Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nitrate Nanoparticle and Its Application in Endodontics and Dentistry: A Review of Literature

Background. The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are the most acceptable and excellent nanotechnology-based product among all metallic nanoparticles (noble metals). They are novel in terms of good conductivity, catalytic, chemical stability, and most significant anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Aim. This review is aimed at understanding the synthesis, mechanism, and applications of Ag NPs in dentistry and their qualities to aid clinicians and researchers. Materials and Methods. A electronic search for literature was performed on the Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for related articles using multiple keywords. The keywords used were antimicrobial properties, mechanism of action, and current uses of Ag NPs in dentistry. The search was limited to articles published in the English language; no deadline was set for publications. Results. About 185 articles were considered relevant to the reported research out of 6420 electronic search results. Only the publications that were required were received after all abstracts were assessed for relevance. After a final electronic and manual search, roughly 47 research publications were found to be helpful in this study. Conclusion. The Ag NPs, unlike other biomaterials used in dentistry, have unique biological features and could be used in endodontics, restorative dentistry, periodontology, prosthetic dentistry, implantology, and oral malignancies, because of their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral effects.

Lung carcinoma presenting as bilateral metastases in the mandibular gingivae: a case report and literature review

This case report describes the rare presentation of lung carcinoma as bilateral masses affecting the mandibular gingivae. Although metastatic disease to the mouth is rare, accounting for only 1% of oral malignancies, it is essential to ensure that the presence of cancer is included in any differential diagnosis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: All oral abnormalities persisting for longer than 3 weeks should be referred urgently for specialist assessment and biopsy.

A Large Oral Melanoma: A Case Report of a Rare but Aggressive Malignancy

A variety of black-pigmented lesions of the oral cavity can be found, ranging from harmless benign lesions such as melanotic macule, smoker’s melanosis, amalgam/graphite tattoos, and pigmented nevus to a life-threatening oral malignant melanoma. Oral melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes’ proliferation and accounts for only 0.5% of all oral malignancies. The etiology is unknown. Most oral melanomas are present at the palate and the upper alveolar ridge, whereas occurrences at the buccal mucosa, the lower alveolar ridge, and the lip are rare, with only a few reports in the literature. The diagnosis is confirmed by a biopsy. The prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of ~20%. In this report, we present a case of large oral melanoma at the right buccal mucosa involving the right lower alveolar ridge and lip commissure, which are relatively unusual locations for oral melanoma. In addition, immunohistochemical markers used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic decision-making of oral melanoma are also discussed.

Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Oral Cancers reported at Dental Facility: Assessing the Utility of FFPE tissues

Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oral cancers is on the rise. However, epidemiological data of this subset of cancers is limited. Dental hospital pose a unique advantage in detection of HPV-positive oral malignancies. We assessed the utility of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which are readily available, for evaluation of high-risk HPV infection in oral cancer. For protocol standardization, we used 20 prospectively-collected, paired FFPE and fresh tissues of histopathologically-confirmed oral cancer cases reported in Oral Medicine department of a dental hospital for comparative study. Only short-PCRs (~200bp) of DNA isolated using a modified xylene-free method displayed a concordant HPV result. For HPV analysis, we used additional 30 retrospectively-collected FFPE tissues. DNA isolated from these specimens showed an overall 23.4% (11/47) HPV positivity with detection of HPV18. Comparison of HPV positivity from dental hospital FFPE-specimens with overall HPV positivity of freshly-collected oral cancer specimens (n-55) from three cancer care hospitals of the same region showed notable difference (12.7%; 7/55). Further, cancer hospital specimens showed HPV16 positivity and displayed a characteristic difference in reported sub-sites and patient spectrum. Overall, using a xylene-free FFPE-DNA isolation method clubbed with short amplicon PCR, we showed detection of HPV-positive oral cancer in dental hospitals.

ONCOCYTIC (HURTHLE CELL) THYROID CARCINOMA METASTASIS TO MANDIBLE: A RARE CASE REPORT

Introduction: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) accounts for ~10% of thyroid malignancies. Of all the oral malignancies only about 1% are metastases to the oral cavity. Focal oncocytic trans-differentiation results in neoplasia consisting predominantly of hurthle cells that can represent benign Hurthle cell adenoma or malignant Hurthle cell carcinoma. A 60 Case report: year female with complaint of left mandibular swelling came to opd, on CT it reveals lytic hyperenhancing solid expansile soft tissue lesion is seen in posterior body and ramus of mandible on left side, measuring 3.2*2.0*2.5 cms. In conclusion, fac Discussion: ial skeleton metastasis of thyroid malignancy is very rare. Most advantageous option in regards to treatment is surgical resection followed by radio-iodine therapy.

India as “The Oral Cancer Capital of the World”: The Rising Burden of Oral Malignancies across the Nation

India is a global epicenter of oral cancer patients and the magnitude of the problem is ever increasing day by day. There is excess burden of oral malignancies all over the country and the risk factors associated with the disease are at its peak. Addressing the disease which is quite like an epidemic is a great challenge and major public health issue in India. This review paper discusses the burden of the disease, its top risk factors in India including the use of tobacco, alcohol, areca nut and HPV infections; and methods for prevention and control of oral cancer in India. Keywords: Oral cancer, Burden, Risk factors, Tobacco, Alcohol, Areca nut, HPV, Prevention.

Oro-facial malignancy in north of Iraq: a retrospective study of biopsied cases

Background Identifying the prevalence of orofacial malignancies is essential to provide health-care programs and services for a specific population. This study aimed to specify the prevalence, clinical and histopathological features of oral malignancies in Sulaimani for over 12 years. Methods All archived reports for orofacial specimens from 2008 to 2019 were collected from three major centers in Sulaimani governorate. The demographic data, date, type of surgery, lesion's site, and diagnosis were recorded. The ICD-10 coding was specified for each case. A Chi-square test was used to assess differences between genders. A one-way ANOVA test was applied to analyze the differences in mean age distributions among different sites of oral malignancies and oral squamous cell carcinoma histopathological grades. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Orofacial malignant lesions account for 14.53% of the total sample. Patients' mean age was (55.46 ± 18.48) years, and they were predominantly males (M: F ratio = 1.15:1). The tongue was the frequently affected site (14.8%). A Chi-square test showed no significant difference between genders concerning age (P = 0.118), years of registration (P = 0.28), and site (P = 0.29). The C06 (represents; cheek mucosa C06.0, the vestibule of mouth C06.1, retromolar area C06.2, and other unspecified parts of mouth C06.8) was the most frequent topographical ICD-code (18.1%). Carcinoma was a frequent malignancy (63.2%). OSCC was the most common lesion (56.4%). It commonly affects males, and the tongue was the frequent site (24.1%) followed by lip (17.8%). Conclusions There is a slight increase in the registered oral malignancies in Sulaimani city over 12 years; they were predominated in males, in 61–70 years old patients, and being oral squamous cell carcinoma types.

Oral Cavity as the Seat of Oncohematological Diseases: Extramedullary Plasmacytoma on the Subject of Two Cases

Malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity largely (90%) consist of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the lining mucosa. The remaining 10% of oral malignancies from a heterogeneous group of tumors of different etiology. We present two cases of oncohematological pathology: Multiple Myeloma