The mouth and salivary glands

2020 ◽  
pp. 2797-2827
Author(s):  
John Gibson ◽  
Douglas Robertson

Many systemic diseases are associated with oral symptoms or signs, hence thorough examination of the lips, gums, teeth, tongue, and oropharynx should be part of any complete physical examination of a patient. Dental caries, caused by bacterial action, is one of the commonest human diseases and a cause of considerable misery. Chronic periodontal disease is the most important cause of dental loss in adults. In addition to describing these conditions, this chapter also covers potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and oral cancer; viral, fungal, and bacterial infections; oral ulceration; oral manifestations of dermatological, gastroenterological, haematological, and multisystem disorders; orofacial pain syndromes; and salivary gland disorders.

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2440-2442
Author(s):  
Luana Andreea Macovei ◽  
V. Cristescu ◽  
Mihaela Debita ◽  
C. A. Dinu

Human body acts as a whole and this leads to an increased occurrence of oral manifestations during the onset and development of systemic diseases. Therefore, oral pathological manifestations play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases with osteoarticular involvement. General pathology has a strong impact on oral health which in turn is influenced by systemic factors. Oral manifestations can be used for making an early diagnosis of a serious condition that can be cured with appropriate therapy. Oral lesions can be explained by pathological processes and correlated with systemic diseases. When oral symptoms and signs are present, the disease is already in an advanced stage, due to the fact that the oral cavity is usually affected by a generalized disease. The mouth is part of the digestive system, but it has various symptoms caused by diseases located in other regions. 98 patients with oral manifestations of diseases with osteoarticular involvement were followed up in a private dental clinic from Iasi over a period of 3 years between June 2013 and July 2016. 47 patients were male (47.95%) and 51 were female (52.05%), aged between 18 and 65 years old, with a peak incidence between the ages of 45 and 60. The complex structure of the oral cavity was thoroughly explored (lips, lip mucosa, the corners of the mouth, gingival labial sulcus, oral vestibule, the internal face of the cheeks, the outer surface of gums, the floor and the ceiling of the oral cavity or the hard and the soft palate). The health status of the body is reflected by the health of the oral mucosa, which can be seen as a marker of various systemic diseases.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Vinayachandran ◽  
Sathasivasubramanian Sankarapandian

Several systemic diseases initially present with various oral manifestations. Investigation of these oral symptoms may at times lead to the diagnosis of grave underlying life-threatening conditions. We present one such case, where the patient manifested with gross enlargement of the mandible, along with lesions in the lower limbs. These lesions were the initial manifestation and on further investigations the patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma.


Author(s):  
ACIR JOSÉ DIRSCHNABEL ◽  
JANAINA PITT ◽  
FRANCIELLE KAFER ◽  
CAMILA PEZZINI ◽  
LEA MARIA FRANCESCHI DALLANORA ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vasudha Singh ◽  
Mudita Bhargava ◽  
Kachnar Varma ◽  
Vatsala Misra ◽  
Richa Singh

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Incidence of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very high in south Asian countries as compared to western population owing to a greater use of tobacco in these regions. While visual examination and exfoliative cytology are the most common screening and diagnostic modalities at present, it is a subjective analysis. Quantitative analyses such as nuclear size, cell size, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio may provide an accurate diagnosis and improve reproducibility. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of morphometry as a diagnostic adjunct to exfoliative cytology and to derive a significant cutoff to identify the population at risk for development of SCC among chronic tobacco users. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> This was an outpatient-based prospective study done in a tertiary hospital over a period of 2 years. Hundred and fifty cases with a history of chronic tobacco use for a minimum period of 5 years were evaluated. Visual inspection using acetic acid was done. Oral scrapes were taken for cytological and morphometric analysis followed by incision biopsy for histopathological evaluation, wherever possible. <b><i>Results:</i></b> On morphometrical analysis, mean nuclear area and nuclear:cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio increased, while the cytoplasmic area decreased from smears with normal cytology to oral dysplasia to SCC. Analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s honest significant difference test showed a statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (<i>p</i> value &#x3c;0.05). A cutoff value for a significant N:C ratio was calculated as ≥0.08 using Youden’s index with a sensitivity and a specificity of 88% and 94%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In high-risk cases, morphometry can be a useful adjunct to exfoliative cytology and visual examination for an early and accurate diagnosis and timely intervention in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions, thereby improving the prognosis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 1784-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José de Castro López ◽  
Laura Illade Quinteiro ◽  
Federico Martinón Torres ◽  
Juan Manuel Cutrín Prieto

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E. Scott ◽  
Elizabeth A. Grunfeld ◽  
Vivian Auyeung ◽  
Mark McGurk

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Navone ◽  
Monica Pentenero ◽  
Isabella Rostan ◽  
Paola Burlo ◽  
Andrea Marsico ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
BhagyalaxmiPraveen Hongal ◽  
VenkateshV Kulkarni ◽  
PriyaShirish Joshi ◽  
PrasadPrakash Karande ◽  
AdilS Shroff ◽  
...  

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