Dizziness While Traveling

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Paulis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salts

Dizziness has a broad differential diagnosis in any setting. As a result, history and physical examination are critical in assessing cardiovascular, metabolic, central nervous system, and other acute causes. In the setting of dehydration, oral rehydration therapy is generally a safe and effective method of treatment, especially in underresourced areas. This chapter examines a case in which a patient presents with dizziness following cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, and decreased oral intake. Results from a glucose test are normal. Given the symptoms and lack of availability of imaging services, the author address the diagnosis of dehydration and discusses oral rehydration therapy and oral rehydration salts.

Stroke due to isolated angiitis ot the central nervous system (CNS) – differential diagnosis and therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Springer ◽  
S Bechthold ◽  
A Jansson ◽  
K Kurnik ◽  
T Pfluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Meningioma—Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Bhople ◽  
Hrushikesh U. Kharosekar ◽  
Harish Naik ◽  
V. Velho
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Radiological Patterns

AbstractPrimary intracranial melanoma is uncommon and accounts for only approximately 1% of all cases of melanoma. This is interesting to neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons because the clinical and radiological patterns of these tumors can mimic the presence of meningioma. Primary central nervous system melanomas have rarely been reported with less than 25 cases reported till date. We report two cases of the primary intracranial melanoma that even though very rare should be kept as a differential diagnosis when meningioma is suspected.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Modern concepts in the biology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Leukemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Deckert ◽  
A Engert ◽  
W Brück ◽  
A J M Ferreri ◽  
J Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

scholarly journals Frequent Abdominal Pain in Childhood and Youth: A Systematic Review of Psychophysiological Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Daniel Gulewitsch ◽  
Judith Müller ◽  
Paul Enck ◽  
Katja Weimer ◽  
Juliane Schwille-Kiuntke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Endocrine Parameters ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background. Frequent abdominal pain (AP) in children and adolescents is often designated as functional gastrointestinal disorder. In contrast to research on psychological and social influences on the experience of AP in this population, psychophysiological features such as function of the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous system, or the endocrine system have rarely been studied.Methods. We conducted a systematic literature search for peer-reviewed journal articles referring to children with AP between 4 and 18 years. Studies on experimental baseline characteristics or reactivity of psychophysiological outcome parameters (autonomous nervous system, central nervous system, and endocrine parameters) were included.Key Results. Twelve of 18 included studies found psychophysiological differences between children with AP and healthy ones. These studies indicate a possible autonomic dysregulation and hypersensitivity of the central nervous system in children with AP following stimulation with stress or other intense stimuli. Mainly conflicting results were found regarding baseline comparisons of autonomic and endocrine parameters.Conclusions and Inferences. Frequent AP in children may be associated with an altered psychophysiological reaction on intense stimuli. It has to be considered that the current literature on psychophysiological characteristics of childhood AP is small and heterogeneous. In particular, multiparameter studies using validated experimental paradigms are lacking.

Gastric Toxoplasmosis in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Ganji ◽  
Ailyn Tan ◽  
Michael I. Maitar ◽  
C. Michael Weldon-Linne ◽  
Elliot Weisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic pathogen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It usually presents with ocular, central nervous system, or pulmonary disease. Gastric toxoplasmosis is uncommon in AIDS patients, especially in the absence of central nervous system manifestations. In the few reported cases, patients have presented with abdominal pain and other digestive complaints that usually are attributed to the more common gastrointestinal manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. We describe a 49-year-old man with AIDS who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry cough, and systemic symptoms and was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis by a gastric biopsy.

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