Current concepts on the aetiology and prevention of sports injuries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Evert A.L.M. Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Sports And Physical Activity ◽  
Fitness And Health

A physically active lifestyle and active participation in sports is important, for adults as well as for children. Reasons to participate in sports and physical activity are many: pleasure and relaxation, competition, socialization, maintenance and improvement of fitness and health, etc. In general, when compared to adults, the risk for sports injury resulting from participation in sports and free play is low in children.1 Despite this relatively low risk, sports injuries in children are a fact of life, which calls for preventive action. In order to set out effective prevention programmes, epidemiological studies need to be done on incidence, severity, and aetiology of sports injuries. Also the effect of preventive measures needs to be evaluated. In the following chapters various authors will describe these aspects of sports injuries in children, regarding specific sports. This chapter describes briefly some current concepts regarding the epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries as a means of introduction to these chapters.

Epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joske Nauta ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Evert ALM Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
School Time ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Although sports injuries in children are common, prevention of these injuries is paramount. In order to set out effective prevention programmes, epidemiological studies need to be conducted on incidence, severity, and aetiology of sports injuries. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a preventive measure must be assessed, and the eventual implementation of a programme closely evaluated. When conducting epidemiological studies in sports injuries the injury definition used can have a large impact on the outcome, especially as the aetiology of sports injuries is highly multi-causal and recursive. In addition to distinguishing between ‘sports injury’, ‘sports injury incidence’ and ‘sports participation’, the severity of the injury must be defined by taking six indices into consideration: nature of sports injuries, duration and nature of treatment, sports time loss, working/school time loss, permanent damage, and costs of sports injuries.

scholarly journals Inpatient and emergency department costs from sports injuries among youth aged 5–18 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Ryan ◽  
Etienne E Pracht ◽  
Barbara Langland Orban
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Health Care Administration ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
American Football ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Ed Visits

ObjectiveTo analyse the financial costs from sports injuries among inpatients and emergency department (ED) patients aged 5–18 with a focus on Medicaid patients.MethodsFixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the association of patient factors with cost of injury from sports. Florida Agency for Health Care Administration data from 2010 to 2014 were used, which included all inpatient and ED patients aged 5–18 years who had a sports injury.ResultsOver 5 years, sports injuries in Florida youth cost $24 million for inpatient care and $87 million for ED care. Youth averaged $6039 for an inpatient visit and $439 for an ED visit in costs from sports injuries. Sports injuries for Medicaid-insured youth cost $10.8 million for inpatient visits and $44.2 million for ED visits.ConclusionOlder athletes and males consistently have higher healthcare costs from sports. Baseball, basketball, bike riding, American football, roller-skating/skateboarding and soccer are sports with high costs for both ED patients and inpatients and would benefit from prevention programmes. Injuries from non-contact sport participants are few but can have high costs. These athletes could benefit from prevention programmes as well.

scholarly journals International consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injuries and illnesses in golf

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (19) ◽  
pp. 1136-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Murray ◽  
Astrid Junge ◽  
Patrick Gordon Robinson ◽  
Mario Bizzini ◽  
Andre Bossert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Exercise Medicine ◽  
Consensus Group ◽  
Consensus Statements ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
International Consensus Statement

Epidemiological studies of injury in elite and recreational golfers have lacked consistency in methods and definitions employed and this limits comparison of results across studies. In their sports-generic statement, the Consensus Group recruited by the IOC (2020) called for sport-specific consensus statements. On invitation by International Golf Federation, a group of international experts in sport and exercise medicine, golf research and sports injury/illness epidemiology was selected to prepare a golf-specific consensus statement. Methodological stages included literature review and initial drafting, online feedback from the consensus group, revision and second draft, virtual consensus meetings and completion of final version. This consensus statement provides golf-specific recommendations for data collection and research reporting including: (i) injury and illness definitions, and characteristics with golf-specific examples, (ii) definitions of golf-specific exposure measurements and recommendations for the calculation of prevalence and incidence, (iii) injury, illness and exposure report forms for medical staff and for golfers, and (iv) a baseline questionnaire. Implementation of the consensus methodology will enable comparison among golf studies and with other sports. It facilitates analysis of causative factors for injuries and illness in golf, and can also be used to evaluate the effects of prevention programmes to support the health of golfers.

Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
School Life ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

scholarly journals RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001051
Author(s):  
Caio Sain Vallio ◽  
Gabriela Martins de Oliveira ◽  
Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota ◽  
Alexandre Dias Lopes ◽  
Luiz Hespanhol
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Prevention Programme ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Framework Development

BackgroundRunning is an important type of exercise to keep people physically active. However, running also carries a risk of developing running-related injuries (RRI). Therefore, effective and evidence-based RRI prevention programmes are desirable, but are scarce in practice. An approach to face this problem might be the application of methods to develop RRI prevention programmes based on theories of behaviour change.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to develop an RRI prevention programme based on perspectives of behavioural and social science theories, as well as taking a framework development approach.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework held between February and March 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were involved in running practice. The data collection was conducted during focus group meetings. The data analysis was based on semantic thematic approach using a content analysis orientation based on inductive reasoning.ResultsThe target population of the RRI prevention programme identified was ‘adult recreational runners’. The objectives of the RRI prevention programme were established in two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and RRI risk; and (2) provide/enhance knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours. The programme is aimed to be delivered through an online system.ConclusionAn RRI prevention programme was developed using the IM framework and a participatory approach. The programme was named ‘RunIn3’, and it is based on providing feedback on running volume and RRI risk, as well as providing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours.

Service user violence against social workers in Italy: Prevalence and characteristics of the phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110091
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sicora ◽  
Urban Nothdurfter ◽  
Barbara Rosina ◽  
Mara Sanfelici
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Service User ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Client Violence ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Victims Of Violence

Summary Client violence in social services is perceived as constantly increasing in Italy, raising deep concern. This article presents the results of the first online survey on the phenomenon. Involving 20,112 social workers, the aim was to determine the prevalence and forms of client violence towards social workers and to identify key factors associated with such events. Findings The results suggest that the vast majority of Italian social workers experience client violence during their careers. Verbal aggression and threats were most common forms of violence, followed by physical attacks and property damage. Young and less experienced social workers appeared more likely to be victims of violence, as well as those who more frequently work in isolation or without their colleagues’ support. Social workers in child protection services, services for adults and municipality services accessible to the entire population were found to be at higher risk of client violence. The social workers considered the quality of the client/professional relationship and communication skills to be critical in preventing and dealing with aggression by users. Unfulfilled clients’ expectation was considered to be one of the main factors contributing to frustration and the consequent hostile behaviour. Applications Violence against social workers is a ‘wake-up call’ that makes the weakening of welfare services, and therefore of professional social work, more visible. The first nationwide study on service user violence reported by this paper may significantly contribute to raising awareness about the phenomenon in Italy and to the devising of effective prevention programmes.

Investigation of the Effects of Sports Injuries on the Quality of Life of Adolescent Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3276-3280
Author(s):  
Şebnem Şarvan Cengiz ◽  
Büşra Yardimci ◽  
Aybüke Ulubaş
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Athlete Injury

The aim of the study is to examine the effects of sports injuries experienced by adolescent athletes between the ages of 13 and 18 on their quality of life during training and competition. The universe of the study consists of licensed athletes between the ages of 13-18 who play sports at the Manisa Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate. In the study, purposeful sampling method was chosen, and the study sample consisted of 170 athletes (97 females, 73 males) with sports injuries and 90 athletes (49 females, 41 males) without sports injuries, totally 260 volunteers. The demographic information form developed by the researchers, the Adolescent Form of the Quality of Life for Children (PedsQL) developed by Varni et al. (1999), the Adolescent Form of the Age of 13-18, and the Causes of Injury in Sports Questionnaire prepared by Alkaabi (2015) were used as data collection methods. As a result, it was found that female athletes had more sports injuries in adolescent athletes than men. The number of athletes who suffered injuries in defense sports is higher than in other branches. As a result, it has been determined that sports injury negatively affects the quality of life. It was found as a result of the study data that they experienced more injuries in training than in competitions. Since the injury is mostly in the winter season and the athletes stated that they did not use protective equipment during the injury, the trainers should be informed, they should be thoughtful about taking the necessary precautions and precautions and should be offered the necessary supervision. Keywords: Adolescent athlete, injury, quality of life

scholarly journals Time-to-event analysis for sports injury research part 2: time-varying outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen ◽  
Michael Lejbach Bertelsen ◽  
Daniel Ramskov ◽  
Merete Møller ◽  
Adam Hulme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Injury Research ◽  
Stratified Analysis

BackgroundTime-to-event modelling is underutilised in sports injury research. Still, sports injury researchers have been encouraged to consider time-to-event analyses as a powerful alternative to other statistical methods. Therefore, it is important to shed light on statistical approaches suitable for analysing training load related key-questions within the sports injury domain.ContentIn the present article, we illuminate: (i) the possibilities of including time-varying outcomes in time-to-event analyses, (ii) how to deal with a situation where different types of sports injuries are included in the analyses (ie, competing risks), and (iii) how to deal with the situation where multiple subsequent injuries occur in the same athlete.ConclusionTime-to-event analyses can handle time-varying outcomes, competing risk and multiple subsequent injuries. Although powerful, time-to-event has important requirements: researchers are encouraged to carefully consider prior to any data collection that five injuries per exposure state or transition is needed to avoid conducting statistical analyses on time-to-event data leading to biased results. This requirement becomes particularly difficult to accommodate when a stratified analysis is required as the number of variables increases exponentially for each additional strata included. In future sports injury research, we need stratified analyses if the target of our research is to respond to the question: ‘how much change in training load is too much before injury is sustained, among athletes with different characteristics?’ Responding to this question using multiple time-varying exposures (and outcomes) requires millions of injuries. This should not be a barrier for future research, but collaborations across borders to collecting the amount of data needed seems to be an important step forward.

scholarly journals Fifty years of preventing and treating childhood behaviour disorders: a systematic review to inform policy and practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Christine Schwartz ◽  
Caitlyn Andres ◽  
Jenny Lou Barican ◽  
Donna Yung
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Prevention Programmes

QuestionOppositional defiant and conduct disorders (ODD and CD) start early and persist, incurring high individual and collective costs. To inform policy and practice, we therefore asked: What is the best available research evidence on preventing and treating these disorders?Study selection and analysisWe sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions addressing the prevention or treatment of behaviour problems in individuals aged 18 years or younger. Our criteria were tailored to identify higher-quality RCTs that were also relevant to policy and practice. We searched the CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, updating our initial searches in May 2017. Thirty-seven RCTs met inclusion criteria—evaluating 15 prevention programmes, 8 psychosocial treatments and 5 medications. We then conducted narrative synthesis.FindingsFor prevention, 3 notable programmes reduced behavioural diagnoses: Classroom-Centered Intervention; Good Behavior Game; and Fast Track. Five other programmes reduced serious behaviour symptoms such as criminal activity. Prevention benefits were long term, up to 35 years. For psychosocial treatment, Incredible Years reduced behavioural diagnoses. Three other interventions reduced criminal activity. Psychosocial treatment benefits lasted from 1 to 8 years. While 4 medications reduced post-test symptoms, all caused important adverse events.ConclusionsConsiderable RCT evidence favours prevention.Clinical implicationsEffective prevention programmes should therefore be made widely available. Effective psychosocial treatments should also be provided for all children with ODD/CD. But medications should be a last resort given associated adverse events and given only short-term evidence of benefits. Policymakers and practitioners can help children and populations by acting on these findings.

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