Session 2

2007 ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Barbara Olasov Rothbaum ◽  
Edna B. Foa ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hembree
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Construction Safety ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Hierarchy Construction

Chapter 4 details the second session of the treatment program, including a discussion about common reactions to trauma (fear and anxiety, reexperiencing the trauma, increased arousal, avoidance, anger, guilt, grief and depression, negative self-image, suffering relationships, and alcohol or drug use), examples of in vivo exposure, an introduction to Subjective Units of Discomfort (SUDS), in vivo hierarchy construction, safety considerations, in vivo assignments, and the model of gradual in vivo exposure.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Kristin Entzian ◽  
Achim Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Safety Considerations

Conventional cancer chemotherapies often exhibit insufficient therapeutic outcomes and dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutics and formulations with higher efficacy, improved safety, and more favorable toxicological profiles. This has promoted the development of nanomedicines, including systems for drug delivery, but also for imaging and diagnostics. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome several biological barriers to improving efficiency and reducing toxicity. In addition, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are able to release their payload on demand at the tumor tissue site, preventing premature drug loss. This review focuses on ultrasound-triggered drug delivery by nanocarriers as a versatile, cost-efficient, non-invasive technique for improving tissue specificity and tissue penetration, and for achieving high drug concentrations at their intended site of action. It highlights aspects relevant for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, including ultrasound parameters and resulting biological effects. Then, concepts in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery are introduced and a comprehensive overview of several types of nanoparticles used for this purpose is given. This includes an in-depth compilation of the literature on the various in vivo ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems. Finally, toxicological and safety considerations regarding ultrasound-mediated drug delivery with nanocarriers are discussed.

Drug Use Themes for Teachers of Health

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Smith ◽  
Mary K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
State Health ◽  
Curriculum Guides ◽  
Health Instruction ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Major Emphasis

Content analysis was conducted on twenty-one curriculum guides used in state health instruction programs. In grades 9–12, the major emphasis was placed on the applications and on the dangers of the use of medications. In grades K-8, safety considerations such as proper storage received more attention. There was little information on the mechanism of action of medications, even though the audience for the guides includes teachers. Aside from frequent mention of the value of immunizations, the benefits of modern medicines received comparatively little attention. The pharmacist was the most frequently mentioned health professional.

Session 3: Developing the In vivo Hierarchy and Craving Management

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Sudie E. Back ◽  
Edna B. Foa ◽  
Therese K. Killeen ◽  
Katherine L. Mills ◽  
Maree Teesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Distress Scale

Chapter 5 discusses session three of the COPE treatment program, which details the development of the in vivo exposure hierarchy and craving management. The patient will construct a hierarchy of exposure exercises based on the discomfort that each exercise will cause them using a subjective units of distress scale (SUDS). Strategies for managing cravings are also presented, such as avoiding triggers, distraction, focusing on negative consequences, and challenging your thoughts.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengguna Napza Suntik dalam Tindakan Pemanfaatan Layanan Program Terapi Rumatan Methadon (PTRM) di Kota Cirebon

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dessy Aryanti ◽  
Bagoes Widjanarko ◽  
Kusyogo Cahyo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTAccording to the risk factors as a result of injecting drug use (IDU) were second highest, after the heterosexual and homo-bisexual. In IDUs face two risks for contracting HIV / AIDS, from the use of unsterilized needles and performed together or alternately with other IDUs and also through sexual intercourse, especially that done with more than one partner without using a condom. Methadone maintenance treatment program (PTRM) is included in the Harm Reduction program – This is a program of harm reduction drug use in preventing transmission of HIV / AIDS. This research is quantitative with correlational design, sampling using the technique across sectional the total population 50 person IDUs of injecting drug users in the city of Cirebon -use structured questionnaires technique. From the 50 IDUs who were respondents in this research note that 68% did not use PTRM services. It is because most IDUs still can not stop using injection drugs and have not been willing to switch to PTRM. Results of univariate analysis to determine the level of knowledge of IDUs about PTRM 88% have a good category, the attitude of the respondents 80% have category support PTRM, family attitudes 50% have category support PTRM, attitudes of peers 72% have a category does not support the utilizations PTRM, attitude of health workers 66% category does not support PTRM, and the availability of facilities and health facilities 52% support in PTRM services. For the bivariate analysis showed that the attitude of IDUs to program substitution therapy methadone-related measures the utilization of PTRM, whereas knowledge factors, family attitudes, attitudes of peers, attitude of health workers, and the availability of facilities. Then knowledge of IDUs about PTRM shows no relationship with the actions the utilization of PTRM , And based on multivariate analysis known that the action the utilization of PTRM is influenced by the family attitudes were supportive of the utilizations of Methadone maintenance treatment program (PTRM).Keywords: drug, injection, PTRM, HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals Incentive and dopamine sensitization produced by intermittent but not long access cocaine self-administration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex B. Kawa ◽  
Alec C. Valenta ◽  
Robert T. Kennedy ◽  
Terry E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intermittent Access ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Long Access

Recent studies suggest that the temporal pattern of drug use (pharmacokinetics) has a profound effect on the ability of self-administered cocaine to produce addiction-like behavior in rodents, and to change the brain. To further address this issue, we compared the effects of Long Access (LgA) cocaine self-administration, which is widely used to model the transition to addiction, with Intermittent Access (IntA), which is thought to better reflect the pattern of drug use in humans, on the ability of self-administered cocaine to increase dopamine (DA) overflow in the core of the nucleus accumbens (using in vivo microdialysis), and to produce addiction-like behavior. IntA experience was more effective than LgA in producing addiction-like behavior- a drug experience-dependent increase in motivation for cocaine assessed using behavioral economic procedures, and cue-induced reinstatement, despite much less total drug consumption. There were no group differences in basal levels of DA in dialysate, but a single self-administered IV injection of cocaine increased DA in the core of the nucleus accumbens to a greater extent in rats with prior IntA experience than those with LgA or Short Access (ShA) experience, and the latter two groups did not differ. Furthermore, high motivation for cocaine was associated with a high DA response. Thus, IntA, but not LgA, produced both incentive and DA sensitization. This is consistent with the notion that a hyper-responsive dopaminergic system may contribute to the transition from casual patterns of drug use to the problematic patterns that define addiction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Intensive Treatment and Rehabilitation Program for Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (INTREPRET) in the Philippines: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Harada ◽  
Toshiaki Baba ◽  
Tomohiro Shirasaka ◽  
Shogo Kanamori
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Consent Form ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background The Philippines has been severely affected by the methamphetamine crisis. The government has launched a policy war against drug use, although the severe sanctions imposed on drug users have been criticized internationally. To help implement a more effective and humane approach to drug use, this study aimed to introduce a comprehensive treatment program for methamphetamine users based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) whose effectiveness will be evaluated through a randomized controlled trial. Methods Methamphetamine users admitted into government-run rehabilitation facilities are recruited and randomly assigned to either a CBT-based treatment program or existing therapeutic community (TC)-based treatment. The CBT treatment program was developed based on the Matrix Model that considers cultural and social factors in the Philippines. After 6 months of treatment, there will be a three-month follow-up, when the participants’ drug use (tested through urine testing) and other psychological variables, including craving, coping skills, and well-being, will be compared. Potential participants are given a summary of the study and a consent form. The consent form is signed and dated by participants prior to their study participation. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial to compare the residential CBT program and the TC model for methamphetamine users in the Philippines. The study aims to fill the current knowledge and capacity gaps by introducing a CBT-based treatment program to improve the psychosocial well-being of drug users in the Philippines. Moreover, if the effectiveness of the treatment program is demonstrated, anti-drug campaigns and severe sanctions against drug users may be reconsidered. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry JPRN-UMIN000038597. Registered on 15 November 2019. Protocol version October 17, 2021 ver.2

scholarly journals In vivo exposure for fear of pain and avoidance of movement in low back pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Brandão de Moraes ◽  
Francisco Farias Martins Júnior ◽  
Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos-Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the effects of hierarchization and in vivo exposure for fear of pain, avoidance of movement, and anxiety in chronic low back pain. Methods: quasi-experimental study. The 27 patients who participated graded the damage associated with the movements in each of the 40 activities of daily living depicted in pictures using a scale from 0 to 100. The patients chose five out of all the activities that received a score higher than 50 to carry out the exposure. The intensities of fear and anxiety were measured before and after each exposure session. Results: the frequencies of the gender were equal, and the mean age was 44.9 years. The activities chosen more frequently for the exposure were shoveling (33.3%) and running (33.3%). There was reduction of fear and anxiety before and after exposure (p<0.001). Conclusions: hierarchization and in vivo exposure were effective in reducing fear and anxiety.

scholarly journals Clonal reconstruction from co-occurrence of vector integration sites allows accurate quantification of expanding clones in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wagner ◽  
Christoph Baldow ◽  
Andrea Calabria ◽  
Laura Rudilosso ◽  
Pierangela Gallina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
R Package ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Vector Integration ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Safety Considerations

High transduction rates of viral vectors in gene therapies (GT) and experimental hematopoiesis ensure a high frequency of gene delivery, although multiple integration events can occur in the same cell. Therefore, tracing of integration sites (IS) leads to mis-quantification of the true clonal spectrum and limits safety considerations in GT. Hence, we use correlations between repeated measurements of IS abundances to estimate their mutual similarity and identify clusters of co-occurring IS, for which we assume a clonal origin. We evaluate the performance, robustness and specificity of our methodology using clonal simulations. The reconstruction methods, implemented and provided as an R-package, are further applied to experimental clonal mixes and to a preclinical model of hematopoietic GT. Our results demonstrate that clonal reconstruction from IS data allows to overcome systematic biases in the clonal quantification as an essential prerequisite for the assessment of safety and long-term efficacy of GT involving integrative vectors.

scholarly journals Effects of sedative drug use on the dopamine system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Kamp ◽  
Lisa Proebstl ◽  
Nora Penzel ◽  
Kristina Adorjan ◽  
Andrej Ilankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Sedative Drug ◽  
System A
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