Nutrition as a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease: how can we stop the obesity epidemic?

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 689-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Moderate Increase

summaryOverweight and obesity are associated with excess cardiovascular risk. To reduce cardiovascular risk at the population level, the prevention of overweight and obesity is key. This requires adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including less inactivity and more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and a healthy diet. Diet composition may facilitate weight gain prevention and weight loss. Effects of dietary fats, carbohydrates and proteins will be discussed in this context. Current evidence indicates that moderation of the intake of (saturated) fat, a moderate increase in protein content of the diet, a replacement of refined grain/high glucose index (GI) by whole-grain/low GI carbohydrates and limitation of the consumption of calorically-sweetened beverages are likely to facilitate weight control.

scholarly journals The PURE study and the enigmatic aspects of the diet: is it possible that an high saturated fat consumption would not be harmful?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_E) ◽  
pp. E113-E115
Author(s):  
Andrea Poli
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Final Impact

Abstract According to the results of a recent observational epidemiologic study, the PURE study, an elevated consumption of saturated fats in the diet would not be detrimental for the cardiovascular risk, and would not increase all-causes-mortality. A part for the criticism the study received, for being conducted in eastern countries and mainly in rural settings, its results are substantially in agreement with the most recent epidemiological literature, which gradually redefined the pro-atherogenic role of the saturated fats. It is possible that this type of fats, in this instance, would have a limited and restricted effect, and rather represent the overall effect of the foodstuff in which they abound, in the prevalent dietetic habits of the population studied. The results of the PURE study can be integrated with little difficulties, with the recent revision of the role of the alimentary fats in determining cardiovascular risk and all-causes-mortality. The revision doesn’t support (assuming adequate calories and weight control) a limitation of the total dietary fats, saturated fats in particular. An excessive reduction of saturated fats, particularly in Europe, could lead to an unnecessary and unsolicited limitation of certain foods (most commonly cheese), whose final impact on overall health is favourable.

scholarly journals Do moderate- to vigorous-intensity accelerometer count thresholds correspond to relative moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Raiber ◽  
Rebecca A.G. Christensen ◽  
Arshdeep K. Randhawa ◽  
Veronica K. Jamnik ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

We aimed to predict % maximal oxygen consumption at absolute accelerometer thresholds and to estimate and compare durations of objective physical activity (PA) among body mass index (BMI) categories using thresholds that account for cardiorespiratory fitness. Eight hundred twenty-eight adults (53.5% male; age, 33.9 ± 0.3 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004 were analyzed. Metabolic equivalent values at absolute thresholds were converted to percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, and accelerometer counts corresponding to 40% or 60% maximal oxygen consumption were determined using 4 energy expenditure prediction equations. Absolute thresholds underestimated PA intensity for all adults; however, because of lower fitness, individuals with overweight and obesity work at significantly higher percentage of maximal oxygen consumption at the absolute thresholds and require significantly lower accelerometer counts to reach relative moderate and vigorous PA intensities compared with those with normal weight (P < 0.05). However, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) durations were shorter when using relative thresholds compared with absolute thresholds (in all BMI groups, P < 0.05), and they were shorter among individuals with obesity compared with those with normal weight when using relative thresholds (P < 0.05). Regardless of the thresholds used, a greater proportion of individuals with normal weight met the PA guideline of 150 min·week–1 of MVPA compared with individuals with obesity (absolute: 21.3% vs 6.7%; Yngve: 4.0% vs 0.2%; Swartz: 10.7% vs 3.9%; Hendelman: 4.7% vs 0.2%; Freedson: 6.4% vs 0.5%; P < 0.05). Current absolute thresholds of accelerometry-derived PA may overestimate MVPA for all BMI categories when compared with relative thresholds that account for cardiorespiratory fitness. Given the large variability in our results, more work is needed to better understand how to use accelerometers for evaluating PA at the population level.

Secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation: principles and practice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo F. Piepoli ◽  
Pantaleo Giannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Lipid Management ◽  
Medication Plan ◽  
Wide Range

Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation is the intervention that contributes most to decreasing morbidity and mortality in coronary artery disease, in particular after myocardial infarction but after incorporating cardiac interventions and in chronic stable heart disease. Cardiac patients deserve special attention to restore their quality of life and to maintain or restore their functional capacity and require counselling to avoid recurrence by adherence to a medication plan and adoption of a healthy lifestyle. These secondary prevention targets are included in the overall goal of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Components of CR include patient assessment, physical activity counselling, exercise training, diet/nutritional counselling, weight control management, lipid management, blood pressure monitoring, smoking cessation and psychosocial management. This chapter reviews the key components of a CR programme and summarizes current evidence-based best practice for the wide range of patient presentations of interest to the general cardiology community.

Platelet Functions in Relation to Dietary Fats in Farmers from two Regions of France

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 518-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Renaud ◽  
E Dumont ◽  
F Godsey ◽  
A Suplisson ◽  
C Thevenon
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryTo determine whether the long-term feeding of dietary fats affect platelet functions in man, platelet aggregation (to thrombin ADP, collagen, epinephrine) and clotting activity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma and of washed platelets, were studied in a mobile-laboratory in 44 healthy male farmers (40-45 years) from two French regions Var and Moselle, in relation to lipemia, glycemia, dietary nutriments, and platelet phospholipid composition. In the Moselle subjects, the platelet clotting activity of PRP and of washed platelets, the platelet aggregation to thrombin and ADP, were highly significantly (p <0.001) increased as compared to those of Var, but not the plasma cholesterol, which was identical in the two regions.In Moselle, the intake of total calories, total lipids and saturated fats was higher than in the Var.However, it was only with the saturated fat intake (mostly stearic acid) that the platelet clotting activity (p <0.01) and the platelet aggregation (p <0.001) were highly significantly correlated. The platelet clotting activity was also significantly (p <0.001) correlated with the fatty acid composition of the platelet phospholipid fractions phosphatidyl serine + phosphatidyl inositol.

Pro-Health Education of Youth in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Nowadays, thanks to greater awareness of society and development of restorative medicine, more and more attention is paid to preventive care. That is caused by the fact that there is little progress for both sexes in the frequency of healthy behavior: girls fall much worse than boys in terms of frequency of physical activity, they do not eat breakfast either; boys do not maintain a healthy diet and are reluctant to eat vegetables and fruits, they often drink high-calorie sodas and less frequently brush teeth. Though with age some improvements in oral hygiene and certain eating behaviors can be noticed. It has been determined that overweight and obesity is a serious problem, as they can contribute to developmental disorders. In this respect it should be the responsibility of teachers to provide individual physical education (according to medical qualifications), prevent various forms of discrimination and bullying among peers, provide individual counseling and health education, weight control of students. It has been defined that for modern teachers it is a difficult task as students rarely eat fruits and vegetables, do not care about hygiene and frequency of meals, have passive mode of leisure. The acquisition of health during puberty allows functioning smoothly in society. However, despite the continuous work on improving and introduction of new programs of health education classes into schools of Poland, children still suffer from health-related problems. According to epidemiological research most of children in Poland fall on obesity, overweight and accompanying disorders and allergies. Youth is also exposed to accidents and related injuries. The problem is that students do not receive assistance and necessary information.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Małgorzata Nagórska ◽  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
Artur Stolarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Obesity Class ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The World

The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance, is defined by the World Health Organization as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Both all over the world and in Poland, there is a shortage of nurses; most of those employed are in the pre-retirement age. However, the requirements in this profession and the patient’s right to care at the highest level remain unchanged and do not take into account the poor condition or age of working nurses, so special attention should be paid to the state of health in this professional group. There is an emphasis on the importance of the adopted attitude toward health and the resulting behaviors, such as regular weight control, following dietary recommendations, regular physical activity and participation in preventive examinations. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, its individual components and determining the factors influencing its development in Polish nurses. The research conducted among the nurses in question included DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measurements, assessment of glucose concentration, lipid profile, blood pressure and a questionnaire survey. Almost half of the surveyed nurses have metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. After multivariate analysis, it was found that being overweight and obesity were significant factors influenced the MS (metabolic syndrome) occurrence among Polish nurses. Being overweight increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.58 times in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) <25, obesity increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.085 times in relation to BMI <25, and obesity class II/III increases the chances of MS occurrence 16.505 times in relation to BMI <25. Preventive and supportive measures for this professional group are needed.

scholarly journals Workplace Healthy Lifestyle Determinants and Wellbeing Needs across the Preconception and Pregnancy Periods: A Qualitative Study Informed by the COM-B Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4154
Author(s):  
Seonad K. Madden ◽  
Claire A. Blewitt ◽  
Kiran D. K. Ahuja ◽  
Helen Skouteris ◽  
Cate M. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
And Control

Overweight and obesity present health risks for mothers and their children. Reaching women during the key life stages of preconception and pregnancy in community settings, such as workplaces, is an ideal opportunity to enable health behavior change. We conducted five focus groups with 25 women aged between 25 and 62 years in order to investigate the determinants of healthy lifestyle behaviors, weight management, and wellbeing needs during the preconception and pregnancy periods in an Australian university workplace. Discussions explored women’s health and wellbeing needs with specific reference to workplace impact. An abductive analytical approach incorporated the capability, opportunity, and motivation of behavior (COM-B) model, and four themes were identified: hierarchy of needs and values, social interactions, a support scaffold, and control. Findings highlight the requirement for greater organization-level support, including top-down coordination of wellbeing opportunities and facilitation of education and support for preconception healthy lifestyle behaviors in the workplace. Interventionists and organizational policy makers could incorporate these higher-level changes into workplace processes and intervention development, which may increase intervention capacity for success.

scholarly journals Diet and PPARG2 Pro12Ala Polymorphism Interactions in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Lieu Tran ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Gayatri Arani ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Pubmed Database

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene Pro12Ala allele polymorphism (PPARG2 Pro12Ala; rs1801282) has been linked to both cancer risk and dietary factors. We conducted the first systematic literature review of studies published before December 2020 using the PubMed database to summarize the current evidence on whether dietary factors for cancer may differ by individuals carrying C (common) and/or G (minor) alleles of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that investigated the association between food or nutrient consumption and risk of incident cancer stratified by PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. From 3815 identified abstracts, nine articles (18,268 participants and 4780 cancer cases) covering three cancer sites (i.e., colon/rectum, prostate, and breast) were included. CG/GG allele carriers were more impacted by dietary factors than CC allele carriers. High levels of protective factors (e.g., carotenoids and prudent dietary patterns) were associated with a lower cancer risk, and high levels of risk factors (e.g., alcohol and refined grains) were associated with a higher cancer risk. In contrast, both CG/GG and CC allele carriers were similarly impacted by dietary fats, well-known PPAR-γ agonists. These findings highlight the complex relation between PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism, dietary factors, and cancer risk, which warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Meat and Human Health—Current Knowledge and Research Gaps

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Nina Rica Wium Geiker ◽  
Hanne Christine Bertram ◽  
Heddie Mejborn ◽  
Lars O. Dragsted ◽  
Lars Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Meat is highly nutritious and contributes with several essential nutrients which are difficult to obtain in the right amounts from other food sources. Industrially processed meat contains preservatives including salts, possibly exerting negative effects on health. During maturation, some processed meat products develop a specific microbiota, forming probiotic metabolites with physiological and biological effects yet unidentified, while the concentration of nutrients also increases. Meat is a source of saturated fatty acids, and current WHO nutrition recommendations advise limiting saturated fat to less than ten percent of total energy consumption. Recent meta-analyses of both observational and randomized controlled trials do not support any effect of saturated fat on cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The current evidence regarding the effect of meat consumption on health is potentially confounded, and there is a need for sufficiently powered high-quality trials assessing the health effects of meat consumption. Future studies should include biomarkers of meat intake, identify metabolic pathways and include detailed study of fermented and other processed meats and their potential of increasing nutrient availability and metabolic effects of compounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document