Other adult and larval cestodes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheelagh Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum ◽  
Direct Life Cycle

Adult Diphyllobothrium latum is acquired by consumption of raw fish by persons living around lakes/reservoirs/rivers. Hymenolepis nana can have a direct life cycle so eggs produced by adults in man are important in transfer between humans. The contribution of rodents and the indirect life cycle through arthropods need re-evaluation. Other minor adult cestode infections are described.Man can be an intermediate host for tissue metacestodes. Taenia multiceps and related species are that acquired from canids and produce a coenurus. Spirometra spp. pleurocercoids are acquired from copepod or reptile/amphibian/mammalian intermediate hosts. Other metacestode infections are very rare.

Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
B J Thakre ◽  
Joice P Joseph ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

Life cycle studies on two Digenea, Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) and Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae), in geckonid lizards from Indonesia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Kennedy ◽  
L. M. Killick ◽  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Pulmonate Gastropod ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

The Life-Cycle and Morphology of Stemmatostoma-Pearsoni, Gen Et Sp-Nov, With Notes on the Morphology of Telogaster-Opisthorchis Macfarlane (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Cribb
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Redial Generation ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Mother Sporocyst ◽  
First Intermediate Host ◽  
Prosobranch Snail

Stemmatostoma pearsoni, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the intestine of Leiopotherapon unicolor (Gunther) and Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner) in Queensland. Stemmatostoma is placed within the Neochasminae and is distinguished by its long oesophagus, compact ovary, short caeca, pre-ovarian vitellaria, simple gonotyl and funnel-shaped oral sucker. The diagnosis of the Neochasminae is emended excluding Parspina Pearse. Telogaster opisthorchis Macfarlane is recorded from the intestine of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner from Victoria. The spinose oral suckers of S. pearsoni and T. opisthorchis are capable of being retracted into tegumental pockets. It is postulated that this arrangement may be widespread amongst spinose cryptogonimids. The first intermediate host of S. pearsoni is Posticobia brazieri (Smith), a prosobranch snail. The second intermediate hosts are freshwater fish: Hypseleotris galii (Ogilby), H. compressus (Krefft), Mogurnda mogurnda (Richardson), M. adspersa (Castelnau), Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft), Gobiomorphus australis (Krefft), and Pseudomugil signifer Kner. Within the snail there is a mother sporocyst generation, a redial generation and a cercarial generation. Development of the mother sporocyst is similar to that described for other opisthorchioids. Cryptogonimid cercariae are characterized by 16 flame-cells, pre-vesicular penetration glands, dorso-ventral caudal finfolds and absence of body pigmentation. On the basis of cercarial and adult morphology it is proposed that Pseudexorchis Yamaguti be excluded from the Cryptogonimidae.

The development of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in its intermediate host Cypridopsis vidua in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Sousa Lourenço ◽  
Germán Augusto Murrieta Morey ◽  
José Celso de Oliveira Malta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cypridopsis Vidua

AbstractThe family Neoechinorhynchidae includes seven species ofNeoechinorhynchusfrom freshwater fishes of Brazil. Although severalNeoechinorhynchusspecies are cited infecting different fish species in Brazil, there is a lack of information concerning to their life cycle and the identification of the intermediate hosts. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the development ofNeoechinorhynchus buttneraein its intermediate host collected in a fish farm located in Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, Brazil. To verify the presence ofN. buttneraein the fish pond, twentyColossoma macropomumwere captured and analyzed, being corroborated the presence of this parasite species. Samples of plankton were also collected, finding the ostracodCypridopsis viduaas the intermediate host. For the description of the larvae development, a laboratory experimental procedure was conducted by feeding the collected ostracods with the eggs of the adult specimens taken from the sampled fish. To observe the stages of development an artificial hatch was performed. Every stage of development was photographed, measured, drawn and described. The time of development of the immature stages ofN. buttneraewas 29 days, reporting the stages: acanthor, acanthella (with eight developmental changes) and cystacanth. As high infections byN. buttneraecauses morphological damages to the intestine and may compromise the quality ofC. macropomumand in consequence the production of fish farmers in the Brazilian Amazon region, the knowledge of its intermediate host and the understanding of its life cycle represents a useful information to prevent and combat infections by this parasite.

Selection pressure towards monoxeny in Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) facing an intermediate host bottleneck situation

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. LEVSEN ◽  
P. J. JAKOBSEN
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Ornamental Fish Trade ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Camallanus Cotti ◽  
Fish Trade ◽  
Direct Life Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

This paper describes the ability of the Asian fish nematode Camallanuscotti to carry out both heteroxeny, i.e. an indirect life-cycle using copepods as intermediate host, and monoxeny, i.e. direct infection and development in the definitive fish host. C. cotti occurs naturally in various freshwater teleosts in Asia. During the past decades it has been disseminated into closed or semi-closed aquaculture systems and aquaria around the world, mainly due to the ornamental fish trade. Under such conditions the species may frequently face a bottleneck situation with regard to the availability of copepods. It is known that C. cotti may reproduce and persist in copepod-free aquaria for several months. In order to investigate whether C. cotti has selected towards monoxeny in water systems lacking copepods, in contrast to the opposite selection pressure when copepods are present, 2 separate infection trials were run. It was shown that the parasite can infect the fish host both indirectly via copepods, and directly. However, C. cotti has significantly higher fitness, expressed as survival to maturity, when transmitted indirectly compared to the direct transmission mode. We suggest that the ability of aquarium populations of C. cotti to carry out a direct life-cycle is favoured by selection in order to avoid extinction whenever copepods are absent. It still remains unknown, however, whether the parasite shows the same characteristics in the wild.

On the Experimental Transmission of Syngamus trachea from Starlings to Chickens

1935 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

In a previous paper (1934) it was shown that the life-cycle of S. trachea proceeds best when an intermediate host is involved. By means of Eisenia foetida, an annulate worm, it was possible to induce heavy and certain infestations of gapeworm in chickens with material obtained from the partridge, pheasant, rook and chicken. Other earthworms were shown to be possible intermediate hosts but this was found to be the best and most successful.

A study on the life-cycle and epidemiology of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi Baylis, 1927

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Taijing ◽  
Jin Zhehao ◽  
Wu Hui ◽  
Cui Chunquan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
New Host ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
New Host Records

ABSTRACTA study of the life-cycle and epidemiology of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi Baylis, 1927 is reported. Intermediate hosts are Tenebrio obscurus, T. molitor, Carpophilus dimidiatus and Tribolium castaneum. The first three species are new host records. Development in the intermediate host takes 1–1.5 months. The completion of the life-cycle takes 2–2.5 months. Surveys of intermediate hosts, pigs, humans and rats were carried out. In Rattus norvegicus, the prevalence was as high as 22%. Epidemiological factors and suggestions for control measures are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphological, Molecular, and Pathological Appraisal of Hymenolepis nana (Hymenolepididae) Infecting Laboratory Mice (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-362
Author(s):  
Ebtsam Al-Olayan ◽  
Maha Elamin ◽  
Eman Alshehri ◽  
Abeer Aloufi ◽  
Zainab Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cestode Parasite ◽  
Direct Life Cycle

AbstractHymenolepis nana, typically a parasite found in conventionally established mouse colonies, has zoonotic potential characterized by autoinfection and direct life cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of parasite infection in laboratory mice. The hymenolepidide cestode infected 40% of the 50 mice sampled. The rate of infection in males (52%) was higher than in females (28%). Morphological studies on the cestode parasite showed that worms had a globular scolex with four suckers, a retractable rostellum with 20–30 hooks, and a short unsegmented neck. In addition, the remaining strobila consisted of immature, mature, and gravid proglottids, irregularly alternating genital pores, lobulated ovaries, postovarian vitelline glands, and uteri with up to 200 eggs in their gravid proglottids. The parasite taxonomy was confirmed by using molecular characterization based on the sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOX1) gene. The parasite recovered was up to 80% identical to other species in GenBank. High blast scores and low divergence were noted between the isolated parasite and previously described H. nana (gb| AP017666.1). The phylogenetic analysis using the COX1 sequence places this hymenolepidid species of the order Cyclophyllidea.

An acanthocephalan parasite boosts the escape performance of its intermediate host facing non-host predators

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. MEDOC ◽  
J.-N. BEISEL
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Escape Performance ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Host Condition ◽  
Gammarus Roeseli ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Acanthocephalan Parasite

SUMMARYAmong the potential effects of parasitism on host condition, the ‘increased host abilities’ hypothesis is a counterintuitive pattern which might be predicted in complex-life-cycle parasites. In the case of trophic transmission, a parasite increasing its intermediate host's performance facing non-host predators improves its probability of transmission to an adequate, definitive host. In the present study, we investigated the cost of infection with the acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutuson the locomotor/escape performance of its intermediate host, the crustaceanGammarus roeseli. This parasite alters the behaviour of its intermediate host making it more vulnerable to predation by avian definitive hosts. We assessed the swimming speeds of gammarids using a stressful treatment and their escape abilities under predation pressure. Despite the encystment ofP. minutusin the abdomen of its intermediate host, infected amphipods had significantly higher swimming speeds than uninfected ones (increases of up to 35%). Furthermore, when interacting with the non-host crustacean predatorDikerogammarus villosus, the highest escape speeds and greatest distances covered by invertebrates were observed for parasitized animals. The altered behaviour observed among the manipulated invertebrates supported the ‘increased host abilities’ hypothesis, which has until now remained untested experimentally. The tactic of increasing the ability of infected intermediate hosts to evade potential predation attempts by non-host species is discussed.

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