Matching clients to CBT self-help resources

Chapter 9 addresses the range of factors that may inform shared decision making following assessment. Several of these draw upon the current evidence base surrounding the type of mental health difficulty for which self-help CBT is effective, and echo conclusions reached within other chapters in this title and, at times, challenge current thinking concerning LI working. This highlights how there is still much to learn regarding the application of the LI approach, which will hopefully stimulate further research and development in this area.

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Encouraging the implementation of clinical standards into practice

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.24.3.90 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claire Palmer ◽

Paul Lelliott

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Clinical Standards ◽

Current Evidence Base

The articles by Geddes & Wessely (2000, this issue) and Lelliott (2000, this issue) describe the current evidence base and guidelines from which clinical standards can be developed in mental health. They highlight some of the issues and complexity surrounding the development of standards. It could be argued, however, that an even greater challenge lies in getting clinical standards used in routine practice.

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An update on the growing evidence base for peer support

Mental Health and Social Inclusion ◽

10.1108/mhsi-03-2017-0014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Chyrell Bellamy ◽

Timothy Schmutte ◽

Larry Davidson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Health ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Peer Support ◽

Support Services ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Content Type ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

Peer Support Services

Purpose As peer support services have become increasingly used in mental health settings as a recovery-oriented practice, so has the body of published research on this approach to care. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the current evidence base for peer support for adults with mental illness in two domains: mental health and recovery, and physical health and wellness. Design/methodology/approach To provide a robust, non-redundant, and up-to-date review, first the authors searched for meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Second, the authors found individual studies not included in any of the reviews. Findings Peer services are generally equally effective to services provided by non-peer paraprofessionals on traditional clinical outcomes. Although some studies found peer services to be effective at reducing hospitalization rates and symptom severity, as a whole, the current evidence base is confounded by heterogeneity in programmatic characteristics and methodological shortcomings. On the other hand, the evidence is stronger for peer support services having more of a positive impact on levels of hope, empowerment, and quality of life. Research limitations/implications In addition to the need for further high-quality research on peer support in mental and physical health domains, the authors also question whether measures of hope, empowerment, and integration into the community are more relevant to recovery than traditional clinical outcomes. Originality/value This paper provides an original, robust, and up-to-date review of the evidence for peer services.

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Co-offending and Co-offender Selection

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.21 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah B. van Mastrigt

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Target Selection ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Theory ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Research ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

Event Planning ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

Selection Of

A notable proportion of crime is committed in company, particularly during youth, but relatively little attention has been paid to the influence of co-offenders on criminal decision making. This chapter reviews current theory and research on co-offending as it relates to three aspects of offender decision making: the decision to (co)-offend, the selection of accomplices, and choices shaping the characteristics of the criminal event (planning, target selection, and seriousness). Both implicit and explicit decision making are considered, as well as situations in which the offense is premeditated and collaboration is explicitly sought after a plan has been made and situations in which the motivation to offend develops in a group of preformed individuals who become co-offenders by committing the act. The chapter concludes with a discussion of gaps in the current evidence base and directions for future research.

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Short report: A quantitative methodological review of participant characteristics in the literature testing mental health interventions for youth with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽

10.1177/13623613211056408 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136236132110564

Author(s):

Kelsey S Dickson ◽

Megan Ledoux Galligan ◽

Ho Lok

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Treatment ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Health Treatment ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

Mental Health Interventions ◽

Treatment Research

There have been significant efforts to develop, adapt, and test interventions targeting the co-occurring mental health conditions common among autistic youth, with several extant narrative and systematic reviews demonstrating the efficacy of these interventions. Yet, a methodological analysis of the literature testing these interventions, particularly the characteristics of the participant samples comprising this evidence base, is needed to contextualize our current understanding of treatment effects and highlight current gaps in the current evidence base to inform future research. This systematic quantitative methodology review characterized participants included in the mental health treatment research for autistic youth. One hundred and thirty-one articles testing mental health interventions for autism spectrum disorder were coded for youth, caregiver, and provider participant demographics. Findings indicated limited representation of females, transition age youth, racial/ethnic minority groups, and youth diverse in cognitive functioning and co-occurring mental health symptoms or conditions. Limited inclusion of providers’ representative of the clinical workforce was also noted. These results illuminate several critical gaps in the current evidence base for mental health interventions for autistic youth and provide recommendations for future research directions. Lay abstract Previous research has highlighted the importance of mental health treatment for autistic youth. In that research base, most studies focus on demonstrating the efficacy of a particular intervention with a sample of autistic youth. However, understanding the characteristics of samples used within these studies (i.e. demographics) is an important avenue for expanding this research to a more diverse, representative sample of autistic youth in community settings. As such, the current review examined and characterized participants included within mental health treatment research. We coded studies for various demographics among the youth sample, caregivers, and providers participants. Results indicated that while efforts have been made to increase diversity in research, very few studies including transition-aged youth, those identifying as female, and/or those identifying as non-Caucasian. Clinically, a few studies included youth with lower cognitive abilities and/or those with specific mental health problems (e.g. trauma and depression) or more than one co-occurring mental health conditions. Overall, our results highlight several critical gaps in our current evidence base regarding mental health treatment for autistic youth, including the limited clinical representativeness of both provider and child participants.

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The Gut Microbiome and Mental Health: What Should We Tell Our Patients?: Le microbiote Intestinal et la Santé Mentale : que Devrions-Nous dire à nos Patients?

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743719874168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 747-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mary I. Butler ◽

Sabrina Mörkl ◽

Kiran V. Sandhu ◽

John F. Cryan ◽

Timothy G. Dinan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Current Evidence Base

The gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for mental illness is a hot topic in psychiatry. Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and have been shown to play a crucial role in gut–brain communication through an influence on neural, immune, and endocrine pathways. Patients with various psychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder have been shown to have significant differences in the composition of their gut microbiome. Enhancing beneficial bacteria in the gut, for example, through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, or dietary change, has the potential to improve mood and reduce anxiety in both healthy people and patient groups. Much attention is being given to this subject in the general media, and patients are becoming increasingly interested in the potential to treat mental illness with microbiome-based therapies. It is imperative that those working with people with mental illness are aware of the rationale and current evidence base for such treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the gut microbiome, what it is, and what it does in relation to gut–brain communication and psychological function. We describe the fundamental principles and basic techniques used in microbiome–gut–brain axis research in an accessible way for a clinician audience. We summarize the current evidence in relation to microbiome-based strategies for various psychiatric disorders and provide some practical advice that can be given to patients seeking to try a probiotic for mental health benefit.

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The development of safer walking technology: a review

Journal of Assistive Technologies ◽

10.1108/jat-07-2014-0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 100-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Esmé Wood ◽

Gillian Ward ◽

John Woolham

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Social Care ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Content Type ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

The Right

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain a greater understanding of the development of safer walking technology for people with dementia through contemporary literature. Design/methodology/approach – A two stage systematic approach to searching the literature was adopted. Initially this involved searching the literature to gain a broad overview of the development of safer walking technology and the context in which it has been developed. Then, this literature was examined in detail to look at published evidence surrounding the use of safer walking technology by people with dementia. These articles were quality appraised and a meta ethnographic approach taken to synthesis of the findings. Findings – There is a small but growing body of literature within this field. Whilst there is only limited evidence to support the use of safer walking technologies for people with dementia, the evidence to date indicates great potential for its use. If provided with the right support and guidance, safer walking technology has the potential to increase freedoms and independence for people with dementia; gaining them improved access to outdoor spaces and environments to support their health and wellbeing. However, if the safer walking technology continues to be associated with only risk management it will not achieve this potential. Research limitations/implications – The published literature within this field is small and has limited generalisability as much of it was generated in recent years has been by the same small research teams, often reusing data sets. There is also very little research that examines the experience of actually using safer walking technology and even less which explores the views of people with dementia. It is evident that a greater breadth and depth of knowledge is needed within this field to develop a clearer understanding of how this technology is used and perceived by all stakeholders concerned. In particular the literature would benefit from greater consideration of the views and experiences of people with dementia themselves. Practical implications – For many people with dementia, health and social care professionals can play an important role in ensuring appropriate assessment and support in the decision-making process when using safer walking technology. However, greater support is needed in decision making for all people with dementia, especially those people not currently engaged with specialist services. Therefore greater awareness of the benefits and limitations of this technology is needed by all health and social care professionals as well as the general public. Originality/value – At the time of conducting this review the author is unaware of any other systematic search of literature or overview of research on the use of safer walking technology and its use by people with dementia. Despite this safer walking technology is growing in popularity, commonly recommended by health and social care practitioners and often marketed and purchased directly by people with dementia and their families. This review offers an insight into the development of the technology and the current evidence base for its use.

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What outcomes should be measured to evaluate the benefits of exercise for maternal mental health?

Journal of Health Visiting ◽

10.12968/johv.2019.7.9.442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 442-454

Author(s):

Dawn Brenchley ◽

Gilly Mancz

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Depression Score ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Current Evidence Base

The physical and mental health of women antenatally and postnatally has been described as fundamentally important to the development of children and the family. Exercise was proposed as a strategy to support maternal mental health, such as postnatal depression with an emphasis on structured and supervised activities. However, a recent systematic review by Saligheh et al (2017) revealed inconsistencies in the evidence base and could not confirm that exercise reduced symptoms of postnatal depression. This study aims to analyse the current evidence base to determine what outcomes should be measured to evaluate the benefits of exercise to maternal mental health. The research concludes that using a quantitative methodological approach, predominantly using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score as a primary outcome measure, does not appear to capture the effects of exercise on postnatal depression and anxiety. Further research using a qualitative approach is recommended to identify outcomes that should be measured to demonstrate the benefits of exercise to maternal mental health.

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The role of music therapy in Australian mental health services and the need for increased access to service users

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1039856220980255 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103985622098025

Author(s):

Jennifer Bibb

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Symptomatic Relief ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Current Evidence Base

Objectives: This opinion paper aims to provide an overview of the current evidence base supporting the use of music therapy in mental health care. It also aims to offer critique on the issue of access to music therapy in Australia. Conclusions: There is a strong evidence base for music therapy to provide symptomatic relief and improve quality of life for people living with mental illness. However, music therapy is underfunded and framed as a supplementary service within mental health services in Australia, which limits its access to consumers. Funding music therapy as an evidence-based treatment option would fill an existing service gap and provide equitable access to a cost-effective and often consumer preferred treatment option for mental health consumers.

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Using Insights From Behavioral Economics to Strengthen Disaster Preparedness and Response

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2016.29 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 768-774

Author(s):

Sebastian Linnemayr ◽

Claire O’Hanlon ◽

Lori Uscher-Pines ◽

Kristin Van Abel ◽

Christopher Nelson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Decision Making ◽

Behavioral Economics ◽

Disaster Preparedness ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Low Cost ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

Disaster Preparedness And Response

AbstractBehavioral economics is based on the idea that individuals’ decisions are affected by systematic and predictable cognitive biases and that these same biases can be leveraged to change behavior and improve decision-making. Insights from behavioral economics have been used to encourage a range of desired behaviors but have rarely been used in disaster preparedness and response, though traditional efforts by public health practitioners have failed to increase adoption of key preparedness behaviors. In this work, we aim to show how some of the key concepts in the behavioral economics literature are applicable to behaviors related to disaster preparedness and response, and we present ideas for behavioral economics-based interventions that we vetted with public health officials. Two of the best-received interventions were applications of social norms approaches, which leverage social influence bias, and commitment devices, which leverage present bias and loss aversion. Although the current evidence base for the applications of concepts from behavioral economics in disaster preparedness and response is weak, behavioral economics has achieved positive results in similar decision-making contexts. The low cost and potentially high impact of behavioral economics-based interventions warrant further investigation and testing. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 7)

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