Central nervous system tumours

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil G Burnet ◽  
Fiona Harris ◽  
Raj Jena ◽  
Kate E Burton ◽  
Sarah J Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Acoustic Schwannoma ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumours

Chapter 11 discusses central nervous system (CNS) tumours, including principles, planning volumes, dose distribution, high- and low-grade glioma, Ependymoma, Medulloblastoma, Germ cell tumours —germinoma and teratoma, Vestibular (acoustic) schwannoma, Pituitary tumours (including craniopharyngioma), Meningioma, and primary spinal cord tumours.

Central nervous system tumours

2019 ◽  
pp. 351-404
Author(s):  
Neil G Burnet ◽  
Fiona Harris ◽  
Mark B Pinkham ◽  
Kate E Burton ◽  
Gillian A Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Acoustic Schwannoma ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumours

Chapter 17 discusses central nervous system tumours, including principles, planning volumes, dose distribution, high- and low-grade glioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, germ cell tumours , vestibular (acoustic) schwannoma, pituitary tumours (including craniopharyngioma), meningioma, and primary spinal cord tumours.

Glial Central Nervous System Tumours of Childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Dannis van Vuurden ◽  
Darren Hargrave ◽  
Dominik Sturm ◽  
David T.W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Future Outcomes

Gliomas are the largest group of paediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumours and can affect any age and location. Currently, they are divided into low and high grade using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification but, increasingly, biology is being used to classify and stratify therapy, and this division may be challenged in the future. Outcomes vary greatly with some low-grade tumours being very indolent, requiring nothing more than careful observation, compared to aggressive high-grade gliomas of the brainstem that have a dismal prognosis. Current therapies are based on surgery, radiotherapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy but, increasingly, biologically targeted therapies are being explored in an attempt to increase survival and decrease late effects and the burden of treatment.

scholarly journals Characteristic of Central Nervous System Tumours from 2011-2015: A Single Institution Study

Medicinus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febrihardita Dwinovitch ◽  
Nadya Aisyah Widowati ◽  
Erna Kristiani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Histologic Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Cns Tumours

<p>Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumours affect the quality of life of patients since its neurological deficits. Data from Globocan 2012 reveals that there are 256,000 cases of CNS tumour. Epidemiology of the CNS tumours is very important for diagnosis and treatment, but data in Indonesia is still not fully reported.<br />Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the exact amount of the incidence, histologic type of the tumour and the characteristic of patient in our institution.<br />Methods: This is an observational study, all pathology report of CNS tumours that underwent surgery at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village from 2011 until 2015. We classified based on gender, age, location of the tumour, and the histologic type according to WHO Classification of CNS tumour 2007.<br />Results and Discussion: There were 913 patients of CNS tumours from 2011 until 2015. The most common tumours were meningioma (32.96%) followed by glioma (21.35%) and pituitary adenoma (16.10%). In meningioma, most occur in women, 41 - 50 years old, located in the frontal region and the most common subtype is transitional meningioma. In glioma, most occur in men, 31 - 40 years old, located in the frontal region and the most common subtype is glioblastoma. In adenoma hipofisis, most occur in men, 41 - 50 years old.<br />Conclusion: The result of this study was accordance with the literature so this data could be a reference for further research.</p>

Other Central Nervous System Tumours of Childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Cecile Faure Conter ◽  
Didier Frappaz ◽  
Kristian W. Pajtler ◽  
Stefan M. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Cns Neoplasms

This chapter discusses a number of central nervous system (CNS) tumours of childhood. It details the diagnosis, radiology, molecular pathology, biology, and current treatment strategies for germ-cell tumours (both intracranial and extracranial) and craniopharyngiomas (WHO grade I tumours of the intra/suprasellar region). It also outlines the histopathology, molecular classification, risk stratification, surgery, and outlook for ependymomas. Ependymomas are the third most common paediatric tumour of the CNS, accounting for 10% of brain tumours in children. The chapter also covers choroid plexus tumours (CPT). These rare intraventricular neoplasms derive from the choroid plexus epithelium and represent 0.2% of all CNS neoplasms.

Central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-189
Author(s):  
Thankamma Ajithkumar ◽  
Tom Boterberg ◽  
Edmund Cheesman ◽  
Felice D’Arco ◽  
Karin Dieckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
System P ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Embryonal Tumours

Chapter 6 discusses brain tumours, the commonest solid neoplasms of children and young people, which account for about one-quarter of all malignancies in this age group. There are many different varieties: medulloblastomas and other embryonal tumours, and low- and high-grade gliomas, form the commonest categories. Craniopharyngiomas, ependymomas, intracranial germ cell tumours, and other rare types are less frequently encountered. Most brain and spinal tumours are treated with a multimodality schedule comprising surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The place of radiotherapy in the management of central nervous system tumours is described in detail.

scholarly journals An Overview of Central Nervous System Tumours

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-386
Author(s):  
Brian Thabile Flepisi ◽  
Marissa Balmith
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts

Central nervous system (CNS) tumours refer to tumours that occur in the tissues of the brain and/or spinal cord. These tumours arise as a result of abnormal growth of cells and may begin in different parts of the brain or spinal cord. There are many types of CNS tumours, which are further divided into subtypes. Despite decades of research conducted, CNS tumours remain among the deadliest of all cancers. It is most often challenging to treat these tumours, due to the risks involved, and biological characteristics associated with them. The classification, grading, and characterisation of CNS tumour plays a pivotal role in the management thereof. The current review provides an overview of CNS tumours, classification, grading and treatment, as well as their characterisation with specific focus on gliomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas, meningiomas, medulloblastomas, schwannomas, gangliogliomas, and craniopharyngiomas. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-8 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Analysis of histopathological spectrum of intracranial central nervous system tumours in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil S. Deshpande ◽  
Anil B. Munemane ◽  
Ravindra R. Karle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
International Data ◽  
Cns Tumours

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Descriptive epidemiology of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumours is a significant part of tumour studies which provides information on magnitude and distribution of the lesions. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of frequency of intracranial CNS tumours with comparison with national and international data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study 101 intracranial CNS tumours diagnosed over a period of 4 years were included. Histological diagnosis of tumours was confirmed and they were classified according to revised WHO classification of CNS tumours 2016. Frequencies of tumours in accordance to age, gender, location, laterality and grades were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 101 cases including 59 (58.42%) males and 42 (41.58%) females were studied. Paediatric and adult cases accounted for 17 (16.83%) and 84 (83.17%), respectively. Most tumours were noted in the 6th decade. Out of total cases, 91 (90.1%) were primary intracranial CNS tumours and 10 (9.9%) were metastatic tumours. Most common tumours were astrocytoma followed by meningioma. Among children, astrocytoma (41.18%), medulloblastomas (41.18%), ependymomas (11.76%) and meningiomas (5.88%) were the reported lesions. In adults, astrocytoma (39.29%), meningiomas (23.81%), metastatic tumours (11.90%), ependymomas (8.33%), hemangioblastomas (5.95%) and schwannomas (4.76%) were common. Glioblastomas were the commonest astrocytoma. WHO grade I tumours were commonest followed by grade IV.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:  </strong>The study gives a glimpse of prevalence of intracranial central nervous system tumours forming a baseline profile based primarily on the histopathological diagnosis at rural tertiary care hospital.</p>

scholarly journals PATH-01. MOLECULAR PROFILING OF PAEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOURS IN AUSTRALASIA – AN UPDATE ON THE AIM BRAIN AND MNP2.0 PROJECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii424-iii424
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Algar ◽  
White Christine ◽  
Kathryn Kinross ◽  
Molly Buntine ◽  
David Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Methylation Array ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Trial Testing ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Methylation Profiling

Abstract The Access to Innovative Molecular Profiling for Paediatric Brain Cancers (AIM BRAIN) project is a trial testing the feasibility of clinical implementation of diagnostic methylation and molecular profiling for central nervous system (CNS) tumours in Australia and New Zealand. AIM BRAIN builds on an existing study, MNP2.0, and allows cross-validation of results derived from identical samples in separate laboratories in Melbourne, Australia, and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany. Parallel methylation profiling (Illumina 850K EPIC array) from co-enrolled cases has revealed excellent concordance between laboratories with 50/51 cases (98%) yielding identical classification using the DKFZ Molecular Neuropathology 2.0 Classifier v11b4. 77/91 (85%) of AIM BRAIN cases classified concordantly by methylation array when compared to their diagnostic histopathology. Of these 77 cases, 16 had classifications below a threshold of 0.90, however still classified correctly. In 14 discordant cases either the histopathology was not well defined, not represented on the classifier, or a very low classification score was obtained. Molecular profiling through MNP2.0 identified 49/167 (29.3%) tumours with gene fusions including BRAF-KIAA1549 (n=29), RELA-C1lorf95 (n=5) and 15 rare or novel fusions. BRAF-KIAA1549 was almost exclusively associated with pilocytic astrocytoma (28/29) and RELA-C1lorf95 with ependymoma. Six pathogenic germline mutations were identified in TP53 (n=2), BRCA1, NF1, LZTR1 and ATM. The incidence of germline predisposition was low (4%) and sex biased towards females (5F:1M), (p&lt;0.08). Our findings confirm methylation profiling as a robust platform for classifying CNS tumours with potential to reveal new CNS tumour entities when combined with molecular profiling.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Study of Primary Central Nervous System Tumours - A Descriptive Study in a Tertiary Care Center Hospital of Dakshina Kannada

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 3109-3114
Author(s):  
Deepak Panasseril Jayapradeep ◽  
Muktha R. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Tumours

BACKGROUND The central nervous system (CNS) consisting of brain and spinal cord is a delicate and a complex organ. Even a minor lesion within the central nervous system can significantly affect the higher functions and the voluntary and involuntary systems of the body. The CNS tumours have become one among the leading cause of cancer death in the present days. Early diagnosis and proper grading of these tumours can significantly improve the patient outcome. This study was conducted with an objective of correlating the clinical features with histomorphological characteristics of the primary CNS tumours and to grade the primary CNS tumors based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification. METHODS This was a descriptive observational study. A total of 117 cases of primary CNS tumours were collected from January 2012 to June 2017 at the central diagnostic laboratory of A.J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore belonging to the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India. Out of 117 cases, 35 cases were retrieved from the files and remaining 82 were fresh cases. The tissues were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin and routinely processed. The tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and were classified based on WHO classification. Special stain like reticulin was done in selected cases to establish the diagnosis. Patient details including the complete clinical history was collected to correlate with the histological findings. RESULTS Meningeal tumours were the maximum (37.6 %) among the central nervous system tumours in present study. Clinically, most of them (40.9 %) presented with headache and seizures. The commonest clinical presentation of central nervous system tumours observed in the present study was seizures (31.6 %). Middle cranial fossa was the preferred site for the CNS tumours (35 %). The study showed a female preponderance for CNS tumour with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1.3. The mean age for primary CNS tumours observed in the present study was 43.94 years. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, a systematic analysis of primary central nervous system tumour has been done giving due importance to the clinical features. The present study also showed a significant correlation with that of other studies. Despite of having modern imaging technique, the histopathological examination remains as the gold standard in diagnosing CNS tumours. KEY WORDS CNS Tumours, Neuroepithelial Tumours, Meningioma, Astrocytoma, Schwannoma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document