Prelude, War, and Aftermath

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Turse

This chapter presents a broad summary of this conflict, beginning with its roots in nineteenth-century colonial French Indochina. It details the buildup of U.S. military and economic aid to the South Vietnamese regime after French withdrawal, early U.S. intervention in the ongoing civil war between North and South Vietnam, and the gradual escalation of America’s presence in Southeast Asia under presidents Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. It describes how and where the war was fought, who served and why, and on-going political and social movements in the U.S. throughout the war and after U.S. withdrawal. It summarizes the human costs in Vietnam and the United States. It describes attempts by psychiatrists to create frameworks for understanding and addressing the trauma, anguish, alienation, and rage experienced and expressed by the U.S. veterans who fought this controversial war, including official recognition in the new diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder.

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Andrew Marble

Returning to Peoria, Illinois, on the morning after the June 1952 high school graduation, the chapter tells, through Donna Bechtold’s eyes, how John Shalikashvili fought to assimilate to life in the United States, how manipulative and strategic he could be and how this helped him to be well-liked at school, and how he struggled with demons from his wartime past (post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD). It also reveals that Bechtold, despite all he has done for her, is set to betray him.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph DeLucia ◽  
Cindy Bitter ◽  
Jennifer Fitzgerald ◽  
Miggie Greenberg ◽  
Preeti Dalwari ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Le Thi Nhuong

President M. Richard Nixon took office in the context that the United States was being crisis and deeply divided by the Vietnam war. Ending the war became the new administration's top priority. The top priority of the new government was to get the American out of the war. But if the American got out of the war and the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) fell, the honor and and prestige of the U.S will be effected. Nixon government wanted to conclude American involvement honorably. It means that the U.S forces could be returned to the U.S, but still maintaining the RVN government in South Vietnam. To accomplish this goal, Nixon government implemented linkage diplomacy, negotiated with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Paris and implemented "Vietnamization" strategy. The aim of the Vietnamization was to train and provide equipments for the RVN's military forces that gradually replace the U.S. troops, take responsibility in self-guarantee for their own security. By analyzing the military cooperation between the United States and the RVN in the implementation of "Vietnamization", the paper aims to clarify the nature of the "allied relationship" between the U.S and the RVN. It also proves that the goal of Nixon's Vietnamization was not to help the RVN "reach to a strong government with a wealthy economy, a powerful internal security and military forces", served the policy of withdrawing American troops from the war that the U.S could not win militarily, solving internal problems but still preserving the honor of the United States.


Author(s):  
Malinda Maynor Lowery

Today, the Lumbees are the largest tribe of American Indians east of the Mississippi. They are the descendants of dozens of tribes in that territory, as well as of free European and enslaved African settlers who lived in what became their core homeland: the low-lying swamplands along the border between North and South Carolina where Lumbee history has unfolded since before the formation of the U.S. Lumbees have insisted on both their kinship with the United States and the value of their difference from other Americans. In addition, being Lumbee has historically been more complicated than identifying with a racial group. This is because tribes are not static societies; they are composed of dynamic networks of kinship and place. Knowledge of kinship—the relationships between different families—and place—the stories told about families in certain locations—is critical to Lumbee identity. The federal government’s refusal to accord the Lumbees federal recognition provides important triggers for Lumbee demands to have their story heard. Sovereignty, however, exists whether a tribe has federal recognition or not, so long as that tribe exercises its right to make and remake its own community and nation through the stories its members tell.


2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-440
Author(s):  
PIERRE ASSELIN

The spring 1965 deployment of U.S. ground forces to South Vietnam and initiation of sustained aerial and naval bombardments of the North by the U.S. military marked a turning point in the history of the Vietnamese Revolution. Until recently, Western scholars only vaguely understood Hanoi's attitude toward those developments and what they meant for the revolution it spearheaded. Newly available materials from Vietnam provide a clearer picture of the concerns of North Vietnamese policymakers in the period immediately before and after the American intervention. Based on such materials, this article demonstrates that, when it committed the North to a wider war with the United States, Hanoi did so reluctantly. Having made the commitment, however, it stopped at nothing to guarantee the ultimate success of its efforts.


Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Rothe ◽  
Andres J. Pumariega

The chapter on criminality among immigrants seeks to dispel the myths and to clarify the true statistics of criminality among the immigrant population in the United States. It provides a historical perspective of criminality and immigration and describes the anti-immigrant currents and rhetoric that have emerged throughout the history of the country. It describes the crime rates and socioeconomic factors that generate criminality among legal and undocumented immigrants, providing an in-depth analysis of the three principal federal, state, and local justice system U.S. government databases in order to clarify the true statistics on immigrant criminality. It discusses the variables that affect the levels of criminality, including immigration, class, and race and the statistics and factors affecting criminality among second-generation immigrants and beyond. It describes what constitutes a cultural crime and the plight of immigrants as victims, including border crossings, human trafficking, violence, and exploitation and the contribution of post-traumatic stress disorder as a cause of criminality and as a result of victimization. Ultimately, it discusses the dilemma of immigration as an issue of national security.


Worldview ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Gary Porter

The carefully graduated increases in manpower and in the intensity of bombing attacks and the wellpublicized U.S. diplomatic efforts for negotiations, make it appear—at least as I write this—that the United States is conducting in Vietnam a well-controlled and limited military operation.This impression of limitation and control, implying as it does the discriminating application of military power in the service of political ends, is morally soothing. It is nevertheless an illusory impression which cannot avoid being exposed as the war progresses. For the underlying fact of the U.S. commitment in Vietnam is that its objective is no longer the politics of South Vietnam.


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