Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Adam ◽  
Sue Osborne ◽  
John Welch
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Critical Care Nurse ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Cardiac Arrest Team

Critically ill patients are at high risk of cardiac arrest, and the critical care nurse needs to recognize early signs of deterioration, understand what can be done to prevent arrest, and understand the different functions of cardiac arrest team members. This chapter outlines the pathophysiology associated with cardiac arrest, reviews the management of arrest, the practicalities of the techniques and drugs used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the care of the patient and family following both successful and unsuccessful resuscitation.

Anticonvulsants: Pharmacotberapeutic Issues in the Critically Ill Patient

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dupuis ◽  
Jorge Miranda-Massari
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Critical Care Setting ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Critical Care Nurse ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment

Critically ill patients often have or develop conditions that make them susceptible to seizures and epilepsy. Treatment frequently involves the use of anticonvulsants. In order to use these effectively, the critical care nurse must be aware of the indications and controversies surrounding their use, the pathophysiologic conditions that impact on the disposition, and appropriate dosing and monitoring of these agents in the critical care setting

scholarly journals Ensuring Breathing Comfort at the End of Life: The Integral Role of the Critical Care Nurse

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Critical Care Nurse ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

This article describes the author’s program of clinical research focused on assessment and treatment of respiratory distress among critically ill patients at the end of life. Dyspnea is a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that occurs in the presence of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular diseases. Dyspnea is one of the most common and most distressing symptoms experienced by critically ill patients. Many critically ill patients, particularly those not expected to survive, become cognitively impaired or unconscious and lose the ability to report symptoms, although dyspnea can be known only from a patient’s report. When self-reporting ability is lost, the critical care nurse must rely on signs indicative of a patient’s respiratory distress. The critically ill patient unable to self-report is vulnerable to under-recognition of symptom distress and subsequent over-treatment or undertreatment. When the patient is dying, there is only 1 chance to optimize the assessment and treatment of symptoms.

Quality assurance and the critical care nurse

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
P Brown-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Critical Care Nurse ◽  
Appropriateness Of Care ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Way

Care of the critically ill has become increasingly challenging due to demands from external sources to measure the quality and appropriateness of care provided. Quality assurance is the responsibility of every critical care nurse and requires vigilance as well as a knowledge of the principles of standards, monitoring and evaluation. Through quality assurance activities, the contribution of critical care nurses in the achievement of patient outcomes can be measured. Quality assurance challenges us to evaluate the way we practice, and assists us to continuously improve the way we provide care to critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Optimal Role of the Nephrologist in the Intensive Care Unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Askenazi ◽  
Michael Heung ◽  
Michael J. Connor Jr. ◽  
Rajit K. Basu ◽  
Jorge Cerdá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Quality Initiatives ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

As advances in Critical Care Medicine continue, critically ill patients are surviving despite the severity of their illness. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has increased, and its impact on clinical outcomes as well as medical expenditures has been established. The role, indications and technological advancements of renal replacement therapy (RRT) have evolved, allowing more effective therapies with less complications. With these changes, Critical Care Nephrology has become an established specialty, and ongoing collaborations between critical care physicians and nephrologist have improved education of multi-disciplinary team members and patient care in the ICU. Multidisciplinary programs to support these changes have been stablished in some hospitals to maximize the delivery of care, while other programs have continue to struggle in their ability to acquire the necessary resources to maximize outcomes, educate their staff, and develop quality initiatives to evaluate and drive improvements. Clearly, the role of the nephrologist in the ICU has evolved, and varies widely among institutions. This special article will provide insights that will hopefully optimize the role of the nephrologist as the leader of the acute care nephrology program, as clinician for critically ill patients, and as teacher for all members of the health care team.

Neurodiagnostic testing in critically injured adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Mason
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Critical Care Nurse ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
Data Source

The recent expansion of diagnostic technology in healthcare now offers many devices for diagnostic testing. Each has strengths and weaknesses as a neurodiagnostic data source. Understanding these components allows the critical care nurse to prepare the patient and family adequately for tests and then use the results knowledgeably in planning care for the critically ill patient.

scholarly journals Validity, reliability and applicability of Portuguese versions of sedation-agitation scales among critically ill patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paulo Nassar Junior ◽  
Ruy Camargo Pires Neto ◽  
Walquiria Barcelos de Figueiredo ◽  
Marcelo Park
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Sedation Scale ◽  
Team Members

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Sedation scales are used to guide sedation protocols in intensive care units (ICUs). However, no sedation scale in Portuguese has ever been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of Portuguese translations of four sedation-agitation scales, among critically ill patients: Glasgow Coma Score, Ramsay, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS). DESIGN AND SETTING: Validation study in two mixed ICUs of a university hospital. METHODS: All scales were applied to 29 patients by four different critical care team members (nurse, physiotherapist, senior critical care physician and critical care resident). We tested each scale for interrater reliability and for validity, by correlations between them. Interrater agreement was measured using weighted kappa (k) and correlations used Spearman's test. RESULTS: 136 observations were made on 29 patients. All scales had at least substantial agreement (weighted k 0.68-0.90). RASS (weighted k 0.82-0.87) and SAS (weighted k 0.83-0.90) had the best agreement. All scales had a good and significant correlation with each other. CONCLUSIONS: All scales demonstrated good interrater reliability and were comparable. RASS and SAS showed the best correlations and the best agreement results in all professional categories. All these characteristics make RASS and SAS good scales for use at the bedside, to evaluate sedation-agitation among critically ill patients in terms of validity, reliability and applicability.

scholarly journals In-hospital cardiac arrest in critically ill patients with covid-19: multicenter cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim S Hayek ◽  
Samantha K Brenner ◽  
Tariq U Azam ◽  
Husam R Shadid ◽  
Elizabeth Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Critically Ill Adults ◽  
Ill Adults ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Objectives To estimate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design Multicenter cohort study. Setting Intensive care units at 68 geographically diverse hospitals across the United States. Participants Critically ill adults (age ≥18 years) with laboratory confirmed covid-19. Main outcome measures In-hospital cardiac arrest within 14 days of admission to an intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality. Results Among 5019 critically ill patients with covid-19, 14.0% (701/5019) had in-hospital cardiac arrest, 57.1% (400/701) of whom received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients who had in-hospital cardiac arrest were older (mean age 63 (standard deviation 14) v 60 (15) years), had more comorbidities, and were more likely to be admitted to a hospital with a smaller number of intensive care unit beds compared with those who did not have in-hospital cardiac arrest. Patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation were younger than those who did not (mean age 61 (standard deviation 14) v 67 (14) years). The most common rhythms at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were pulseless electrical activity (49.8%, 199/400) and asystole (23.8%, 95/400). 48 of the 400 patients (12.0%) who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation survived to hospital discharge, and only 7.0% (28/400) survived to hospital discharge with normal or mildly impaired neurological status. Survival to hospital discharge differed by age, with 21.2% (11/52) of patients younger than 45 years surviving compared with 2.9% (1/34) of those aged 80 or older. Conclusions Cardiac arrest is common in critically ill patients with covid-19 and is associated with poor survival, particularly among older patients.

scholarly journals ICU Follow-up – Can We Predict the Problems?

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Psychological Sequelae

Evidence is emerging to help identify critically ill patients at high risk of developing adverse psychological sequelae. This article reviews current research on cognitive and psychological problems after critical care, and highlights the need for early recognition and intervention.

Hematologic Complications of Critical Illness

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Nancy Munro
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Critical Care Nurse

All critically ill patients are at risk for hematological complications during their hospitalization. It is essential that critical care nurses understand the hematological system and common complications. The purpose of this article is to briefly review some basic hematologic concepts involving each of the 3 cell lines: the white blood cell, the red blood cell, and platelets. The content focuses on how to assess these cell lines when there is dysfunction. Examples of disease processes involving the increased and decreased production of each cell line as well as destruction processes are discussed from a critical care perspective. The critical care nurse needs to continually incorporate this information into practice as research continues to formulate critical care practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document