scholarly journals All That Coughs Is Not Covid-19: A Delayed Diagnosis of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Following SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C Chen ◽  
Darren Wong ◽  
Sina Rabi ◽  
Scott Worswick ◽  
Brittney DeClerck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Endemic Fungi ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Abstract Coccidioides immitis (and C. posadasii) are endemic fungi of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Uncomplicated, symptomatic Coccidioides infection most commonly causes a self-limited pneumonia; however, immunocompromised patients can manifest severe pneumonia with an additional risk of dissemination to bone, joints, soft tissues, and in the most severe the cases, the central nervous system. In the year 2020 clinicians are challenged with a previously unseen volume of acute respiratory complaints as a result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. We present a patient with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 who experienced prolonged hypoxia and neurologic deterioration, eventually leading to a diagnosis of occult disseminated coccidiomycosis involving meningitis, miliary-pattern pneumonia, and cutaneous lesions.

scholarly journals Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Liver: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cambruzzi ◽  
Enilde Eloena Guerra ◽  
Hamilton Cardoso Hilgert ◽  
Herbert Jorge Schmitz ◽  
Vinícius Lopes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Resected Liver ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
The Right

Primary liver sarcomas represent a rare group of neoplasias, with angiosarcoma being the most common histological type. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) represents a high malignant neoplasia that usually affects the central nervous system and soft tissues. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted with clinical complains of pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. The clinical evaluation revealed a solid mass in the right hepatic lobe. On the gross examination of the resected liver specimen, the right lobe of the liver was replaced by a yellow-red solid mass measuring 21 cm in its largest dimension. On the histopathology, a tumor composed of small round blue cells with little cytoplasm and round nuclei was identified. The lesion revealed positive immunoexpression for vimentin and CD99 and negative immunostaining for desmin, CD45, cytokeratin, and neuroblastoma protein, suggesting, then, the diagnosis of PNET. Although it is an unusual tumor, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver masses, especially in young patients.

scholarly journals Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Soles ◽  
Allecia Wilson ◽  
David R. Lucas ◽  
Amer Heider
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Blue Cell

Context.— Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, albeit rare and generally regarded as benign, is an important tumor to recognize because of its rapid growth, potential for local recurrence, and small round blue cell morphology, which can lead to misdiagnosis of a malignant neoplasm. Objective.— To review its clinical presentation and immunomorphologic findings, and discuss common entities in the differential diagnosis. Data Sources.— The study involved PubMed searches, including multiple review articles, case studies, retrospective studies, selected book chapters, and University of Michigan cases. Conclusions.— Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy most commonly occurs in the bones of the head and neck region during the first year of life, but it can also present in other locations, including the central nervous system, testes, ovaries, and subcutaneous soft tissues. Histologically, it is composed of a biphasic population of cells, consisting of epithelioid melanin-producing cells and primitive neurogenic cells in a fibrocollagenous stroma. These microscopic findings, especially in small biopsies, can lead to a broad differential diagnosis that includes malignant small round blue cell tumors and malignant melanoma. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy commonly has an infiltrative growth pattern, and anatomic constraints often lead to incomplete resection and local recurrence, requiring multiple surgical operations. Because melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy can mimic a more aggressive and aggressively treated malignancy, recognition of this rare tumor is very crucial for pathologists.

Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Metastatic to the Pancreas: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
John Vollmerhausen ◽  
Joel White ◽  
Michael D. Prados
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extraneural Metastases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multidrug Chemotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Weiss Criteria

Abstract A case is reported in which a desmoplastic medulloblastoma metastasized to the pancreas and to the surrounding soft tissues but did not recur locally or disseminate within the central nervous system. Multidrug chemotherapy and local radiation therapy resulted in a complete remission. In all four previously reported cases of medulloblastoma metastasizing to the pancreas, the diagnosis was not made until the postmortem examination, and all of these patients also had extensive metastases in other organ systems. Modification of the Weiss criteria defining extraneural metastases from tumors of the central nervous system is suggested.

Paediatrische Radiologie: Stützgewebe-Zentralnervensystem-Syndrome, Vol. I, by Franz Schmid. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972, 504 pp., $78.70

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-631
Author(s):  
Edward B. D. Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Radiology ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Only the first volume of this projected two-volume textbook of pediatric radiology is available for review. Included in the first volume is a discussion of bones and soft tissues, the central nervous system, and 100 pages of syndromes in brief tabulated form. This is a handsome book written in German with 451 excellent illustrations. Few of the 16 contributing authors are well known in this country and it would seem that few are full-time pediatric radiologists.

Bladder Problems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Ahlskog
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neurogenic Bladder ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
System Control ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Urinary problems occur with normal aging. In women they often relate to the changes in female anatomy due to the delivering of babies. With superimposed age-related changes in soft tissues, laxity may result in incontinence (loss of urinary control), especially with coughing, laughing, or straining. In men the opposite symptom tends to occur: urinary hesitancy (inability to evacuate the bladder). This is due to constriction of the bladder outlet by an enlarging prostate; the prostate normally surrounds the urethra, through which urine passes. DLB and PDD are often associated with additional bladder problems. Recall that the autonomic nervous system regulates bladder function and that this system tends to malfunction in Lewy disorders. Hence, reduced bladder control is frequent among those with DLB, PDD, and Parkinson’s disease. This condition is termed neurogenic bladder, which implies that the autonomic nervous system control of bladder reflexes is not working properly. This may manifest as urgency with incontinence or hesitancy. Neurogenic bladder problems require different strategies than those used for treating the simple age-related problems that develop in mid-life and beyond. Moreover, there are certain caveats to treatment once a neurogenic bladder is recognized. The bladder is simply a reservoir that holds urine. It is located in the lower pelvis and is distant from the kidneys. The kidneys essentially filter the circulating blood and make the urine. The urine flows down from the kidneys into the bladder, as shown in Figure 14.1. Normally, as the bladder slowly fills with urine, a reflex is triggered when it is nearly full. This results in conscious awareness of the need to urinate, plus it primes the reflexive tendency of the bladder to contract in order to expel the urinary contents. The bladder is able to contract because of muscles in the bladder walls. Normally, nerves activate these muscles at the appropriate time, which forcefully squeeze the bladder, expelling the urine. Nerve sensors in the bladder wall are activated by bladder filling and transmit this information to the central nervous system, ramping up bladder wall muscle activity.

Coccidioidomycosis

2010 ◽  
pp. 1020-1023
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Anstead ◽  
John R. Graybill
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
System Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

Coccidioidomycosis results from inhalation of arthroconidia of Coccidioides spp., which are soil fungi endemic to the south-western United States of America and parts of Latin America. Most infections are asymptomatic, but primary infection may resemble community-acquired pneumonia, sometimes with hypersensitivity manifestations such as erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, and arthritis. Acute pulmonary infection usually resolves spontaneously, but—especially in immunocompromised patients, African Americans, and Filipinos—it may progress to persistent pulmonary disease or disseminate to skin, soft tissues, the osteoarticular system, and the central nervous system. Diagnosis is by culture, histopathology or serology. Fluconazole and itraconazole are usually the initial drugs of choice, with amphotericin B reserved for severe pulmonary and disseminated disease, and in pregnancy. In refractory cases, posaconazole and voriconazole are alternative antifungal agents....

Late Identification of Chikungunya Virus in the Central Nervous System of a 2-Month-Old Infant: Persistence of Maternal-Neonatal Infection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Fátima C P A Di Maio Ferreira ◽  
Anamaria S V da Silva ◽  
Ana M Bispo de Filippis ◽  
Patrícia Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Test

Abstract We report here a probable case of vertical transmission of chikungunya infection with confirmed maternal viremia close to labor that led to severe infection in the newborn. The newborn progressed with cutaneous lesions and irritability 2 months after vertical transmission, when chikungunya virus was detected in the infant’s CSF by a molecular diagnostic test (real-time polymerase chain reaction).

scholarly journals A Rare Presentation of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in the Nasolabial Fold

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hind K. Alshammari ◽  
Haya F. Alzamami ◽  
Mona Ashoor ◽  
Wasan F. Almarzouq ◽  
Haitham Kussaibi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Nasolabial Fold ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sublabial Approach

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a benign lesion that occurs most frequently in the soft tissues and viscera. In the head and neck region, the tumor has been reported to occur in the orbit, tongue, nasopharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses and the central nervous system. Despite being a benign lesion, it exhibits infiltrative and destructive behaviours, making histopathological examination necessary to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a 38-year-old female presented with a right nasolabial fold mass, which was confirmed histologically to be an IMT. Surgical excision of the mass was achieved through a sublabial approach with an uneventful postoperative period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an IMT in the nasolabial fold.

scholarly journals Pathology Associated With Streptococcus spp. Infection in Baboons (Papio spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-722
Author(s):  
Katelin L. Davis ◽  
Olga Gonzalez ◽  
Shyamesh Kumar ◽  
Edward J. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Archived Specimens

Streptococcus spp. are a source of morbidity and mortality in captive nonhuman primate populations. However, little is known about the lesions associated with naturally occurring streptococcal infections in baboons ( Papio spp.). The pathology database of the Southwest National Primate Research Center was searched for all baboon autopsies from 1988 to 2018 in which Streptococcus spp. were cultured. Baboons on experimental protocol were excluded. The gross autopsy and histopathology reports were reviewed. Archived specimens were retrieved and reviewed as needed for confirmation or clarification. Fifty-six cultures were positive for Streptococcus spp. in 54 baboons with evidence of bacterial infection. Associated gross lesions included purulent exudate, fibrinous to fibrous adhesions, hemorrhage, mucosal thickening, organomegaly, and abscessation. Histologic lesions included suppurative inflammation, abscessation, necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrin accumulation, and thrombosis. Lungs and pleura ( n = 31) were the most commonly infected organ followed by the central nervous system ( n = 16), spleen ( n = 15), soft tissues ( n = 12), air sacs, liver, peritoneum, adrenal glands, heart, lymph nodes, uterus, kidneys, biliary system, bones, ears, umbilical structures, mammary glands, pancreas, placenta, and salivary glands. Infections by non-β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. predominated in the lungs and air sacs; the most common isolate was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infections by β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. predominated in the soft tissues and reproductive tract. Naturally occurring β-hemolytic and non-β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. infections cause morbidity and mortality in captive baboon populations. The lesions associated with streptococcal infection are similar to those reported in human infection. Thus, the baboon may represent an underutilized model for studying Streptococcus spp. as pathogens.

Ewing's Family of Tumors Involving Structures Related to the Central Nervous System: A Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gary Hadfield ◽  
Martha M. Quezado ◽  
Robert L. Williams ◽  
Vivian Y. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This review consolidates information gleaned from several case reports and larger series on Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (EFT) involving structures related to and found in the central nervous system (CNS). These tumors involve the skull, the spinal column, adjacent soft tissues, the meninges, and the brain. We have separated the cases by skull region and spinal column level, and we discuss the attendant differences in prognosis following treatment by neurosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Light and electron microscopic features can be used to differentiate EFT from other small round blue cell tumors that involve the CNS (central primitive neuroectodermal tumor, lymphoma, etc.). Recent molecular and genetic findings in EFT provide new diagnostic methods. We conclude that EFT involving the CNS and adjacent structures is not so rare as previously stated and that the prognosis is more favorable, as a rule, than for the more common examples arising in the long bones and pelvis.

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