Occupational Medicine

2010 ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Robert R. Orford ◽  
Hamid Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Automobile Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
Medical Programs

Occupational medicine is the medical specialty devoted to 1) prevention and management of occupational injury, illness, and disability, and 2) promotion of health and productivity of workers, their families, and communities. Historically, occupational medicine was termed industrial medicine when heavy industry (eg, lumbering, automobile manufacturing, mining, railroads, steel manufacturing) employed physicians to provide acute medical and surgical care for workers. However, by 1945, medical programs had spread to business organizations that predominantly were staffed with clerical and service employees (eg, banks, insurance companies, mercantile establishments). The broader designation of occupational medicine then came into common use. Occupational medicine was recognized as a specialty by the American Board of Preventive Medicine in 1955.

Operative Volume of Newborn Surgery in German University Hospitals: High Volume Versus Low Volume Centers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lacher ◽  
Winfried Barthlen ◽  
Felicitas Eckoldt ◽  
Guido Fitze ◽  
Jörg Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Abdominal Emergencies ◽  
Low Volume

Abstract Introduction Adequate patient volume is essential for the maintenance of quality, meaningful research, and training of the next generation of pediatric surgeons. The role of university hospitals is to fulfill these tasks at the highest possible level. Due to decentralization of pediatric surgical care during the last decades, there is a trend toward reduction of operative caseloads. The aim of this study was to assess the operative volume of the most relevant congenital malformations at German academic pediatric surgical institutions over the past years. Methods Nineteen chairpersons representing university-chairs in pediatric surgery in Germany submitted data on 10 index procedures regarding congenital malformations or neonatal abdominal emergencies over a 3-year period (2015 through 2017). All institutions were categorized according to the total number of respective cases into “high,” “medium,” and “low” volume centers by terciles. Some operative numbers were verified using data from health insurance companies, when available. Finally, the ratio of cumulative case load versus prevalence of the particular malformation was calculated for the study period. Results From 2015 through 2017, a total 2,162 newborns underwent surgery for congenital malformations and neonatal abdominal emergencies at German academic medical centers, representing 51% of all expected newborn cases nationwide. The median of cases per center within the study period was 101 (range 18–258). Four institutions (21%) were classified as “high volume” centers, four (21%) as “medium volume” centers, and 11 (58%) as “low volume” centers. The proportion of patients operated on in high-volume centers varied per disease category: esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula: 40%, duodenal atresia: 40%, small and large bowel atresia: 39%, anorectal malformations: 40%, congenital diaphragmatic hernia: 56%, gastroschisis: 39%, omphalocele: 41%, Hirschsprung disease: 45%, posterior urethral valves: 39%, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)/focal intestinal perforation (FIP)/gastric perforation (GP): 45%. Conclusion This study provides a national benchmark for neonatal surgery performed in German university hospitals. The rarity of these cases highlights the difficulties for individual pediatric surgeons to gain adequate clinical and surgical experience and research capabilities. Therefore, a discussion on the centralization of care for these rare entities is necessary.

Insurability and employability of young cardiac patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
James A. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Clinical Cardiology ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Medical Directors ◽  
The Individual

The conference ended with a sense of improved understanding by the cardiologists, medical directors of life insurance companies, and physicians in industrial medicine of the shared problems and of the opportunities to liberalize the restrictions on insurance and on employment of the adult with congenital heart disease and to remove them altogether for the individual with a bona fide innocent murmur. Like clinical cardiology, insurance medicine is an ever-changing field, and medical directors of insurance companies are willing to consider that they can insure many conditions they had previously declined.

Why I became an occupational physician …

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Hans Engel
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Occupational Physician ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Industrial Medicine

Why I became an occupational physician … briefly explores the reasons and influences behind H. Engel’s decision to pursue a career in occupational medicine. It takes us through his move from Nazi Germany to a British Medical School, service in the Armed Forces, and later move to industrial medicine.

Why I became an occupational physician …

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Ralph Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Physician ◽  
Industrial Medicine

Why I became an occupational physician … briefly explores the reasons and influences behind Ralph Aston’s decision to pursue a career in occupational medicine. It takes us through fifty years of his career as he ascends the ranks of ‘industrial medicine’ through changing motivations and the odd bit of advice.

Fifty years ago: ‘General practice and industrial medicine in the United States’

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
B.H. Pentney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
Selection Of

This series provides a selection of articles from the past. In Fifty years ago: ‘General practice and industrial medicine in the United States’ B.H. Pentney briefly explores the trend towards compensation in occupational medicine, and how it may be a hindrance to the practice.

Perceived customer participation and work engagement: the path through emotional labor

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Customer Participation ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how service employee’s perceived customer participation influences beneficial deep acting behaviors among service personnel while dampening the development of the less-beneficial surface acting, which subsequently affects service employees’ work engagement. Specifically, the current research explores how the personal factors of customer orientation (CO) and employee-customer fit interact with the customer participation to ultimately develop either surface – or deep-acting behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Data for the study were collected from a cross-sectional sample of retail bank and insurance companies in South Korea. Questionnaires were distributed to 750 frontline employees of several banks and insurance companies. Of these, 518 questionnaires were used for further analysis. Findings The results indicate that perceived customer participation exhibits the predicted negative influence on surface acting as well as the positive effect on deep acting. Using the hierarchical moderated regression approach, the interaction effect of customer participation and CO on the service employees’ surface acting was found. Finally, the positive moderating effect of employee’s perceived fit with customers in the relationship between perceived customer participation and employees’ deep acting was supported. Research limitations/implications First, the specific service sectors chosen for this study are retail banking and insurance. Furthermore, the study was conducted among the frontline employees of banks and insurance companies in South Korea. Second, the study used single-source data, which are prone to common method variance. While the survey instrument was structured carefully with this in mind and the results suggested that method bias may not have been an issue in this study, this problem can best be avoided by collecting data from multiple sources. Third, this study is limited by its cross-sectional approach. The cross-sectional nature of the present study does not allow causal inferences. Practical implications This study provides a practical implication for managers to understand the importance of customer participation for relieving the negative effects of employee emotional labor. From a practitioner standpoint, examining the relationship between customer participation and emotional labor is of great importance given the benefits and costs associated with managing customer participation. Thus, managers should magnify the positive effect of perceived customer participation on emotional labor by increasing frontline employees’ understanding of customer participation. Second, the finding that CO plays a more critical role in the reduction of surface acting has important managerial implications. The recruitment and selection of frontline employees should incorporate an assessment of the level of CO. The results of this study strongly suggest that service organizations can greatly benefit from hiring individuals with a higher CO for frontline positions because CO signals a better job-person fit. Originality/value The present study is the first to link employees’ perceived customer participation with their attempts at emotional labor at work and to study how those attempts lead to work engagement. This research also shows that understanding how service employees’ CO moderates the effects of customer participation on beneficial deep acting and on destructive surface acting is important in that emotional labor is a potential driver of customers’ emotional states and subsequent assessments of service interaction. A third contribution of this study is the use of a new concept, which will be called person-customer fit (PCF), to reflect employees’ perceived fit with customers. Although many researchers have investigated the relationship between customers and frontline employees, the research has primarily focussed on the employees’ perceived fit with their organization and members of the organization and overlooked the importance of PCF.

9to5

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Windham
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Young Women ◽  
National Level ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
International Union ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Labor Organizing ◽  
Union Local ◽  
New Form

This chapter is about 9to5, an association founded by women office workers in Boston in 1973 who pioneered a new form of labor organizing. The young women built on new consciousness from the women’s movement to use affirmative action suits, public opinion, and novel organizing tactics to win power in Boston’s banks, insurance companies, and universities. In 1975, the women formed a sister union, Local 925, with the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). They then replicated this dual structure on a national level by the end of the 1970s.

scholarly journals Market oriented occupational medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (36) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439
Author(s):  
Imre Rurik ◽  
Károly Cseh
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Board Examination ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Primary Care Services

The history and the recent state of occupational medicine in Hungary, and its relation with governmental labor organizations are analyzed. In the past 20 years, large “socialist” factories were replaced by smaller companies employing fewer workers. They have been forced to establish contract with occupational health providers. Many of them offer primary care services, whereas family physicians having a board examination in occupational medicine are allowed to work in this field as well. The market of occupational medicine is less regulated, and ethical rules are not always considered. Undercutting prices is a common practice. The recent system could be improved by some regulations which should be respected. There is no reason to make rough changes establishing a new market for profit oriented insurance companies, and to allow employees and employers to work without specification neglecting international agreements. Occupational medicine should be supervised again by the health authorities instead of economists who have quite different, short-term priorities. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1433–1439.

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