Metabolic response to insult

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Response To Stress

This chapter describes metabolic response to insult as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the control of energy production, and the metabolic response to stress including injury, infection, infarction, temperature, and burns. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

Estimation of anaerobic energy production and efficiency in rats during exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
C. M. Donovan ◽  
T. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
External Work ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Lactate Turnover ◽  
Anaerobic Energy

o assess the effects of gradient and running speed on efficiency of exercise, and to evaluate contributions of oxidative and anaerobic energy production (Ean) during locomotion, two sets of experiments were performed. The caloric expenditures of rats were determined from O2 consumption (VO2) while they ran at three speeds (13.4, 26.8, and 43.1 m/min) on five grades (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). In addition, lactate turnover (LaT) and oxidation (Laox) were determined on rats at rest or during running at 13.4 and 26.8 m/min on 1% grade, respectively. Lactate production not represented in the VO2 (i.e., Ean) was calculated from the LaT not accounted for by oxidation [(LaT an) = LaT-Laox)]. The Ean was calculated as: Ean = [LaT an(mumol/min)] [1.38 ATP/La] [11 mcal/mumol ATP]. Gross efficiency of exercise (the caloric equivalent of external work/caloric equivalent of VO2 X 100) ranged from 1.7 to 4.5%. Apparent efficiency (the inverse of the regression of caloric equivalent of VO2 on the caloric equivalent of work X 100) ranged from 20.5 to 26.4% and reflected the metabolic response of rats to applied external work. The contribution of Ean to total energy turnover ranged from 1.6% at rest to 0.8% during running at 13.4 m/min on a 1% grade. Despite active LaT during steady-state exercise, Ean contributes insignificantly to total energy transduction, because over 70% of the lactate produced is removed through oxidation. VO2 adequately represents metabolism under these conditions.

A system model of the metabolic response to stress

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carta Atkinson ◽  
John H. Milsum
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
System Model ◽  
Response To Stress

scholarly journals The quantum mitochondrion and optimal health

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair V.W. Nunn ◽  
Geoffrey W. Guy ◽  
Jimmy D. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Emergent Behaviour ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Will Self ◽  
Selection Of

A sufficiently complex set of molecules, if subject to perturbation, will self-organize and show emergent behaviour. If such a system can take on information it will become subject to natural selection. This could explain how self-replicating molecules evolved into life and how intelligence arose. A pivotal step in this evolutionary process was of course the emergence of the eukaryote and the advent of the mitochondrion, which both enhanced energy production per cell and increased the ability to process, store and utilize information. Recent research suggest that from its inception life embraced quantum effects such as ‘tunnelling’ and ‘coherence’ while competition and stressful conditions provided a constant driver for natural selection. We believe that the biphasic adaptive response to stress described by hormesis–a process that captures information to enable adaptability, is central to this whole process. Critically, hormesis could improve mitochondrial quantum efficiency, improving the ATP/ROS ratio, whereas inflammation, which is tightly associated with the aging process, might do the opposite. This all suggests that to achieve optimal health and healthy aging, one has to sufficiently stress the system to ensure peak mitochondrial function, which itself could reflect selection of optimum efficiency at the quantum level.

Metabolic Response to Stress

2005 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia ◽  
Carolina Trancoso de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Response To Stress

scholarly journals Metabolic Response to Stress by the Immature Right Ventricle Exposed to Chronic Pressure Overload

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Kajimoto ◽  
Muhammad Nuri ◽  
Nancy G. Isern ◽  
Isabelle Robillard‐Frayne ◽  
Christine Des Rosiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Response To Stress

Nutrition and the neurosurgical patient

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Gadisseux ◽  
John D. Ward ◽  
Harold F. Young ◽  
Donald P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Neurosurgical Patient ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Fine Print

✓ There has been a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of nutrition and metabolism with regard to the general surgical patient. However, only recently has there been greater appreciation of the benefits of adequate nutrition and appropriate metabolic care of the neurosurgical patient. In this review, the authors attempt to outline 1) the metabolic response to stress in general, and how it applies to the neurosurgical patient; 2) how best to provide adequate nutritional support for the neurosurgical patient; 3) the effects of nutrition on neurotransmitters; and 4) the effect of diet and nutrition on patients with malignant brain tumors.

A molecular approach to the concerted action of kinases involved in energy homoeostasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Neumann ◽  
U. Schlattner ◽  
T. Wallimann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Adenylate Kinase ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Downstream Processes ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

One of the most important duties of a cell is energy homoeostasis. Several kinases, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), creatine kinase and adenylate kinase, are involved in the immediate response to stress, resulting in energy depletion. Here, we present our view of events preceding the downstream processes mediated by AMPK and leading to reduced energy expenditure and increased energy production. Unfortunately, AMPK is very poorly defined at the molecular level. Thus a procedure for production of AMPK in milligram amounts is presented which will greatly facilitate the functional and structural characterization of this protein kinase.

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