Jerusalem Syndrome and Paris Syndrome

2016 ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Eliezer Witztum ◽  
Moshe Kalian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Idiom Of Distress ◽  
Rare Phenomena ◽  
First Time ◽  
Behavioral Phenomenon ◽  
Holy City

The affinity of people to a specific and meaningful geographical area is a well-known human behavioral phenomenon. Some scholars labeled this complex mental relationship with a significant space as “psychogeography.” In “Jerusalem syndrome” pilgrims and tourists may consider themselves to be biblical or messianic figures, act accordingly and utilize the Holy city as the arena where they act out their “mission.” “Paris syndrome” is a form of culture-shock observed primarily in Japanese tourists visiting Paris for the first time. Both are relatively rare phenomena. This chapter briefly describes the historical background and the cultural context underlying the narratives of the afflicted individuals. Research reveals that the vast majority of afflicted pilgrims suffered from severe mental problems prior to their arrival in the Holy City, and that the syndrome reflects their particular idiom of distress.

ABEL PRIZE AS THE FLAGSHIP OF WORLD MATH ADVANCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Grishina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Famous Scientist ◽  
International Authority ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The annual prize, awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Sciences, bears the name of the famous scientist Niels-Henrik Abel and has a reputation as a Nobel Prize for mathematicians, with its size in terms of money of about $1 million. Since Alfred Nobel, in his will, determined the range of scientific areas for the payment of bonuses that did not include mathematics, the Norwegian mathematician Sofus Lee at the end of his life devoted all his efforts and his international authority to create a foundation for awarding prizes to mathematicians. He wanted to give the award the name of Niels Henrik Abel, also a Norwegian mathematician. The article presents a historical background for the formation of the Abel Prize. The winners of the main mathematical prize for all the years of its existence and their major achievements are shown. Among laureates of the Abel Prize there are outstanding scientists from 11 countries: France, Great Britain, Lebanon, USA, Hungary, Sweden, India, Belgium, Russia, Canada and Israel. Three times the prize was at once awarded to two scientists. And in 2019, for the first time ever the woman – Karen Keskalla Uhlenbeck – professor, American mathematician, became the winner of the prestigious mathematics award.

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL EXPERTISE AND THE SOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN WOODEN SCULPTURE "NIKOLA MTSENSKY" ORIGINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
M.A. KOMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to present the history and the analysis of the Russian wooden sculpture “Nikola Мtsenskiy” results of the examination from Peter and Paul Cathedral in Mtsensk. For the first time, the author conducted a historical and cultural examination of this object for religious purposes. The article defines the historical and cultural context of this object existence, its veneration as a relic, the problem of comparing the “The Legend of the appearance of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas Wonderworker in the city of Mtsensk” and the preserved sculpture. The author also examines the historical and artistic sources of origin of similar items in the culture of the medieval Moscow state. The author dates the preserved fragment of the sculpture from Mtsensk Peter and Paul Cathedral to the late 1600s.

scholarly journals Normalizing Vision: The Representation and Use of Spectacles and Eyeglasses in Victorian Britain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Almond
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
Material Evidence

Abstract This study explores the representation and use of Victorian visual aids, specifically focusing on how the design of spectacle and eyeglass frames shaped ideas of the ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ body. It contributes to our understanding of assistive technologies in the Victorian period by showcasing the usefulness of material evidence for exploring how an object was produced and perceived. By placing visual aids in their medical and cultural context for the first time, it will show how the study of spectacle and eyeglass frames develops our understanding of Victorian society more broadly. Contemporaries drew upon industrialization, increasing education, and the proliferation of print to explain a rise in refractive vision ‘errors’. Through exploring the design of three spectacle frames from the London Science Museum’s collections, this study will show how the representations and manufacture of visual aids transformed in response to these wider changes. The material evidence, as well as contemporary newspapers, periodicals, and medical texts, reveal that visual aids evolved from an unusual to a more mainstream device. It argues that visual aids are a unique assistive technology, one that is able to inform our understanding of how Victorians measured the body and constructed ideas of ‘normalcy’ and ‘abnormalcy’.

scholarly journals Commentary: Nuancing the Meaning of Cultural Diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Jayme Montiel ◽  
Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mental Problems

The featured articles in the section on cultural diversity across the Pacific address important cultural issues in psychology as applied to psychopathology (Marsella & Yamada, 2011), intercultural relations and acculturation (Berry, 2011) and the phenomenon of culture shock (Furnham, 2011). We appreciate how the three articles offer a wide multidisciplinary lens and view mental problems from this broader vantage point. Beyond narratives of biology and individual personality dispositions, the authors include an anthropologists' eye to viewing mental illness (Marsella & Yamada, 2011), use sociological explanations of intergroup relations in a multicultural model of acculturation (Berry, 2011) and refer to demographic migration patterns to elucidate culture shock among foreign students (Furnham, 2011). The contribution of this set of writings lies in its insightful emphasis on how culture interfaces with one's subjective life. Our essay unpacks the cultural lens used in the psychological accounts, points out conceptual spaces that are largely unexplored in cross-cultural psychology (something that is observed and lamented by these authors in their articles here and elsewhere) and suggests avenues for future research about cultural diversity.

Archaeological Materials of Eneolithic Settlements in Forest-Steppe Zone of the Volga Region: A Source for Diet and Chronology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1596
Author(s):  
A Korolev ◽  
M Kulkova M ◽  
V Platonov ◽  
N Roslyakova ◽  
A Shalapinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

ABSTRACTThe study the diet of Eneolithic populations is of great interest to archaeologists. However, the studies undertaken in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Volga region in Russia have left many issues unsolved. Data collected recently through the comprehensive studies of Lebyazhinka VI settlement enable us to change this situation. Of particular importance at this settlement site is good preservation of animal bones, bone fishing tools, and ceramics of the same type with food crusts and connected to a large house pit. For the first time in this geographical area, bones of domestic animals were found in the fill of a dwelling. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained through comprehensive studies of diet and economy in the Eneolithic based on the materials from Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlement sites. The main results of the archaeozoological analysis— determinations of species, age and size of the animals—provide the necessary data for studying the diet. We conclude that there are differences between Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlements. Lebyazhinka III settlement included bones of only wild species, however, Lebyazhinka VI settlement consists of wild and domestic species.

scholarly journals Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Families from Southern Italy (Sicily)—Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1/2 Genes

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Lorena Incorvaia ◽  
Daniele Fanale ◽  
Giuseppe Badalamenti ◽  
Marco Bono ◽  
Valentina Calò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Sicilian Population

Recent advances in the detection of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes have allowed a deeper understanding of the BRCA-related cancer risk. Several studies showed a significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of PVs across different populations. Because little is known about this in the Sicilian population, our study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and geographic distribution of inherited BRCA1/2 PVs in families from this specific geographical area of Southern Italy. We retrospectively collected and analyzed all clinical information of 1346 hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer patients genetically tested for germline BRCA1/2 PVs at University Hospital Policlinico “P. Giaccone” of Palermo from January 1999 to October 2019. Thirty PVs were more frequently observed in the Sicilian population but only some of these showed a specific territorial prevalence, unlike other Italian and European regions. This difference could be attributed to the genetic heterogeneity of the Sicilian people and its historical background. Therefore hereditary breast and ovarian cancers could be predominantly due to BRCA1/2 PVs different from those usually detected in other geographical areas of Italy and Europe. Our investigation led us to hypothesize that a higher prevalence of some germline BRCA PVs in Sicily could be a population-specific genetic feature of BRCA-positive carriers.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Hylen
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The New Testament

This chapter briefly summarizes the book and its implications for interpreters of the New Testament. The book has argued that conventional virtues like modesty, industry, and loyalty did not negate women’s capacities to own property and act as patrons. Social norms were multiple and complex, and could be applied in different ways depending on the circumstances. Thus, social practices of the period made room for women to exert influence and become leaders and officeholders in their communities. A “modest” woman might be an acknowledged and widely sought leader of her city. This understanding of the cultural context may yield new interpretations of familiar New Testament material. The historical background does not force one single interpretation of any text; readers still face many exegetical decisions. However, the chapter identifies some of the broad implications of the study for New Testament interpretation.

scholarly journals First record of horned carp Schismatorynchos nukta (Sykes, 1839) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Bangladesh and its present status

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
M Arshad Ul Alam ◽  
MA Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
First Record ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Distribution Form ◽  
First Time

The horned carp, Schismatorynchos nukta (Sykes, 1839) has been recorded for the first time from Bangladesh geographical area under the investigated genus of Schismatorynchos (Bleeker 1855). This fish was collected from seine net catch while exploring the hilly upstream of Sangu river at Tindu and Remakri (Thanchi, Bandarban, Bangadesh) during the winter in 2015. The species S. nukta is mostly distributed in the upland tributaries of Krishna river systems at northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra and Karnataka in India. It is reported as endemic species of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Its distribution (IUCN status) and habitat conditions are dealt in the present paper. The findings add some information on its global distribution form and Indian endemic status.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(1): 85-92

Degree of Adaptation of Jerusalem Palestinian Students at Israeli Academic Colleges

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-430
Author(s):  
Omar Mizel
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Arab Students ◽  
Service Departments ◽  
East Jerusalem ◽  
Depth Interviews

Several international and local studies have indicated that Arab students face specific difficulties in adapting to and integrating into Israeli colleges. This research aims to identify and analyze the adaptation difficulties faced by Palestinian students in academic colleges in Israel. The research sample consists of Palestinian freshmen from different schools and neighborhoods in East Jerusalem who are studying at a college in West Jerusalem. In-depth interviews were used to document and analyze the experiences and challenges of these students on campus. The interviews revealed a number of factors that impede students’ adaptation and their academic success, and they can be grouped under the concepts of culture shock, language barriers, isolation, and transportation. To deal with these difficulties, students used different strategies such as piety, withdrawal, dependency, and distancing. Implementing specific programs to consider and address specific social and cultural aspects of Palestinian students’ difficulties may contribute to reducing the alienation and culture shock they face in college, such as introducing programs on life skills and treatment of others, hiring faculty who are capable of understanding the Palestinian cultural context and introducing qualified Arab staff in the administrative and service departments.

scholarly journals LC-MS/MS analysis of neonicotinoid insecticides: Residue findings in chilean honeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Bridi ◽  
Arturo Larena ◽  
Paula Núñez Pizarro ◽  
Ady Giordano ◽  
Gloria Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Galega Officinalis ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Neonicotinoids are a relatively new generation of insecticides that have been used for control of pests such as aphids, leafhoppers and whiteflies. This paper presents for the first time a determination of residues of four neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid and imidacloprid) in Chilean honey using QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The limits of detection and quantification found for all analytes ranging from 0.34 to 1.43 μg kg-1 and from 0.30 to 4.76 μg kg-1, respectively. The extraction using QuEChERS method provided recoveries over 79% and the precision showed coefficient of variation lower than 20%. These data are in agreement with the international criteria that recommend general recovery limits of 70 - 120%. Of the 16 samples analyzed, in three honey samples neonicotinoids pesticides were detected. These three samples were collected from the same geographical area (Rengo). Fruit and grain production characterize the province of Rengo. The analysis of the botanical origin of these honeys showed the absence of pollen grains of crops and the majority presence of pollen grains of weeds such as Medicago sativa, Galega officinalis and Brassica rapa, which could be associated with crops. Although the residue levels found were low, the results also confirm the actual occurrence of a transfer of neonicotinoid insecticides from exposed honeybees into honey.

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