with HIV (PLWHIV), pharmacists and other health care personnel in Ghana completed self-administered questionnaires in 3 separate studies from November 2003 to January 2005. Two of the studies (studies 2 and 3) incorporated 4 simple questions that are generally administered to determine, hypothetically, the degree of discrimination against PLWHIV. Responses to these questions were also analyzed in the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). A nondiscriminatory response to all the indicators reflected an accepting attitude, and a discriminatory response, in at least one indicator, reflected a negative attitude. In study 1, 35% of pharmacists indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. In study 2, only 17% of the pharmacists sampled indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. In study 3, none of the 10 pharmacists sampled indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. However, 19% of the totality of health workers did so. Compared to Ghanaians of similar socioeconomic backgrounds, pharmacists tended to report a more perceived discriminatory attitude toward PLWHIV.

scholarly journals Adding a Physical Therapist to the Health Care Team in an HIV Clinic Increases Physical Therapy Referrals and Reduces Opioid Prescriptions Provided for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients Living With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinoja Sebanayagam ◽  
Nichole Chakur ◽  
Nana Ama Baffoe ◽  
Brian Reed ◽  
Jarrett Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Care Team ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is common in people living with HIV (PLWH). Health care providers sometimes prescribe opioids to control pain, which may lead to opioid misuse. An interdisciplinary approach that includes physical therapy has been successful in managing MSK pain in various health care settings. Therefore, we sought to find the impact of recruiting a physical therapist (PT) on the number of opioid prescriptions and physical therapy referrals made by physicians in training to manage MSK pain in PLWH. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients seen by Internal Medicine physicians in training in an HIV clinic in Detroit before (2017) and after (2018) recruiting a PT to the health care team and collected demographic and clinical data. We also surveyed the trainees to assess how the PT addition influenced their learning. Institutional review board waiver was obtained. Results Results showed that of all PLWH seen at the clinic, 28/249 (11%) and 37/178 (21%) had chronic MSK pain in the 2017 and 2018 data sets, respectively. In 2017, all 28 patients with MSK pain were prescribed opioids. This decreased in 2018 after the PT addition (10/37 patients; P &lt; .0001). The number of physical therapy referrals significantly increased after the PT addition (2017: 5/28 patients; 2018: 17/37 patients; P = .03). Trainees felt that the PT helped improve their examination skills and develop a treatment plan for patients. Conclusions The addition of a PT encouraged physicians in training to utilize nonopioid management of MSK pain in PLWH and enhanced their learning experience, as perceived by the trainees.

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