Coccidioides Species

2012 ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Janis E Blair
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
South American ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Coccidioides Posadasii ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
Life Zone ◽  
Parasitic Phase

Coccidioidomycosis is endemic only in the Western Hemisphere, mainly in southern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and much of central and southern California, and in small areas in South American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, and Venezuela. It is highly endemic in northern Mexico. The organism grows in soil in a semiarid, geographically restricted region, the Lower Sonoran Life Zone. Two nearly identical species cause coccidioidomycosis: Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Upon inhalation, the fungus enters the lungs and converts to the tissue parasitic phase, which consists of alternating spherules and endospores. Infection can be asymptomatic or can cause flulike symptoms, meningitis, or skin, bone or joint manifestations. Diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed.

Mandibular Osteomyelitis Caused by Coccidiodes Immitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Lyon ◽  
Ross A. Bard
Keyword(s):  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Saprophytic Fungus ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Zone ◽  
History Of Pain ◽  
Semi Arid

Mandibular osteomyelitis was diagnosed in an 18-month old male Labrador retriever with one-week history of pain when opening the mouth. The dog is responding to treatment after three months on oral ketoconazole. Serology tests were positive for Coccidiodes immitis. Radiographic diagnosis was monitored during therapy. Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever, San Joaquin Valley Fever) is caused by a saprophytic fungus, Coccidioides immitis. The term valley fever is used to describe cases of coccidioidomycosis and refers to the San Joaquin Valley in California, where many of the first human cases were described. Coccidioides immitis is a highly specialized saprophytic fungus that lives in the soils of semi-arid geographic areas in the western hemisphere. The specialized growth requirements are met in the area called the lower Sonoran life zone. The epizootiology has been described elsewhere.1,2

scholarly journals All That Coughs Is Not Covid-19: A Delayed Diagnosis of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Following SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C Chen ◽  
Darren Wong ◽  
Sina Rabi ◽  
Scott Worswick ◽  
Brittney DeClerck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Endemic Fungi ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Abstract Coccidioides immitis (and C. posadasii) are endemic fungi of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Uncomplicated, symptomatic Coccidioides infection most commonly causes a self-limited pneumonia; however, immunocompromised patients can manifest severe pneumonia with an additional risk of dissemination to bone, joints, soft tissues, and in the most severe the cases, the central nervous system. In the year 2020 clinicians are challenged with a previously unseen volume of acute respiratory complaints as a result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. We present a patient with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 who experienced prolonged hypoxia and neurologic deterioration, eventually leading to a diagnosis of occult disseminated coccidiomycosis involving meningitis, miliary-pattern pneumonia, and cutaneous lesions.

scholarly journals Wild Life Preservation in the British West Indies, British Honduras and British Guiana

Oryx ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-334
Keyword(s):  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
South American ◽  
British West Indies ◽  
American Continent ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
The One ◽  
South American Continent ◽  
Wild Life

Problems of nature preservation in British territories of central America may be clearly divided between continental countries, British Honduras and British Guiana on the one hand, and the islands on the other; although the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago has much in common with that of the South American continent. The islands of the Greater and Lesser Antilles have been separated long enough from the mainland and from each other, for them to have developed their own plants and animals. Common to continental and island countries, however, are the migratory shore birds of the western hemisphere.

scholarly journals The beetle family Carabidae of Costa Rica: The genus Epikastea Liebke of the Plochonida Group, with new Neotropical species and notes on their way of life (Insecta: Coleoptera, Lebiini, Agrina)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 790 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRY L. ERWIN
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New South ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Definition Of

Genus Epikastea Liebke 1936, of the Plochionida Group of Subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, with six species is revised. Subtribe Agrina consists of those species formerly included in the Subtribe Calleidina. The species of Epikastea Liebke 1936 are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. One species occurs in Costa Rica; five are new South American species and are here assigned to this genus. The five new species described are: Epikastea biolat Erwin, n. sp. (PER , MADRE DE DIOS, Rio Manu, BIOLAT Biodiversity Station, Pakitza Guard Station, 356m, 11 56 47 S, 071 17 00 W), Epikastea grace Erwin, n. sp. (PER , LORETO, Samiria River, Camp Manco Capac, 04 43 0 S, 074 18 0 W), Epikastea mancocapac Erwin, n. sp. (PER , LORETO, Samiria River, Camp Manco Capac, 04 43 0 S, 074 18 0 W), Epikastea piranha Erwin, n. sp. (ECUADOR. ORELLANA, Hauorani Territory, Camp Pira a, 0 39' 25.685" S, 76 27' 10.813" W), Epikastea poguei Erwin, n. sp. (PER , MADRE DE DIOS, Rio Manu, BIOLAT Biodiversity Station, Pakitza Guard Station, 356m, 11 56 47 S, 071 17 00 W). A definition of the Plochionida Group and an identification key to the Western Hemisphere genera included are provided. A key to the known species of Epikastea Liebke is given. Distribution data are provided for all species and a map is provided for the Costa Rican taxon. Adults of Epikastea Liebke have been found on rotting logs in rainforests and fogged from the canopy of tropical trees and palms.

scholarly journals Coilopoceras inflatum Cobban and Hook, 1980, a United States Western Interior ammonite from the Upper Turonian of the southern Corbières, Aude, France

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Patrice Melchior ◽  
Michel Bilotte ◽  
William J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Pacific Species

Abstract A newly discovered ammonite faunule from the Padern region of the southern Corbières in southern France includes representatives of typical northwest European Upper Turonian species Subprionocyclus cf. neptuni (Geinitz, 1850) and Lewesiceras cf. woodi Wright 1979, tethyan/ northwestern Pacific species Phyllopachyceras cf. ezoense (Yokoyama, 1890), Anagaudryceras involvulum (Stoliczka, 1865) and, Desmoceras (Pseudouhligella) sp., together with Coilopoceras inflatum Cobban and Hook, 1980, a species previously known only from New Mexico in the United States, where it is regarded as Middle Turonian. The faunule occurs above one with Romaniceras (R.) mexicanum Jones, 1938 and Coilopoceras springeri Hyatt, 1903, also originally described from New Mexico and northern Mexico, and recently described from the Uchaux massif in Vaucluse in southern France. The records suggest that the base of the Upper Turonian may be drawn at different, higher level in the United States Western Interior than in Europe. The coming together of these mixed faunal elements may be a result of high sea levels, and changing oceanic circulation patterns.

Women, Politics, and Media in Uruguay, 1900–1950

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ehrick
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
Mass Medium ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Country ◽  
Important Publication

In the first half of the 20th century, Uruguay was a relatively educated, democratic, and politically progressive South American country, and women there used old and new media for professional and political ends. Radical, Catholic, and liberal feminist women all utilized print media to promote their views and build support for their respective causes in publications aimed at both female and general audiences. Anarchist feminist María Collazo, for example, edited an important publication, La Batalla, from 1915 to approximately 1927. By the late 1920s, radio was an emerging mass medium, and women activists, journalists, and others sought to make their voices heard, literally and figuratively, on its airwaves. Starting in 1935, those airwaves included Radio Femenina, the first all-woman format radio station in the Western Hemisphere. One of the voices heard on Radio Femenina was Dra. Paulina Luisi, Uruguay’s leading feminist activist, who became a powerful voice of both the Socialist Party and the politics of the Popular Front in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

scholarly journals A Recombinant β-1,3-Glucanosyltransferase Homolog of Coccidioides posadasii Protects Mice against Coccidioidomycosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3010-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Delgado ◽  
Jianmin Xue ◽  
Jieh-Juen Yu ◽  
Chiung-Yu Hung ◽  
Garry T. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Coccidioides Posadasii ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Parasitic Phase ◽  
Full Length Gene ◽  
Human Vaccine

ABSTRACT Coccidioides posadasii is a fungal respiratory pathogen which is responsible for recurrent epidemics of San Joaquin Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) in desert regions of the southwestern United States. Numerous studies have revealed that the cell wall of the parasitic phase of the fungus is a reservoir of immunoreactive macromolecules and a potential source of a vaccine against this mycosis. A 495-bp fragment of a C. posadasii gene which encodes a putative wall-associated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase was identified by computational analysis of the partially sequenced genome of this pathogen. The translated, full-length gene (GEL1) showed high sequence homology to a reported β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase of Aspergillus fumigatus (70% identity, 90% similarity) and was selected for further study. The GEL1 mRNA of C. posadasii was detected at the highest level during the endosporulation stage of the parasitic cycle, and the mature protein was immunolocalized to the surface of endospores. BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with the bacterium-expressed recombinant protein (rGel1p) to evaluate its protective efficacy against a lethal challenge of C. posadasii by either the intraperitoneal or intranasal route. In both cases, rGel1p-immune mice infected with the pathogen showed a significant reduction in fungal burden and increased survival compared to nonimmune mice. The recombinant β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase is a valuable addition to an arsenal of immunoreactive proteins which could be incorporated into a human vaccine against coccidioidomycosis.

scholarly journals Differences in Host Innate Responses among Coccidioides Isolates in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. G. Lewis ◽  
Victoria R. David ◽  
Adina L. Doyle ◽  
Khadijeh Rajabi ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Coccidioides Posadasii ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTCoccidioides immitisandCoccidioides posadasiiare soil-dwelling fungi and the causative agents of coccidioidomycosis, a mycosis endemic to certain semiarid regions in the Americas. The most common route of infection is by inhalation of airborneCoccidioidesarthroconidia. Once a susceptible host inhales the conidia, a transition to mature endosporulated spherules can occur within the first 5 days of infection. For this study, we examined the host response in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis during a time period of infection that has not been well characterized. We collected lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from BALB/c mice that were infected with aC. immitispure strain, aC. immitishybrid strain, or aC. posadasiistrain as well as uninfected mice. We compared the host responses to theCoccidioidesstrains used in this study by assessing the level of transcription of selected cytokine genes in lung tissues and characterized host and fungal proteins present in BALF. Host response varied depending on theCoccidioidesstrain that was used and did not appear to be overly robust. This study provides a foundation to begin to dissect the host immune response early in infection, to detect abundantCoccidioidesproteins, and to develop diagnostics that target these early time points of infection.

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