Neurological investigations

Many neurological conditions are complex and can be difficult to diagnose, commonly occurring symptoms can be applicable to multiple disease processes and can mimic other non-neurological conditions. Delays in treatment can be attributed to the myriad of tests, examinations, and investigation necessitated to obtain an accurate diagnosis. A basic knowledge of the possible investigation, the pre- and post-procedure nursing care, and the psychological support required while undergoing investigations is important.

Author(s):  
Andrew Graham

Dementia in old age is usually due to Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, or mixed pathology. Dementia due to other neurological disorders is uncommon, but important to recognise because management may be very different to that in primary or vascular dementia. This chapter surveys five neurological conditions that may present with dementia in later life: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH); Huntington’s disease (HD); multiple sclerosis (MS); autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE); and prion disease. For each disorder the epidemiology, clinical features, investigations & treatment are reviewed, with examples of the characteristic brain imaging changes. Accurate diagnosis of these conditions can be challenging even for physicians with a special interest in dementia, and often requires a neurological referral.


2021 ◽  

What is the subject of qualitatively oriented nursing research? Which methods are suitable for its documentation? And what methodological questions and problems arise from it? This book provides initial potential answers to these questions generated by research. It presents and discusses central research approaches in an overview and, above all, on the basis of current concrete projects. This critical stocktaking is integrated into a heuristic framework model consisting of nine fields of conflicting interest that are specific to nursing care, for whose analysis qualitative methodological approaches are particularly suitable. This book is primarily intended for researchers and those interested in research who already have a basic knowledge of methodology. With contributions by Peter Alheit, Jonas Barth, Helma Bleses, Herrmann Brandenburg, Matthias Dammert, Anne Dierkes, Paul Eisewicht, Hendrik Grassme, Sabine Hartmann-Dörpinghaus, Heidrun Herzberg, Dieter Heitmann, Ronald Hitzler, Ulrike Höhmann, Mara Kaiser, Christiane Knecht, Helen Kohlen, Ingrid Kollak, Gesa Lindemann, Andrea Newerla, Sabine Nover, Pao Nowodworski, Ilknur Özer-Erdogdu, Birgit Panke-Kochinke, Jo Reichertz, Yvonne Reuß, Rudolf Schmitt, Erika Sirsch, Anna Steinacker, Renate Stemmer, Dorothee Spürk, Katrin Schrooten, Hürrem Tezcan-Güntekin, Karin Tiesmeyer, Frank Weidner and Milena von Kutzleben.


Author(s):  
Ana Paula Régis ◽  
Giovana Cristina Dalla Rosa ◽  
Tatiana Lunelli

Trata-se de uma pesquisa envolvendo os cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo e à angioplastia. Objetivou-se caracterizar os cuidados priorizados pelos enfermeiros da hemodinâmica. O estudo, que empregou o método quanti-qualitativo, explana as complicações, os riscos e os diagnósticos de enfermagem possíveis. Para sistematizar as duzentas e três respostas dos cinco enfermeiros questionados, as pesquisadoras elaboraram um check list, baseando-se nas etapas do processo de enfermagem. Os cuidados foram divididos em pré, trans e pós-procedimento e abrangeram desde checar a história alérgica do paciente até orientações de alta. As respostas dos enfermeiros possibilitaram à confirmação de alguns riscos, por exemplo, já apresentados na teoria, tais como hematoma e reestenose; além disso, outros não revelados nas literaturas utilizadas e que indicam a necessidade de novos estudos. Adequou-se a aplicação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem através de um instrumento organizado de trabalho, conforme a realidade e a prática profissional.Descritores: Cuidados de Enfermagem, Cateterismo Cardíaco, Angioplastia Coronariana. Care of nursing in cardiac catheterism and coronary angioplasty: development of an instrumentAbstract: This is a research involving nursing care for patients undergoing catheterization and angioplasty. The objective was to characterize the care prioritized by the hemodynamics nurses. The study, which used the quantitative-qualitative method, explains the complications, risks and possible nursing diagnoses. To systematize the two hundred and three answers of the five nurses questioned, the researchers elaborated a checklist, based on the stages of the nursing process. Care was divided into pre, trans and post-procedure, ranging from checking the patient's allergic history to discharge guidelines. The nurses' answers allowed the confirmation of some risks, for example, already presented in theory, such o hematoma and restenosis; in addition, others not revealed in the literature used and indicate the need for further studies. The application of the systematization of nursing care through an organized work instrument was adapted according to the reality and the professional practice.Descriptors: Nursing Care, Cardiac Catheterization, Coronary Angioplasty. Cuidados de enfermería en el cateterismo cardíaco y angioplastia coronariana: desarrollo de un instrumentoResumen: Se trata de una investigación que involucra los cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes sometidos al cateterismo ya la angioplastia. Se objetivó caracterizar los cuidados priorizados por los enfermeros de la hemodinámica. El estudio, que empleó el método cuantitativo, explora las complicaciones, los riesgos y los diagnósticos de enfermería posibles. Para sistematizar las doscientas tres respuestas de los cinco enfermeros cuestionados, las investigadoras elaboraron una lista de verificación, basándose en las etapas del proceso de enfermería. Los cuidados se dividieron en pre, trans y post-procedimiento y abarcar desde chequear la historia alérgica del paciente hasta orientaciones de alta. Las respuestas de los enfermeros posibilitaron la confirmación de algunos riesgos, por ejemplo, ya presentados en la teoría, tales como hematoma y reestenosis; Además, otros no revelados en las literaturas utilizadas y que indican la necesidad de nuevos estudios. Se adquiere la aplicación de la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería a través de un instrumento organizado de trabajo, conforme a la realidad ya la práctica profesional.Descriptores: Cuidados de Enfermeira, Cateterismo Cardíaco, Angioplastia Coronaria.


2009 ◽  
pp. 156-203
Author(s):  
Anne Thomson ◽  
Carole Ferguson ◽  
Richard Warner ◽  
George Kernohan ◽  
Felicity Hasson ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Fiona Creed

This chapter explores neurological acute care and includes discussion of normal physiology and physiological changes following illness and injury. In order to understand how to assess and manage the patient with neurological conditions it is essential to have an understanding of the structure and function of the brain and how injury/illness can affect this. Additionally, the chapter explains the importance of accurate and timely neurological assessment and specific nursing care of patients with neurological injury. It emphasizes the need for prompt intervention and appropriate escalation if patients exhibit signs of deterioration. Common neurological conditions of stroke, head injury, and epilepsy are discussed.


1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Motyka ◽  
Helena Motyka ◽  
Romana Wsołek

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Francesca Pistoia ◽  
Antonio Carolei

Disorders of consciousness and locked-in syndrome are two completely different neurological conditions which share unresponsiveness or minimal responsiveness at an observable behavioral level. The key element of disorders of consciousness is the loss of self- and environmental awareness, while the main feature of locked-in syndrome is extreme motor entrapment despite preserved awareness. In both cases accurate diagnosis may come late and patients are at risk of being wrongly diagnosed and missing out on appropriate rehabilitative opportunities. Clinical assessment alone often does not suffice in establishing the correct diagnosis and prognosis. The contribution of advanced neuroimaging techniques is essential in order to properly recognize patients’ conditions and formulate a tailored rehabilitative approach. Neuroimaging findings are also crucial in identifying the neuropathological substrate of the disorders: they contribute to elucidating the dynamics of cortical-subcortical networks in disorders of consciousness and the neural correlates of recently reported non-motor symptoms in locked-in syndrome.


2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wilson, ◽  
Gayle L. Casterline,

The medical approach to performing a cardiac catheterization is changing from femoral artery to radial artery access. This technique radically changes patient recovery, as patients can sit up immediately following the procedure, ambulate almost immediately post procedure, and may recover in their street clothes. Nursing care and the healing environment was reframed using Watson’s (2008) theory of human caring to enhance patient outcomes and to improve nursing quality indicators for patients undergoing a transradial catheterization and recovery. The design of a radial recovery lounge or cath café was undertaken using a theory-guided nursing approach to create a holistic caring-healing environment.


BIBECHANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Heera KC ◽  
Sharmila Shrestha ◽  
Ramananda Chaudhary ◽  
Tara Shah ◽  
Surya B Parajuli

Introduction: Nursing care is necessary for every client seeking any type of healthcare such as health promotion, diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Despite these facts, nurses are given less importance and their works are even unrecognized. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore nursing care provided to inpatients of medical ward at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Methodology: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in medical ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan from Feb 2017 to Oct 2018. Data were retrieved from inpatient admission record book of medical ward of previous 15 months from the initiation of this research work. Admission record book was reviewed and checked for completeness of the record. A total of 290 patients having complete records were enrolled. Collected data were entered in Microsoft excel and analysed by SPSS software. Results: More than half patients (52.8%) were male and 44.8% belonged to Janajati ethnicity. The major age group was 15-25 years (17.9%) with mean and standard deviation of 49.4±20.6. About 28.6 % of the patients were admitted due to cardiovascular related problems and poisoning (13.1%). Most of the patients (67%) were admitted from emergency. Median duration of stay was 4 days. Every 8 out of 10 patients were recovered and discharged. General nursing care provided were maintenance of personal hygiene (91.03%), cannula site care (49.7%), providing psychological support (41%), ambulation (8.3%), back care (7.6%), catheter care(6.9%), passive exercise (2.4%), chest physiotherapy(3.7%), sponge bath(9.3%). Specific care provided were  propped-up positioning (36.2%), 2 hourly position change (23.4%), random blood sugar monitoring (12.4%), SpO2monitoring (8.9%), watch for oxygen toxicity (9.3%), weight monitoring (3.1%) and pre CAG (coronary angiography) care(2.1%). Conclusion: Maintenance of personal hygiene, cannula site care, psychological support, two hourly positioning and oral care were the common practices performed.BIBECHANA  16 (2019) 204-212


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