Sexual and Gender Minorities and Bullying in Japan

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Lgbt Issues ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Reassignment ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bullying Experiences

Japan does not have a cultural history of strong stigma against homosexuality and gender nonconformity in the ways that are true in West, but there is growing evidence that homophobia and transphobia do exist. In this chapter, the history of LGBT issues in Japan is overviewed, focusing mainly on the experiences of gay men and lesbians. Lately, more LGBT-related research has focused on studies on persons with gender identity disorder (GID) due to the approval of gender reassignment surgery as a treatment for GID. Many studies showed that sexual minority youth reported suicidal wishes or behavior because of bullying experiences, feelings of isolation, physical dysphoria, or internal homophobia or transphobia. Moreover, most teachers reported that they did not include any material on LGBT issues in classroom, thus highlighting an urgent need to educate school teachers on these issues.

The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 724-745
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals THE POLITICS OF RECOGNIZABILITY: GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF IRANIANGAYMEN’S LIVES UNDER REPRESSIVE CONDITIONS OF SEXUALITY GOVERNANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Martino ◽  
Jón Ingvar Kjaran
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Male Subject ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Politics Of Recognition ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender

AbstractIn this article we examine accounts of self-identifying Iranian gay men. We draw on a range of evidentiary sources—interpretive, historical, online, and empirical—to generate critical and nuanced insights into the politics of recognition and representation that inform narrative accounts of the lived experiences of self-identifiedgayIranian men, and the constitution of same-sex desire for these men under specific conditions of Iranian modernity. In response to critiques of existinggayinternationalist and liberationist accounts of the Iraniangaymale subject as a persecuted victim of the Islamic Republic of Iran's barbarism, we address interpretive questions of sexuality governance in transnational contexts. Specifically, we attend to human rights frameworks in weighing social justice and political claims made by and on behalf of sexual and gender minorities in such Global South contexts. In this sense, our article represents a critical engagement with the relevant literature on sexuality governance and the politics of same-sex desire for Iraniangaymen that is informed by empirical analysis.

scholarly journals THE MERAH MOSQUE AND THE ASY SYAFI’I MOSQUE CONSIDERED AS LANDMARKS BASED ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY’S RECOGNITION IN CIREBON’S ARAB PANJUNAN KAMPONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Ajeng Triwuri Widyastuti ; Giosia P. Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Heritage Area

Abstract - The Arab Panjunan kampong serving as the research object happens to be one of the heritage areas of Cirebon Town. This urban kampong has certain ethnic characteristics typical of Arab quarters that make it unique, thus contributing to the rich cultural history of Cirebon. As a heritage area, it is important for this ethnic Arab neighbourhood of Panjunan to draw up an inventory of the specific architectural elements that are still traceable, such as the urban lay-out and its contents as well as the landmarks of this area observed from a physical-spatial angle. The aim of this research project is to find out about this kampong’s various architectural elements that are recognized as such by the locals. This will be the contributing factor in the process of determining which environmental elements can be classified as typical landmarks. The first step taken in the research conducted is field observation in order to establish the elements that have survived in the kampong, including the architectural, social, and cultural ones. The observation related to architectural elements has been identified in accordance with the theory concerning Elements of Urban Design as proposed by Hamid Shirvani in his book The Urban Design Process. The next step is conducting research using the Cognitive Method as applied to the kampong dwellers in Panjunan by way of sketched maps and guided interviews. The respondents, classified based on ethnic heritage (descent) and gender, were requested to describe the environmental elements in this ethnic Arab kampong as far as they could recognize or identify them. Those who experienced difficulties in describing the sketches were assisted by the researcher based on the stories that had been supplied. Based on the acquired data containing these environmental elements, the aspect of memories contained therein was studied by way of interviews linked to the Continuity Theory by Breakwell. Subsequently, an analysis was made of the basis underlying the recognition of these elements based on the Landmark Theory by Kevin Lynch, and classified based on the criteria drawn up by Eko Budihardjo. Through the analysis, it was discovered that Panjunan’s Merah Mosque and its Asy Syafi’i Mosque indeed qualify as as architectural elements that show continuity of memory, gaining validity as iconic elements or landmarks on the regional scale of Cirebon’s ethnic Arab kampong of Panjunan. Keywords : mosque, landmark, recognition, local community, Arab Panjunan kampong

scholarly journals Perceptions of Emergency Care by Sexual and Gender Minorities in Colorado: Barriers, Quality, and Factors Affecting Identity Disclosure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910
Author(s):  
William LaPlant ◽  
Leonardo Kattari ◽  
Lexie Ross ◽  
Jennifer Zhan ◽  
Jeffrey Druck
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Identity Disclosure ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Expanding on data concerning emergency department (ED) use and avoidance by the sexual minority (those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, other [LGTBQ+]) and gender minority (those who identify as transgender, gender nonconforming, other) community may inform future ED LGTBQ+ training and clinical practice. Investigation objectives included characterizing rates of emergency care avoidance, identifying barriers to emergency care, and assessing emergency care quality and cultural competency for sexual and gender minorities. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional needs assessment, sexual minority, gender minority, and/or cisgender heterosexual-identified participants were selected based on participants’ subscription to newsletters or social media accounts for One Colorado, an LGBTQ+ advocacy organization. Each participant completed a single digital survey that collected qualitative and quantitative data about ED perception, use, and demographics. Results: A total of 477 LGBTQ+ or heterosexual-identified individuals (mean age = 44.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 16.7)) participated in the study. Lifetime emergency care avoidance rates for gender minorities were markedly increased (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 – 6.6; P <.001), while avoidance rates for sexual minorities were similar to those of cisgender heterosexual respondents (17% vs 14%; P <.001). Gender minorities were more likely than sexual minorities to both avoid emergency care due to fear of discrimination (43% vs 15%; P =.002) and to have experienced discrimination during their last ED visit (OR 11, [95% CI, 5–24]; P <.001). No significant differences were observed between participants in care avoidance due to financial reasons or prior negative experiences. No cited ED factors that influenced identity disclosure decisions were distinctly predictive. Conclusion: Gender minorities are more likely than sexual minorities and heterosexual cisgender individuals to report ED avoidance and discrimination at last ED visit. Future work characterizing deficits in LGBTQ+ ED care might reduce these avoidance and discrimination rates, enhancing the level of patient care provided to this population.

American Catholics and “The Use and Abuse of Reading,” 1865–1873

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-64
Author(s):  
Erin Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Order ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
American Catholic

ABSTRACTIn the wake of the Civil War, Father Isaac Hecker launched several publishing ventures to advance his dream of a Catholic America, but he and his partners soon found themselves embroiled in a debate with other American Catholics, notably his friend and fellow convert Orestes Brownson, over the “use and abuse of reading.” Although the debate was certainly part of a contemporary conversation about the compatibility of Catholicism and American culture, this essay argues that it was equally rooted in a moment of American anxiety over a shifting social order, a moment when antebellum faith in the individual was being tested by the rights claims of women and Americans of color. Tacitly accepting and internalizing historical claims of intrinsic and through-going Catholic “difference,” claims offered both by American Protestants and American Catholics like Brownson, scholars often presume that debates within American Catholicism reflect “Catholic” concerns first and foremost, qualifying their utility as sources of “American” cultural history. By examining American Catholic discussions of reading, individual liberty, social order, and gender in the 1860s and 1870s, this essay argues that Brownson's arguments against the compatibility of American and Catholic life were in fact far more representative of ascendant ideas in American culture than Hecker's hopeful visions of a Catholic American future made manifest through the power of reading. In doing so, it demonstrates the ways that American Catholicism can be a valuable and complex site for studying the broader history of religion and culture in the United States.

scholarly journals Stigma and Web-Based Sex Seeking Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Tijuana, Mexico: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/14803 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e14803
Author(s):  
Cristina Espinosa da Silva ◽  
Laramie R Smith ◽  
Thomas L Patterson ◽  
Shirley J Semple ◽  
Alicia Harvey-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Stigma toward sexual and gender minorities is an important structural driver of HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) globally. Sex-seeking websites and apps are popular among MSM and TW. Interventions delivered via Web-based sex-seeking platforms may be particularly effective for engaging MSM and TW in HIV prevention and treatment services in settings with widespread stigma toward these vulnerable populations. Objective To assess the potential utility of this approach, the objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of Web-based sex seeking and examine the effect of factors that shape or are influenced by stigma toward sexual and gender minorities on Web-based sex seeking among MSM and TW in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods From 2015 to 2018, 529 MSM and 32 TW were recruited through venue-based and respondent-driven sampling. Interviewer-administered surveys collected information on Web-based sex seeking (past 4 months) and factors that shape or are influenced by stigma toward sexual and gender minorities (among MSM and TW: traditional machismo, internalized stigma related to same-sex sexual behavior or gender identity, and outness related to same-sex sexual behavior or gender identity; among MSM only: sexual orientation and history of discrimination related to same-sex sexual behavior). A total of 5 separate multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of each stigma measure on Web-based sex seeking. Results A total of 29.4% (165/561) of our sample reported seeking sex partners on the Web. Web-based sex seeking was negatively associated with greater endorsement of traditional machismo values (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.69) and greater levels of internalized stigma (AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99). Web-based sex seeking was positively associated with identifying as gay (AOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.33), greater outness (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), and a history of discrimination (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.08). Conclusions Web-based sex-seeking is relatively common among MSM and TW in Tijuana, suggesting that it may be feasible to leverage Web-based sex-seeking platforms to engage these vulnerable populations in HIV prevention and treatment services. However, HIV interventions delivered through Web-based sex-seeking platforms may have limited reach among those most affected by stigma toward sexual and gender minorities (ie, those who express greater endorsement of traditional machismo values, greater levels of internalized stigma, lesser outness, and nongay identification), given that within our sample they were least likely to seek sex on the Web.

Sexual Diversity in Spanish Schools

2016 ◽  
pp. 330-353
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Pichardo Galán
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Lgbt Students ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

This chapter begins with a brief sociohistorical review of the transformational history of the LGBT community in Spain and the situation of sexual minorities in the educational system before presenting the results of a study conducted in 2013, which focused on the language and attitudes of students and teachers toward non-heterosexuality and gender-nonconformity in Spain. The central focus of the research was teachers’ attitudes toward sexual diversity in schools and their responses when exposed to homophobic and/or transphobic bullying. The chapter ends with a discussion of the present situation for LGBT students in the education system in Spain and a list of best practices coming from teachers, schools, trade unions, students, and their families.

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