Secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation: principles and practice

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0008 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Massimo F. Piepoli ◽

Pantaleo Giannuzzi

Keyword(s):

Secondary Prevention ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Weight Control ◽

Best Practice ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Lipid Management ◽

Medication Plan ◽

Wide Range

Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation is the intervention that contributes most to decreasing morbidity and mortality in coronary artery disease, in particular after myocardial infarction but after incorporating cardiac interventions and in chronic stable heart disease. Cardiac patients deserve special attention to restore their quality of life and to maintain or restore their functional capacity and require counselling to avoid recurrence by adherence to a medication plan and adoption of a healthy lifestyle. These secondary prevention targets are included in the overall goal of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Components of CR include patient assessment, physical activity counselling, exercise training, diet/nutritional counselling, weight control management, lipid management, blood pressure monitoring, smoking cessation and psychosocial management. This chapter reviews the key components of a CR programme and summarizes current evidence-based best practice for the wide range of patient presentations of interest to the general cardiology community.

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Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: Secondary prevention of stroke, sixth edition practice guidelines, update 2017

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/1747493017743062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 420-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Theodore Wein ◽

M Patrice Lindsay ◽

Robert Côté ◽

Norine Foley ◽

Joseph Berlingieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Prevention ◽

Best Practice ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Stroke Recurrence ◽

Artery Dissection ◽

Cervical Artery Dissection ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Practice Recommendations ◽

Wide Range

The 2017 update of The Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations for the Secondary Prevention of Stroke is a collection of current evidence-based recommendations intended for use by clinicians across a wide range of settings. The goal is to provide guidance for the prevention of ischemic stroke recurrence through the identification and management of modifiable vascular risk factors. Recommendations include those related to diagnostic testing, diet and lifestyle, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies, carotid artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and other cardiac conditions. Notable changes in this sixth edition include the development of core elements for delivering secondary stroke prevention services, the addition of a section on cervical artery dissection, new recommendations regarding the management of patent foramen ovale, and the removal of the recommendations on management of sleep apnea. The Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations include a range of supporting materials such as implementation resources to facilitate the adoption of evidence to practice, and related performance measures to enable monitoring of uptake and effectiveness of the recommendations. The guidelines further emphasize the need for a systems approach to stroke care, involving an interprofessional team, with access to specialists regardless of patient location, and the need to overcome geographic barriers to ensure equity in access within a universal health care system.

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Unstructured cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in rural South Australia: Does it meet best practice guidelines?

Contemporary Nurse ◽

10.5172/conu.673.29.2.195 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 195-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tracey Wachtel ◽

Angela Kucia ◽

Jennene Greenhill

Keyword(s):

Secondary Prevention ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Practice Guidelines ◽

Best Practice ◽

South Australia ◽

Rural South ◽

Best Practice Guidelines

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Nutrition as a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease: how can we stop the obesity epidemic?

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th13-01-0045 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (10) ◽

pp. 689-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marleen A. van Baak

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Weight Control ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Population Level ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Dietary Fats ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Moderate Increase

summaryOverweight and obesity are associated with excess cardiovascular risk. To reduce cardiovascular risk at the population level, the prevention of overweight and obesity is key. This requires adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including less inactivity and more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and a healthy diet. Diet composition may facilitate weight gain prevention and weight loss. Effects of dietary fats, carbohydrates and proteins will be discussed in this context. Current evidence indicates that moderation of the intake of (saturated) fat, a moderate increase in protein content of the diet, a replacement of refined grain/high glucose index (GI) by whole-grain/low GI carbohydrates and limitation of the consumption of calorically-sweetened beverages are likely to facilitate weight control.

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The Use of Anterior-Segment Optical-Coherence Tomography for the Assessment of the Iridocorneal Angle and Its Alterations: Update and Current Evidence

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Giacinto Triolo ◽

Piero Barboni ◽

Giacomo Savini ◽

Francesco De Gaetano ◽

Gaspare Monaco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Iridocorneal Angle ◽

Wide Range

The introduction of anterior-segment optical-coherence tomography (AS-OCT) has led to improved assessments of the anatomy of the iridocorneal-angle and diagnoses of several mechanisms of angle closure which often result in raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Continuous advancements in AS-OCT technology and software, along with an extensive research in the field, have resulted in a wide range of possible parameters that may be used to diagnose and follow up on patients with this spectrum of diseases. However, the clinical relevance of such variables needs to be explored thoroughly. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence supporting the use of AS-OCT for the diagnosis and follow-up of several iridocorneal-angle and anterior-chamber alterations, focusing on the advantages and downsides of this technology.

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Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Secondary Prevention of Stroke Update 2020

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2021.127 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-69

Author(s):

David J. Gladstone ◽

M. Patrice Lindsay ◽

James Douketis ◽

Eric E Smith ◽

Dar Dowlatshahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Prevention ◽

Best Practice ◽

Practice Recommendations

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Relationships between Psychoeducational Rehabilitation and Health Outcomes—A Systematic Review Focused on Acute Coronary Syndrome

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11060440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 440

Author(s):

Sabina Alexandra Cojocariu ◽

Alexandra Maștaleru ◽

Radu Andy Sascău ◽

Cristian Stătescu ◽

Florin Mitu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Psychoeducational Intervention ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Coronary Syndrome

(1) Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary program that includes psychoeducational support in addition to physical exercise. Psychoeducational intervention is a component that has had accelerated interest and development in recent decades. The aim was to analyze the current evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature via four databases: PubMed, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention compared to usual care in ACS patients. We assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Cochrane tool. We analyzed data regarding the population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and timing. (3) Results: We identified 6248 studies. After a rigorous screening, we included in the analysis 11 articles with a total of 3090 participants. Major adverse cardiovascular events, quality of life, hospitalizations, lipidogram, creatinine, NYHA class, smoking, physical behavior, and emotional state were significantly improved. In addition, illness perception, knowledge, and beliefs were substantially ameliorated (all p < 0.001). All this was related to the type and dose of psychological intervention. (4) Conclusions: Patients with ACS can receive significant benefits through individualized psychoeducation sessions. The cardiac rehabilitation program should include personalized psychological and educational intervention by type and dose.

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Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Stroke and Vascular Neurology ◽

10.1136/svn-2020-000358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 152-158

Author(s):

Yuhua Fan ◽

Jian Yu ◽

Hongbing Chen ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Jiangang Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Prevention ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Venous Sinus ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Current Guideline ◽

Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Venous Thromboembolic Events

AimCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a less common cerebrovascular disease that predominantly affects young patients. The incidence of CVST is 2–5/10 000 000/year, accounting for 0.5%–1% of all stroke. To reduce mortality and morbidity associated with CVST, Chinese Stroke Association commissioned the authors to write the current guideline on the management of CVST.MethodsPubMed (MEDLINE), CNKI and Wanfang database were searched for studies related to CVST from 1 January 1990 to 31 July 2019. Data were synthesised by evidence tables. Each recommendation was fully discussed by the writing group members and reviewed by Chinese Stroke Association Stroke Fellow Committees. Levels of evidence grading algorithm of Chinese Stroke Association was used to grade each recommendation.ResultsThis guideline mainly focuses on the diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic strategies and secondary prevention of CVST. CT/CTV and MRI/MRV are recommended in the initial imaging evaluation of patients with suspected CVST. Anticoagulation therapy with low-molecular weight heparin should be initiated in patients with CVST immediately. After the acute stage, warfarin is recommended for 3–6 months to prevent the recurrence of CVST and other venous thromboembolic events.ConclusionsThe guideline summarises the current evidence regarding the management of CVST, and provides references for diagnosis, treatment and secondary prevention of CVST in China.

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Article Commentary: Defining New Directions for More Effective Management of Surgical Pain in the United States: Highlights of the Inaugural Surgical Pain Congress™

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481408000314 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Girish P. Joshi ◽

David E. Beck ◽

Roger Hill Emerson ◽

Thomas M. Halaszynski ◽

Jonathan S. Jahr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Pain Management ◽

Best Practice ◽

Task Force ◽

Unmet Need ◽

The United States ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Inaugural Meeting ◽

Surgical Pain ◽

Wide Range

Despite advances in pharmacologic options for the management of surgical pain, there appears to have been little or no overall improvement over the last two decades in the level of pain experienced by patients. The importance of adequate and effective surgical pain management, however, is clear, because inadequate pain control 1) has a wide range of undesirable physiologic and immunologic effects; 2) is associated with poor surgical outcomes; 3) has increased probability of readmission; and 4) adversely affects the overall cost of care as well as patient satisfaction. There is a clear unmet need for a national surgical pain management consensus task force to raise awareness and develop best practice guidelines for improving surgical pain management, patient safety, patient satisfaction, rapid postsurgical recovery, and health economic outcomes. To comprehensively address this need, the multidisciplinary Surgical Pain Congress™ has been established. The inaugural meeting of this Congress (March 8 to 10, 2013, Celebration, Florida) evaluated the current surgical pain management paradigm and identified key components of best practices.

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