Burns

• Introduction 412 • Initial management checklist 416 • Initial management 418 • Assessing the burn patient 422 • Stabilizing the burn patient 426 • Surgical management of burns 428 Burns are systemic injuries, which result in significant morbidity and mortality. They present a major challenge, not only during the resuscitation phase, but also with later reconstruction. With burns of the face, a ...

The eye

Basic anatomy and physiology 314 History taking 320 Basic eye examination 322 Quick reference list 326 Vision-threatening injuries 328 Eyelid lumps 336 Foreign bodies 337 Sore and itchy eyes 337 Tear film insufficiency 338 Blepharitis 339 Contact lens related problems 340 Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) ...

Miscellaneous conditions

Airway obstruction 432 Foreign bodies (FBs) 434 Stridor 438 Epistaxis (non-traumatic) 439 Urticaria and angioedema 440 Dizzyness/'vertigo' 441 Sore throat 442 Drugs and dressings commonly used in head and neck surgery 444 The upper airway is at risk when the following findings are present: •...

Facial pain and palsy

Anatomy and physiology of pain 186 Anatomy and physiology of oro-facial pain 187 Oro-facial (idiopathic) pain syndromes 188 Overview of oro-facial pain 190 Assessment and measurement of pain 192 Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMJPDS) 196 Atypical facial pain 202 Trigeminal neuralgia ('tic douloureux') 204 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia 206...

Infections

• Sinusitis 62 • The swollen face—general considerations 64 • The acutely swollen face—fascial tissue spaces 66 • Clinical features of fascial space infections and indicators of severity 68 • Basic principles in the management of fascial space infections 69 • The acutely swollen neck ...

The mouth, lips, and teeth

Bleeding from the mouth 370 Bleeding gums (non-traumatic) 372 Dry socket 373 The acutely swollen mouth 374 Oral hygiene 375 Mucosal infections 376 White patches in the mouth 382 Red patches in the mouth 384 Pigmented lesions 386 Ulcers 388 Blisters—vesicles and bullae 390 Dental emergencies ...

First-aid measures

• General principles 56 • Local anaesthesia—general considerations 58 • Complications of local anaesthesia 60 Very often patients require some kind of first aid while they wait for further assessment or definitive treatment. Some of these measures are covered elsewhere in the relevant sections, but consider the following options....

General assessment and preliminary assessment following injuries

History taking and physical examination 2 The significance of the past medical, social, and drug history in assessing emergencies and admissions 8 Assessment of patients undergoing surgery 12 Assessing the elderly 18 Physical examination 20 Differential diagnosis of 'the swollen face' by region 24 Preliminary assessment of multiple-injured patients—general points ...

The ear

Applied anatomy 360 Otalgia ('earache') 362 Otorrhoea 362 Mastoiditis 364 Otitis media 365 Deafness 366 Dizzyness/'vertigo' 368 Tinnitus 368 Structurally there are three parts: • External ear: pinna, external auditory meatus (EAM), and tympanum. The skin on the outer part of the EAM contains hair follicles and wax-producing glands. These are absent on the inner part. The ear is a self-cleansing organ. Cotton buds should not be used—all they do is impact wax within the canal....

The neck

Penetrating injuries of the neck 134 The larynx—injuries 136 The larynx—loss of voice 138 Deep neck infections—general points and clinical anatomy 138 The acutely swollen neck 140 The cervical spine in the trauma patient 144 Lumps in the neck 160 Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) and aspiration ...