Radiation pneumonitis

2010 ◽  
pp. 3458-3460
Author(s):  
S.J. Bourke ◽  
D.J. Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Radiation Pneumonitis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes

The lungs can be injured by radiation used in cancer treatment, with the rapidly dividing endothelial cells and type II pneumocytes most affected. Immediate injury is followed by an inflammatory response and at a later stage by fibrosis. Chest radiography reveals asymptomatic changes in about 50% of patients after radiotherapy. ...

Radiation pneumonitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 4271-4272
Author(s):  
S. J. Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Radiation Pneumonitis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes

The lungs can be injured by radiation used in the treatment of cancer, with the rapidly dividing endothelial cells and type II pneumocytes most affected. Immediate injury is followed by an inflammatory response and at a later stage by fibrosis. Chest radiography detects asymptomatic changes in about 50% of patients after radiotherapy. Acute radiation pneumonitis presents with cough, breathlessness, and fever about 2 months after exposure; corticosteroids are usually effective in relieving symptoms but do not prevent the subsequent development of fibrosis. Fibrosis typically develops about 6 months later, may progress for 6–24 months, but has usually stabilized by 2 years. Prevention depends on refining techniques for giving radiotherapy.

scholarly journals D-4F, an Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide, Inhibits the Inflammatory Response Induced by Influenza A Infection of Human Type II Pneumocytes

Circulation ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 110 (20) ◽  
pp. 3252-3258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Van Lenten ◽  
Alan C. Wagner ◽  
Mohamad Navab ◽  
G.M. Anantharamaiah ◽  
Eric Ka-Wai Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mimetic Peptide ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes

Cytochemical localization of Na+-K+-ATPase in rat type II pneumocytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1584-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schneeberger ◽  
K. M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Ultrastructural Cytochemistry ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Side

The distribution of sodium-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) in the alveolar portion of rat lungs was examined by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of a mouse monoclonal anti-rat Na+-K+-ATPase and by ultrastructural cytochemistry using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. The reaction was inhibitable by 10 mM ouabain or by the omission of K+ from the reaction mixture. Cysteine or levamisole was used to inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity. By immunofluorescence, staining was confined to cuboidal cells in alveolar spaces. These were tentatively identified as type II pneumocytes. By ultrastructural cytochemistry reaction product was present on the cytoplasmic side of the basolateral membranes of type II pneumocytes. No reaction product was observed in type I pneumocytes or in endothelium. These results indicate that type II pneumocytes contain more Na+-K+-ATPase, an enzyme important in vectorial electrolyte transport, than type I pneumocytes or endothelial cells. More sensitive methods, however, are required to determine the amounts and distribution of this enzyme in type I pneumocytes and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.

The Identification of Phospholipid Micelles in Glutaraldehyde-Urea Embedded Tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Phospholipid Micelles ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Polar Water

It is reasonable to think that phospholipid micelles should be visible and identifiable in electron micrographs of ultrathin sections if only they can be preserved throughout the embedding process. The development of highly polar, water-containing, aminoplastic embedments has made this a likely possibility. With this in mind, an investigation of the lecithin-secreting, Type II pneumocytes of the lung is underway.Initially it has been easiest to recognize phospholipid micelles in lung tissue fixed first with glutaraldehyde, and then secondarily exposed to osmium tetroxide. However, the latter is not a necessary concomitant for micellar preservation. Conventional uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining is finally applied. Importantly, though, the micelles have been most easily seen in tissue embedded in 507. glutaraldehyde polymerized with urea, as described in detail by D.C. Pease and R.G. Peterson (J. Ultra- struct. Res., 41, 133, 1972). When oriented appropriately, the micellar units are seen as tiny, bilayer plates.

Flow cytometric identification and isolation of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes after partial pneumonectomy

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. C528-C536 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Uhal ◽  
S. R. Rannels ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
The Right

Type II pneumocytes were isolated by either Percoll density gradient centrifugation or by immunoglobulin G (IgG) panning from the lungs of normal rats and the right lung of rats subjected to left pneumonectomy. Cells were studied at 7- (pnx-7) and 15- (pnx-15) days postoperative, times during and after, respectively, rapid compensatory growth of the right lung. Acridine orange staining permitted resolution of type II cells from contaminants on the basis of high red fluorescence (greater than 590 nm). Simultaneous measurement of forward-angle light scatter (FALS) suggested a shift of pnx-7 cells toward greater size, which was reversed in pnx-15 cells. By Percoll gradient isolation, approximately 15% of pnx-7 cells analyzed were above the mean FALS of control cells. In contrast, approximately 30% of the pnx-7 cells isolated by IgG panning were above the mean FALS of corresponding control cells. Biochemical analyses of pnx-7 cells separated by cell sorting into "high FALS" and "low FALS" subgroups revealed that high FALS type II cells contained 50% more protein (P less than 0.05) and 140% more RNA (P less than 0.01) than low FALS cells, with no significant change in cellular DNA content. These data are consistent with previous studies of type II cells isolated from the lungs of pneumonectomized animals and confirm the presence of hypertrophic cells in these preparations. They provide a foundation from which to design further flow cytometric studies of the role of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes in compensatory lung growth.

scholarly journals Pulmonary surfactant secretion in type II pneumocytes in the existence of inflammatory cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Oda ◽  
Hirofumi Kai ◽  
Kazunori Takaki ◽  
Tae Yasunaga ◽  
Kouichirou Murahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Surfactant Secretion
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