Classification of sleep disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thorpy
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Icd 10

The classification of sleep disorders is essential both for correct diagnosis and for coding purposes. There are three major sleep disorder classifications in the USA: the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), the American Academy of Sleep Medicine’s International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), and the International Classification of Diseases Modified Version (ICD-10-CM). This chapter discusses these classifications and their differences. DSM-V and ICSD-3 are used mainly for diagnostic information, whereas ICD-10-CM is used for coding. Sleep disorders can be regarded as falling into three main groups: those that cause difficulty with nighttime sleep, those that cause daytime sleepiness, and those that cause abnormal behavior during the night. The disorders, such as insomnia disorder, narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the parasomnias, in these three groups are organized differently, depending upon the classification system. The most detailed diagnostic classification system is ICSD-3, whereas the DSM-V classification is a simplified version, predominantly for psychiatrists.

Idiopathic hypersomnia, Kleine–Levin syndrome, and symptomatic hypersomnias

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Billiard ◽  
Yves Dauvilliers
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Medical Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Idiopathic Hypersomnia ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Besides obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and narcolepsy, there are a number of other causes of excessive daytime sleepiness, listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition, as central disorders of hypersomnolence. They include primary sleep disorders such as idiopathic hypersomnia, Kleine-Levin syndrome and a number of hypersomnias due to a medical disorder, a medication, or a substance, associated with a psychiatric disorder, or due to insufficient sleep. Idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine–Levin syndrome have attracted much interest in recent years, and an overview of recent progresses is presented in this chapter. The symptomatic hypersomnias are less well known to sleep physicians and often neglected by specialists, either internists or psychiatrists, although they may seriously impact the quality of life of patients

scholarly journals Clinical Diagnoses in 216 Insomnia Patients Using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), DSM-IV and ICD-10 Categories: A Report From the APA/NIMH DSM-IV Field Trial

SLEEP ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Buysse ◽  
Charles F. Reynolds ◽  
David J. Kupfer ◽  
Michael J. Thorpy ◽  
Edward Bixler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2492-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Romano ◽  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Elea Di Benedetto ◽  
Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusions: : Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

scholarly journals Neue Terminologie für Sprachentwicklungsstörungen?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neumann ◽  
B. Arnold ◽  
A. Baumann ◽  
C. Bohr ◽  
H. A. Euler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Diagnostik Und Therapie ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Sprachtherapeutisch-linguistische Fachkreise empfehlen die Anpassung einer von einem internationalen Konsortium empfohlenen Änderung der Nomenklatur für Sprachstörungen im Kindesalter, insbesondere für Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (SES), auch für den deutschsprachigen Raum. Fragestellung Ist eine solche Änderung in der Terminologie aus ärztlicher und psychologischer Sicht sinnvoll? Material und Methode Kritische Abwägung der Argumente für und gegen eine Nomenklaturänderung aus medizinischer und psychologischer Sicht eines Fachgesellschaften- und Leitliniengremiums. Ergebnisse Die ICD-10-GM (Internationale statistische Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme, 10. Revision, German Modification) und eine S2k-Leitlinie unterteilen SES in umschriebene SES (USES) und SES assoziiert mit anderen Erkrankungen (Komorbiditäten). Die USES- wie auch die künftige SES-Definition der ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision) fordern den Ausschluss von Sinnesbehinderungen, neurologischen Erkrankungen und einer bedeutsamen intellektuellen Einschränkung. Diese Definition erscheint weit genug, um leichtere nonverbale Einschränkungen einzuschließen, birgt nicht die Gefahr, Kindern Sprach- und weitere Therapien vorzuenthalten und erkennt das ICD(International Classification of Disease)-Kriterium, nach dem der Sprachentwicklungsstand eines Kindes bedeutsam unter der Altersnorm und unterhalb des seinem Intelligenzalter angemessenen Niveaus liegen soll, an. Die intendierte Ersetzung des Komorbiditäten-Begriffs durch verursachende Faktoren, Risikofaktoren und Begleiterscheinungen könnte die Unterlassung einer dezidierten medizinischen Differenzialdiagnostik bedeuten. Schlussfolgerungen Die vorgeschlagene Terminologie birgt die Gefahr, ätiologisch bedeutsame Klassifikationen und differenzialdiagnostische Grenzen zu verwischen und auf wertvolles ärztliches und psychologisches Fachwissen in Diagnostik und Therapie sprachlicher Störungen im Kindesalter zu verzichten.

Sleep Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Mechanism

Recent research has generated an enormous fund of knowledge about the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness. Sleeping and waking brain circuits can now be studied by sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that map different areas of the brain during different sleep states and stages. Although the exact biologic functions of sleep are not known, sleep is essential, and sleep deprivation leads to impaired attention and decreased performance. Sleep is also believed to have restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and consolidative functions. This review discusses the physiology of sleep, including its two independent states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, as well as functional neuroanatomy, physiologic changes during sleep, and circadian rhythms. The classification and diagnosis of sleep disorders are discussed generally. The diagnosis and treatment of the following disorders are described: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy-cataplexy sydrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and parasomnias. Sleep-related movement disorders and the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders are also discussed. Tables describe behavioral and physiologic characteristics of states of awareness, the international classification of sleep disorders, common sleep complaints, comorbid insomnia disorders, causes of excessive daytime somnolence, laboratory tests to assess sleep disorders, essential diagnostic criteria for RLS and Willis-Ekbom disease, and drug therapy for insomnia. Figures include polysomnographic recording showing wakefulness in an adult; stage 1, 2, and 3 NREM sleep in an adult; REM sleep in an adult; a patient with sleep apnea syndrome; a patient with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; a patient with RLS; and a patient with dream-enacting behavior; schematic sagittal section of the brainstem of the cat; schematic diagram of the McCarley-Hobson model of REM sleep mechanism; the Lu-Saper “flip-flop” model; the Luppi model to explain REM sleep mechanism; and a wrist actigraph from a man with bipolar disorder. This review contains 14 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 115 references, and 5 MCQs.

Impact of ICD-9 to ICD-10 Coding Transition on Prevalence Trends in Neurology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e612-e619
Author(s):  
Ali G. Hamedani ◽  
Leah Blank ◽  
Dylan P. Thibault ◽  
Allison W. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) coding transition on the point prevalence and longitudinal trends of 16 neurologic diagnoses.MethodsWe used 2014–2017 data from the National Inpatient Sample to identify hospitalizations with one of 16 common neurologic diagnoses. We used published ICD-9-CM codes to identify hospitalizations from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015, and used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's MapIt tool to convert them to equivalent ICD-10-CM codes for October 1, 2015–December 31, 2017. We compared the prevalence of each diagnosis before vs after the ICD coding transition using logistic regression and used interrupted time series regression to model the longitudinal change in disease prevalence across time.ResultsThe average monthly prevalence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was stable before the coding transition (average monthly increase of 4.32 admissions, 99.7% confidence interval [CI]: −8.38 to 17.01) but increased after the coding transition (average monthly increase of 24.32 admissions, 99.7% CI: 15.71–32.93). Otherwise, there were no significant differences in the longitudinal rate of change in disease prevalence over time between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM. Six of 16 neurologic diagnoses (37.5%) experienced significant changes in cross-sectional prevalence during the coding transition, most notably for status epilepticus (odds ratio 0.30, 99.7% CI: 0.26–0.34).ConclusionsThe transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding affects prevalence estimates for status epilepticus and other neurologic disorders, a potential source of bias for future longitudinal neurologic studies. Studies should limit to 1 coding system or use interrupted time series models to adjust for changes in coding patterns until new neurology-specific ICD-9 to ICD-10 conversion maps can be developed.

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