A study on the life-cycle and epidemiology of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi Baylis, 1927

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Taijing ◽  
Jin Zhehao ◽  
Wu Hui ◽  
Cui Chunquan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
New Host ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
New Host Records

ABSTRACTA study of the life-cycle and epidemiology of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi Baylis, 1927 is reported. Intermediate hosts are Tenebrio obscurus, T. molitor, Carpophilus dimidiatus and Tribolium castaneum. The first three species are new host records. Development in the intermediate host takes 1–1.5 months. The completion of the life-cycle takes 2–2.5 months. Surveys of intermediate hosts, pigs, humans and rats were carried out. In Rattus norvegicus, the prevalence was as high as 22%. Epidemiological factors and suggestions for control measures are discussed.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

Life cycle studies on two Digenea, Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) and Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae), in geckonid lizards from Indonesia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Kennedy ◽  
L. M. Killick ◽  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Pulmonate Gastropod ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

The Life-Cycle and Morphology of Stemmatostoma-Pearsoni, Gen Et Sp-Nov, With Notes on the Morphology of Telogaster-Opisthorchis Macfarlane (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Cribb
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Redial Generation ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Mother Sporocyst ◽  
First Intermediate Host ◽  
Prosobranch Snail

Stemmatostoma pearsoni, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the intestine of Leiopotherapon unicolor (Gunther) and Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner) in Queensland. Stemmatostoma is placed within the Neochasminae and is distinguished by its long oesophagus, compact ovary, short caeca, pre-ovarian vitellaria, simple gonotyl and funnel-shaped oral sucker. The diagnosis of the Neochasminae is emended excluding Parspina Pearse. Telogaster opisthorchis Macfarlane is recorded from the intestine of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner from Victoria. The spinose oral suckers of S. pearsoni and T. opisthorchis are capable of being retracted into tegumental pockets. It is postulated that this arrangement may be widespread amongst spinose cryptogonimids. The first intermediate host of S. pearsoni is Posticobia brazieri (Smith), a prosobranch snail. The second intermediate hosts are freshwater fish: Hypseleotris galii (Ogilby), H. compressus (Krefft), Mogurnda mogurnda (Richardson), M. adspersa (Castelnau), Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft), Gobiomorphus australis (Krefft), and Pseudomugil signifer Kner. Within the snail there is a mother sporocyst generation, a redial generation and a cercarial generation. Development of the mother sporocyst is similar to that described for other opisthorchioids. Cryptogonimid cercariae are characterized by 16 flame-cells, pre-vesicular penetration glands, dorso-ventral caudal finfolds and absence of body pigmentation. On the basis of cercarial and adult morphology it is proposed that Pseudexorchis Yamaguti be excluded from the Cryptogonimidae.

Checklist of the parasites of the black-necked swan, Cygnus melanocoryphus (Aves: Anatidae), with new records from Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2637 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL GONZÁLEZ-ACUÑA ◽  
LUCILA MORENO ◽  
ARMANDO CICCHINO ◽  
SERGEY MIRONOV ◽  
MIKE KINSELLA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
New Host ◽  
Echinostoma Trivolvis ◽  
New Host Records

Black-necked swans (Cygnus melanocoryphus) are endemic to the southern cone of South America. Their range extends from Brazil and Paraguay south to Argentina and Chile. A total of 16 parasite species were collected from 7 swans from the Biobio region, Chile, of which 12 are new records for Chile and 11 represent new host records, Echinostoma trivolvis, Paranomostomum sp., Microsomacanthus sp., Nadejdolepis sp., Retinometra sp., Avioserpens sp., Capillaria skrjabini, Ingrassia cygni, Anatoecus penicillatus, A. icterodes and A. keymeri. A checklist is presented that summarizes sites of infections, localities, life cycles and their intermediate hosts (if known), and the pertinent references to demonstrate the wide diversity of parasites of black-necked swans. Our review of the existing literature (23 publications) along with our own records provided information on a total of 18 families and 27 genera, including 33 described species (some only identified to genus), of which 11 were recorded only in Chile (8 endoparasites and 3 ectoparasites), and 6 only in Argentina (4 endoparasites and 2 ectoparasites). Five parasites are known only from captive swans in European zoos. Parasites recorded from C. melanocoryphus include 23 helminths and 10 ectoparasites (one leech and 9 arthropods).

scholarly journals Cestodes of the genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 sensu stricto from pocket gophers Geomys and Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Colorado and Oregon, with a discriminant analysis of four species of Hymenolepis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Lyell Gardner ◽  
Gerald D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Geomys Bursarius

Cestodes found to represent previously undescribed members of the genus Hymenolepis s.str. (Yamaguti 1959) were recovered from pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius (Shaw), in northeastern Colorado. Hymenolepis weldensis n.sp. and Hymenolepis geomydis n.sp., not occurring together in any individual host, were found in 3 and 8%, respectively, of pocket gophers examined for helminths. The life cycle of H. weldensis was completed in the laboratory using beetles, Tenebrio molitor (L.), as intermediate hosts, and pocket gophers of three genera (Geomys, Thomomys, and Pappogeomys) as definitive hosts. Development of H. weldensis did not occur in laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout). Morphologic relationships four species of Hymenolepis (H. diminuta, H. tualatinensis, H. weldensis, and H. geomydis) were analyzed using multiple discriminant function analysis, which clearly allocated individual cestodes to the respective groups and discriminated species.

The development of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in its intermediate host Cypridopsis vidua in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Sousa Lourenço ◽  
Germán Augusto Murrieta Morey ◽  
José Celso de Oliveira Malta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cypridopsis Vidua

AbstractThe family Neoechinorhynchidae includes seven species ofNeoechinorhynchusfrom freshwater fishes of Brazil. Although severalNeoechinorhynchusspecies are cited infecting different fish species in Brazil, there is a lack of information concerning to their life cycle and the identification of the intermediate hosts. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the development ofNeoechinorhynchus buttneraein its intermediate host collected in a fish farm located in Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, Brazil. To verify the presence ofN. buttneraein the fish pond, twentyColossoma macropomumwere captured and analyzed, being corroborated the presence of this parasite species. Samples of plankton were also collected, finding the ostracodCypridopsis viduaas the intermediate host. For the description of the larvae development, a laboratory experimental procedure was conducted by feeding the collected ostracods with the eggs of the adult specimens taken from the sampled fish. To observe the stages of development an artificial hatch was performed. Every stage of development was photographed, measured, drawn and described. The time of development of the immature stages ofN. buttneraewas 29 days, reporting the stages: acanthor, acanthella (with eight developmental changes) and cystacanth. As high infections byN. buttneraecauses morphological damages to the intestine and may compromise the quality ofC. macropomumand in consequence the production of fish farmers in the Brazilian Amazon region, the knowledge of its intermediate host and the understanding of its life cycle represents a useful information to prevent and combat infections by this parasite.

The effect of Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites on activity levels in wild and hybrid Rattus norvegicus

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
In The Wild

Using both correlational and experimental evidence, the relationship between parasite load and host activity was assessed in brown rats, Rattus norvegicus. Two hypotheses were tested – (1) that parasites with indirect life-cycles, involving transmission between a prey and its predator, will alter the activity of the intermediate host so as to increase its susceptibility to predation by the definitive host and (2) that activity levels in parasitized rats would be increased rather than decreased. Four groups of rats (n = 140) were examined. One group (n = 50) were wild brown rats trapped from 3 UK farmsteads, with naturally occurring parasites. The others were purpose-bred wild/laboratory hybrid rats with experimentally induced parasitic infections of either (n = 15) adult-acquired or (n = 15) congenitally-acquired Toxoplasma gondii (an indirect life-cycle parasite), or (n = 15) Syphacia muris (a direct life-cycle parasite). Uninfected hybrid rats (n = 45), matched for sex, age and weight, served as controls. Rats were housed individually in outdoor cages, and their activities were recorded on video-tapes for 6 non-consecutive 10 h nights. Exercise wheels were also available for the hybrid rats. Out of 6 parasite species detected in the wild rats, T. gondii was the only one which required predation by a definitive host to complete its life-cycle, and was also the only parasite to be associated with higher activity levels in infected than uninfected rats. Hybrid rats infected with T. gondii were also more active than those uninfected, whereas there were no differences in activity levels between S. muris infected and uninfected rats. This study shows that the indirect life-cycle parasite T. gondii can influence the activity of its intermediate host the rat. I suggest that this may facilitate its transmission to the cat definitive host.

Checklist of the helminths of the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (Aves: Laridae), with new records from Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2297 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIOLA CERDA ◽  
JUANA LÓPEZ ◽  
RENÉ ORTEGA ◽  
CHRISTIAN MATHIEU ◽  
MIKE KINSELLA
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Records ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
New Host ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Far North ◽  
Kelp Gull ◽  
Larus Dominicanus ◽  
New Host Records

Kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) have a circumpolar distribution in the southern hemisphere. Their range extends as far north as Ecuador and they occur along the southern coast of South America and Africa as well as Australia, New Zealand and sub-Antarctic Islands. This study presents a checklist that summarizes sites of infections, localities, life cycles and their intermediate hosts (if known), and the pertinent references to demonstrate the wide diversity of kelp gull parasitic helminths. Our review of the existing literature (59 publications) on kelp gull parasites provided information on a total of 21 families and 49 genera, including 62 described species, of which 36 were described in Argentina, 21 in Chile, 12 in Antarctica, 11 in New Zealand, 7 in Brazil and 3 in South Africa. In addition, 11 parasites are recorded from Talcahuano, Chile, 10 of them are new records for Chile and 4 represented new host records, Aporchis sp., Maritrema eroliae, Microphallus nicolli and Tetrameres skrjabini.

On the Experimental Transmission of Syngamus trachea from Starlings to Chickens

1935 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

In a previous paper (1934) it was shown that the life-cycle of S. trachea proceeds best when an intermediate host is involved. By means of Eisenia foetida, an annulate worm, it was possible to induce heavy and certain infestations of gapeworm in chickens with material obtained from the partridge, pheasant, rook and chicken. Other earthworms were shown to be possible intermediate hosts but this was found to be the best and most successful.

Life-cycles of helminth parasites using Gammarus lacustris as an intermediate host in a Canadian lake

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
New Host ◽  
Gammarus Lacustris ◽  
Hook Formula ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Host Records

The systematics and life-cycles of the helminths of a local population of Gammarus lacustris in a eutrophic lake near Edmonton, Alberta, is reported as part of a larger study of the composition and seasonal dynamics of the helminth fauna of gammarids.A total of 12 species of helminths, including eight cestodes, one nematode and three acanthocephalans, were recovered. Of these, eleven were new host records, ten were assigned to an intermediate host species for the first time, and one, Hymenolepis albertensis sp.nov., was described for the first time.Adults of all twelve helminths were raised in experimentally infested birds and the life-cycles of five species (Lateriporus clerci, L. skrjabini, Hymenolepis albertensis sp.nov., Fimbriaria fasciolaris and Polymorphus marilis) were completed in the laboratory. The larvae are described, and the developmental period in the gammarids, prepatent period and life span of the adults are given for many of the helminths.The rate of development of the cysticercoids of Lateriporus skrjabini was shown to be directly related to the size of the gammarid and inversely related to the intensity of infestation.The proboscis-hook formula was not a good diagnostic character for the separation of the three acanthocephalans, Polymorphus contortus, P. marilis and P. paradoxus; however, the size of the largest hook and the structure of the cystacanth body-wall were good diagnostic characters.I am indebted to Dr J. C. Holmes for advice and encouragement at all stages of the study. I also wish to thank Drs S. Prudhoe and D. R. R. Burt for their editorial assistance, Mr L. Graham for many helpful suggestions and information on the natural definitive hosts of the species encountered, Mr R. Podesta for his laboratory assistance, and Miss E. D. Senio for caring for the ducklings during their first few days of life. The study was supported by the Francis F. Reeve Foundation Graduate Bursary, the Queen Elizabeth Education Scholarship Fund, by the Department of Zoology through a Teaching Assistantship, by a grant from the R. B. Miller Biological Station Fund and by an N.R.C. operating grant (A–1464) to Dr J. C. Holmes.

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