Neurological complications of systemic disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 5158-5165
Author(s):  
Neil Scolding
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
System P ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances

Primary neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis or the Guillain–Barré syndrome are well recognized (and described elsewhere in this section), but there are numerous diverse systemic inflammatory, infective, or immunological disorders that can affect the nervous system. Autoimmune rheumatic disorders—(1) Systemic lupus erythematosus—neurological manifestations include headache, acute or subacute encephalopathy, fits, myelitis, strokes and movement disorders (including chorea and other extrapyramidal disorders), ataxia and brainstem abnormalities, cranial and peripheral neuropathies, and psychiatric and cognitive disturbances. Risk of stroke is particularly associated with the lupus anticoagulant and the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. (2) Other conditions—(a) rheumatoid arthritis: mononeuritis, cervical cord compression; (b) Sjögren’s syndrome: sensory neuropathy, myositis, various central nervous system complications; (c) Reiter’s disease: polyneuritis, radiculitis, various central nervous system manifestations....

Nervous system

2013 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Andrew Graham ◽  
Clare Galton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Entrapment Neuropathies ◽  
System P ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome

Rheumatological conditions may be complicated by a variety of both central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Common complications such as entrapment neuropathies are familiar to rheumatologists but accurate diagnosis of less common neurological disorders may be challenging; careful clinical reasoning is essential, supplemented where necessary by imaging, neurophysiology, and other special investigations including cerebrospinal fluid examination. Complications vary according to the nature of the background condition. In rheumatoid arthritis, neurological involvement is typically related to the mechanical consequences of advancing disease; most commonly, entrapment neuropathies such as carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical myelopathy due to atlantoaxial subluxation. By contrast, neurological involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tends to occur earlier in the disease course, with a much wider range of manifestations. The management of stroke or seizures in SLE is not necessarily any different from that in the general population, unless complicated by the antiphospholipid syndrome. However, less common neurological syndromes may demand more specific investigation and treatment. For example, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and recurrent optic neuritis (neuromyelitis optica, or Devic’s disease) is frequently associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4, and is highly likely to relapse unless treated vigorously with humoral immunosuppression. Nervous system involvement in vasculitis is common. Finally, not all neurological disorder in rheumatological disease is necessarily due to the underlying condition; neurological complications of disease-modifying therapy are increasingly recognized, in particular central and peripheral nervous system demyelination associated with TNF-α‎‎ inhibitors.

Nervous system

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Graham ◽  
Clare Galton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Entrapment Neuropathies ◽  
System P ◽  
System Disorder

Rheumatological conditions may be complicated by a variety of both central and peripheral nervous system disorder. Common complications such as entrapment neuropathies are familiar to rheumatologists but accurate diagnosis of less common neurological disorders may be challenging; careful clinical reasoning is essential, supplemented where necessary by imaging, neurophysiology, and other special investigations including cerebrospinal fluid examination. Complications vary according to the nature of background condition. In rheumatoid arthritis, neurological involvement is typically related to the mechanical consequences of advancing disease; the commonest complications are carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical myelopathy due to atlantoaxial subluxation. By contrast, neurological involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tends to occur earlier in the disease course, with a much wider range of manifestations. The management of stroke or seizures in SLE is not necessarily any different from that in the general population, unless complicated by the antiphospholipid syndrome. However, less common neurological syndromes may demand more specific investigation and treatment. For example, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and recurrent optic neuritis (neuromyelitis optica, or Devic's disease) is frequently associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4, and is highly likely to relapse unless treated vigorously with humoral immunosuppression. Nervous system involvement in vasculitis is common. Finally, not all neurological disorder in rheumatological disease is necessarily due to the underlying condition; neurological complications of disease-modifying therapy are increasingly recognized, in particular central and peripheral nervous system demyelination associated with TNF-α‎ inhibitors.

Neurological Complications of Lymphomas and Leukemias

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
HENRY G. CRAMBLETT
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Hospital Records

In a retrospective study, the authors have reviewed the hospital records of 5,778 patients with Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia. A total of 795 neurobogic complications occurring in 745 patients were discovered which represented a patient incidence of approximately 13%. The complications which were encountered included spinal cord compression, infiltration of intracranial structures, compression and infiltration of peripheral and cranial nerves, intracranial hemorrhage, infiltration or invasion of the pituitary by tumor cells, and central nervous system infections occurring in association with the various malignancies.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inimioara Cojocaru ◽  
Manole Cojocaru ◽  
Isabela Silosi ◽  
Camelia Vrabie
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rheumatic Conditions

Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic DiseasesPatients with multi-system rheumatic conditions may have a disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Central nervous system manifestations vary according to the location of the lesion and range from focal findings (e.g., stroke-like presentations), although serious neurological complications in rheumatic disease appear to be rare. The most prominent features of neurological involvement in rheumatic diseases include cerebral ischaemia and psychiatric symptoms. Little information is available on the prevalence of neurological disease in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis. Involvement of the CNS may be a striking early or presenting feature with a wide variety of manifestations. There is more clarity about the CNS syndromes attributable to systemic lupus erythematosus and new insights into the central mechanisms involved in the manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Severe CNS involvement is associated with poor prognosis, and high mortality rate. We review the spectrum of neurological diseases in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis.

Inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathiji Nageshwaran ◽  
Heather C Wilson ◽  
Anthony Dickenson ◽  
David Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
System P ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Primary neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), primary angiitis of the central nervous system, autoimmune limbic encephalitis, and Susac’s syndrome) and multisystem diseases with inflammatory involvement of the central nervous system (sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), giant cell arteritis, Behçet’s disease, Sjögren’s, and other vasculitides) are discussed in depth, covering the aetiology, clinical features and evidence-based treatment.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

Effects of an injectable functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel on angiogenesis and neurogenesis for regeneration of the central nervous system

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 16281-16292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wei Wang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Chang ◽  
Liang-Hsin Chen ◽  
Shih-Yung Liao ◽  
Chia-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
System P ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Functionalised self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel mediates angiogenesis and neurogenesis for injured brain tissue regeneration.

Imaging and clinical features of neurocutaneous melanosis in the pediatric population.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mormina Enricomaria ◽  
Granata Francesca ◽  
Vinci Sergio Lucio ◽  
Coglitore Alessandra ◽  
Caragliano Antonio Armando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare nonfamilial phakomatosis characterized by the presence of congenital melanocytic nevi and abnormal melanocytes infiltration of the leptomeninges. Objective & Methods: This paper shows the importance of early diagnosis and the most important imaging features of the disease on CT and MR scans. PubMed database was searched from January 1972 to September 2020. Papers including imaging findings of NCM, clinical, follow-up, and treatment features were collected, selecting only 89 studies. Discussion: NCM is a term used for the first time by van Bogaert in 1948. It refers to a condition caused by an error during morphogenesis and migration leading to leptomeningeal melanocytic accumulation. Although histological findings are the gold standard for diagnosis confirmation, neuroimaging and clinical features strongly support the suspect of NCM. Localization and extension of the lesions are predictive of neurological manifestations related to increased intracranial pressure, mass lesions, or spinal cord compression. CT demonstrates sites of increased density in the anterior temporal lobe - mainly the amygdala - thalami, cerebellum, and frontal lobes base. However, MRI is the best imaging method to diagnose central nervous system lesions, often appearing as T1-short signal areas of the cerebral parenchyma, indicative of central nervous system melanosis. MRI can also reveal associated intracranial and intraspinal abnormalities. Conclusion: Early imaging, when available, is helpful if NCM suspect is raised and may be of guidance in comparing later studies. NCM requires a multidisciplinary approach since it is a multisystem disease with a genetic component.

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