First-aid measures | ScienceGate

ABSTRAK Kasus kegawatan medis dapat terjadi dimana dan kapan saja, salah satunya adalah henti jantung dan demam anak. Akan sangat berbahaya kejadian yang terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat yang tidak ada orang yang mampu memberikan pertolongan pertama, ataupun tidak tahu kemana akan mencari pertolongan. Kesalahan memberikan pertolongan bisa membuat pasien menjadi lebih menderita dan meninggalkan kecacatan. Keadaan diatas memerlukan pertolongan yang baik dan segera sebelum pasien dibawa ke rumah sakit untuk perawatan definitif. Permasalahan muncul karena tidak banyak orang awam di yang bisa memberikan pertolongan pertama pada kejadian tersebut dan ketidaktahuan akan sistem pengaduan kasus tersebut. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode demonstrasi dan praktik agar partisipan memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan pertolongan pada henti jantung dan demam pada anak. Selain itu butuh pembuatan sebuah sistem sederhana berbasis komunitas sebagai alur awal pertolongan pasien, dengan sistem ini masyarakat mengetahui kemana mereka harus melapor. Semua rangkaian kegiatan tersebut dengan tujuan membentuk sebuah komunitas yang aman yang disebut “Safe Community”. Dari pelaksanaan kedua pelatihan tersebut di atas, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam memberikan pertolongan henti jantung dan demam anak yaitu sebesar rata-rata 23 poin dalam skala 100. Kata Kunci: Henti Jantung, Kejang Demam, Safe Community ABSTRACT Medical emergency cases can occur anywhere and anytime, one of which is cardiac arrest and childhood fever. It would be very dangerous to happen in a community where no one is able to provide first aid, or does not know where to go for help. Mistakes in providing help can make patients suffer more and leave disabilities. The above conditions require good and immediate assistance before the patient is admitted to the hospital for definitive treatment. The problem arose because there were not many ordinary people who could provide first aid to the incident and they were ignorant of the complaint system for the case. This activity is carried out with demonstration and practical methods so that participants have the knowledge and skills to help with cardiac arrest and fever in children. In addition, it is necessary to create a simple community-based system as the initial flow of patient assistance, with this system the community knows where they have to report. All of these series of activities are aimed at forming a safe community called "Safe Community". From the implementation of the two pieces of training above, there is an increase in the knowledge and skills of the community in providing assistance for cardiac arrest and child fever, which is an average of 23 points on a scale of 100. Keywords: Cardiac Arrest, Febrile Convulsion, Safe Community

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The Emergency and Definitive Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(53)80056-9 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Robert R. Linton

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Varices ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Bleeding Esophageal Varices

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1596: Choices for Definitive Treatment of Early-Stage Prostate Cancer: Results from the Compare Registry

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)33788-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 175 (4S) ◽

pp. 514-514

Author(s):

David G. McLeod ◽

Oliver Sartor ◽

Paul F. Schellhammer ◽

Anthony V. D'Amico ◽

Susan Halabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Definitive Treatment

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Need First Aid for Marine Stings? Think Heat

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(05)71698-x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (16) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

MICHELE G. SULLIVAN

Keyword(s):

First Aid

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Outcome of carotid endarterectomy under local anaesthesia with respect to the patients’ risk profile

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.38.3.225 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksic ◽

Luebke ◽

Brunkwall

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

High Risk ◽

Carotid Endarterectomy ◽

Complication Rate ◽

Local Anaesthesia ◽

High Risk Group ◽

High Risk Patients ◽

Hostile Neck ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Angioplasty And Stenting

Background: In the present study the perioperative complication rate is compared between high- and low-risk patients when carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is routinely performed under local anaesthesia (LA). Patients and methods: From January 2000 through June 2008 1220 consecutive patients underwent CEA under LA. High-risk patients fulfilled at least one of the following characteristics: ASA 4 classification, “hostile neck”, recurrent ICA stenosis, contralateral ICA occlusion, age ≥ 80 years. The combined complication rate comprised any new neurological deficit (TIA or stroke), myocardial infarction or death within 30 days after CEA, which was compared between patient groups. Results: Overall 309 patients (25%) were attributed to the high-risk group, which differed significantly regarding sex distribution (more males: 70% vs. 63%, p = 0,011), neurological presentation (more asymptomatic: 72% vs. 62%, p = 0,001) and shunt necessity (33% vs. 14%, p < 0,001). In 32 patients 17 TIAs and 15 strokes were observed. In 3 patients a myocardial infarction occurred. Death occurred in one patient following a stroke and in another patient following myocardial infarction, leading to a combined complication rate of 2,9% (35/1220). In the multivariate analysis only previous neurological symptomatology (OR 2,85, 95% CI 1,38-5,91) and intraoperative shunting (OR 5,57, 95% CI 2,69-11,55) were identified as independent risk factors for an increased combined complication rate. Conclusions: With the routine use of LA, CEA was not associated with worse outcome in high-risk patients. Considering the data reported in the literature, it does not appear justified to refer high-risk patients principally to carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) when LA can be chosen to perform CEA.

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Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000138 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 404-407

Author(s):

Maras ◽

Tzormpatzoglou ◽

Papas ◽

Papanas ◽

Kotsikoris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Endarterectomy ◽

Local Anaesthesia ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Circle Of Willis ◽

Variable Degree ◽

Operative Complications ◽

The Right ◽

Ica Stenosis ◽

Symptomatic Stenosis

Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

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Two Siblings with Total Colonic Aganglionosis Extended to the Ileum

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.9.4.187 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 187-189

Author(s):

Aslan ◽

Caglar ◽

Karagüzel ◽

Melikoglu

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Loop Ileostomy ◽

Good Condition ◽

Disease Type ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Entire Colon ◽

Total Colonic Aganglionosis ◽

Protective Ileostomy ◽

Definitive Surgery ◽

Partial Intestinal Obstruction

Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) extended to the ileum is seen quite rare among infants with Hirschsprung's disease. Type and timing of definitive surgery in these patients are controversial. This report was presented to discuss the management of two siblings with TCA. Case 1: A two-day-old girl was operated for partial intestinal obstruction. During laparotomy, serial frozen biopsies proved TCA extended to the terminal ileum and a loop ileostomy was performed. At five months of age, a modified Duhamel-Martin procedure without protective ileostomy was performed. An endo-GIA stapler was transanally used for colo-ileal anastomosis. She is doing well for the last five years. Case 2: A one-day-old boy admitted to the hospital with similar findings to his sister. Frozen biopsies during first laparotomy proved that majority of ileum and entire colon was aganglionic and a proximal ileostomy was performed. At 10 months of age, he underwent a similar Duhamel-Martin operation. He is in a good condition for the last four years. Conclusion: In infants, our modification on Duhamel-Martin procedure, which is based on the use of an endo-GIA stapler transanally for colo-ileal anastomosis without protective ileostomy, may be utilized as an alternative method in the definitive treatment of patients with TCA.

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