Aids to diagnosis

2018 ◽  
pp. 977-1008
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses

‘Aids to diagnosis’ provides the reader with tools that will assist in identifying differential diagnoses according to either the clinical presentation or the clinical sign.

Aids to diagnosis

2014 ◽  
pp. 871-902
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses

‘Aids to diagnosis’ provides the reader with tools that will assist in identifying differential diagnoses according to either clinical presentation or clinical sign.

scholarly journals Practice Current: When do you suspect autoimmune encephalitis and what is the role of antibody testing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Ganesh ◽  
Sarah F. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Case Based

Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is complicated by several factors, including issues with availability, sensitivity, and specificity of antibody testing, particularly with variability in assay techniques and new antibodies being rapidly identified; nonspecific findings on MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture; and competing differential diagnoses. Through case-based discussions with 3 experts from 3 continents, this article discusses the challenges of AE diagnosis, important clinical characteristics of AE, preferences for methods of autoantibody testing and interpretation, and treatment-related questions. In particular, we explore the following question: If a patient's clinical presentation seems consistent with AE but antibody testing is negative, can one still diagnose the patient with AE? Furthermore, what factors does one consider when making this determination, and should treatment proceed independent of antibody testing in suspected cases? The same case-based questions were posed to the rest of our readership in an online survey, the results of which are also presented.

Early onset systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnoses, clinical presentation, and treatment options

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Michael Hedrich ◽  
Hildegard Zappel ◽  
Simon Straub ◽  
Martin W. Laass ◽  
Kathrin Wieczorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Thymic Cyst Appearing in the Neck on Valsalva: Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor V. Hegde ◽  
P. Suneetha ◽  
P. V. Pradeep ◽  
Panil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Thymic Cyst ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Thymic Cysts

Thymic cysts are usually diagnosed accidentally during radiological evaluation of the chest for unrelated conditions. Symptoms appear late when the mass compresses on adjoining tissues. We report an unusual case of asymptomatic mediastinal thymic cyst which was seen in the neck whenever the patient was asked to perform Valsalva maneuver. This case is being reported for the unusual clinical presentation of a rare disease. The role of imaging in the diagnosis and common differential diagnoses are also discussed.

Imaging of Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-056
Author(s):  
Sinan Al-Qassab ◽  
Radhesh Lalam ◽  
Rajesh Botchu ◽  
Alberto Bazzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Imaging Feature ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions

AbstractLumps and bumps are frequently seen in children, and the vast majority are a result of trauma, infection, or inflammation. True soft tissue neoplastic lesions are rare; however, their wide and complex classifications make these lesions challenging to manage. Imaging features are usually nonspecific, and a reasonable list of differential diagnoses can be generated following consideration of the clinical presentation, age, and anatomical location of the lesion. In this article, we offer a practical approach to diagnosing such lesions by discussing the most common three benign and malignant lesions in different anatomical regions stratified by age with emphasis on certain features that might aid in the diagnosis such as depth, multiplicity, calcification, or other specific imaging feature.

Autoimmunity in gastrointestinal disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Gavin Spickett
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Sclerosing Mesenteritis ◽  
Autoimmune Enteropathy ◽  
Irritable Bowel

This chapter covers issues of autoimmunity in gastrointestinal disease. It features the clinical presentation, immunology, and testing for diagnosis and management. It features autoimmune enteropathy, achalasia, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, Whipple’s disease, Coeliac disease, sclerosing mesenteritis, pancreatitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Differential diagnoses are also highlighted where appropriate.

Pyoderma gangrenosum involving the foot. A case report

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kashefsky ◽  
E Callahan ◽  
UC Ruder ◽  
PJ Grisafi ◽  
MP Dellacorte
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pyoderma Gangrenosum ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Classic Case ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare and destructive inflammatory skin disease. The authors present a report of a patient with a classic case of pyoderma gangrenosum involving the foot. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical presentation and progression of the disease after differential diagnoses of common conditions were excluded. A brief overview of the disease process, its treatment, and its correlation with ulcerative colitis is provided.

Clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Annette van der Helm-van Mil
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Over Time

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is based on a combination of symptoms, signs, and investigation results. As such, it is mainly based on pattern recognition. Classification criteria are not developed to make accurate diagnoses in individual patients, but for the primary purpose of defining homogeneous disease groups for scientific studies. The RA classification criteria have changed over time. This chapter discusses the process of diagnosing RA, the range of clinical characteristics that contribute to this process, its relationship with evolving classification criteria for the condition, and important differential diagnoses. Current recommendations encourage early recognition of arthritis and RA. Since clinical presentation may differ with disease stage, this chapter will also review how the RA phenotype changes as prearthritis progresses to early undifferentiated arthritis and established RA.

Acral Fibrokeratoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyane E. Tower ◽  
Jeffrey R. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Second Toe

Acral fibrokeratoma is a rare soft-tissue mass, more commonly found on the hands and rarely on the feet. This case report of a 40-year-old Hispanic man highlights an unusually located acral fibrokeratoma on the second toe, describes the clinical presentation and microscopic and pathologic findings, discusses differential diagnoses, and presents treatment options.

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