A classic re-examined: Zelinsky’s hypothesis of the mobility transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Skeldon
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Current Concerns

Abstract This paper examines the contribution of Zelinsky’s hypothesis of the mobility transition to research in migration studies over the almost 50 years since its publication in 1971. The transition is placed in the changing contexts of thinking in migration studies of the time and argues that after an initial flurry, followed by a period in the wilderness, it has emerged to guide a new interest in comparative studies on migration. The transition provides a flexible framework that can be modified to give context to the evidence emerging from a number of recent studies that are briefly outlined. Rather than an inflexible linear model, the hypothesis provides scope to incorporate multiple pathways of changing patterns of migration through time and across space. As important, however, has been its role in providing inspiration to guide generations of researchers in migration studies. The transition itself and modern empirical evidence suggest that despite the current concerns about migration, the world is becoming less migratory but more mobile, contradictory though this might at first appear.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

Humans, common household pets and farm animals can theoretically mutually infect each other with SARS-CoV-2 and develop the COVID-19 pathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Metere
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is spreading fast throughout the world, and often the new cases are reported as community spread, which means that it is not possible to identify a specific cause for contagion. Household pets and farm animals live closely to humans and even if currently there is no empirical evidence of animal to human transmission, it has not been reported yet if transmission is in principle possible. This work addresses such hypothesis, confirming that transmission is theoretically possible, and highly likely to occur between humans and mammals. Less likely or not likely at all between humans and birds. Further research is needed to validate the birds to humans transmission. -- THIS ARTICLE IS CURRENTLY BEING EXPANDED AND REVISED --

Financial Literacy among Rural Women in Darbhanga District:An Empirical Evidence.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. F.B. SINGH ◽  
POOJA JHA
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario

Financial Literacy is defined as the possession of knowledge and understanding of elementary financial concepts which results in developing the ability to make conversant, poised and effective financial decisions. In current scenario, the concern to increase the level of financial literacy among common masses has been witnessed by many countries of the world through various Financial Literacy center, programme and initiatives but all these programmes and policies are crafted and implemented taking into consideration the male as ultimate receiver and so women who constitute half of the rural population are lagging behind in terms of a making informed financial decisions and financial wellbeing. Hence Strategies should be formulated taking into consideration the women as the main spectators. This paper is an attempt to analyze the current status of the financial literacy among the rural women of the Darbhanga district.

Bilateral Treaties and The Most-Favored-Nation Clause: The Myth of Trade Liberalization in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Accominotti ◽  
Marc Flandreau
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
The World ◽  
Most Favored Nation Clause ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

Textbook accounts of the Anglo-French trade agreement of 1860 argue that it heralded the beginning of a liberal trading order. This alleged success holds much interest from a modern policy point of view, for it rested on bilateral negotiations and most-favored-nation clauses. With the help of new data on international trade (the RICardo database), the authors provide empirical evidence and find that the treaty and subsequent network of MFN trade agreements coincided with the end of a period of unilateral liberalization across the world. They also find that it did not contribute to expanding trade at all. This is contrary to a deeply rooted belief among economists, economic historians, and political scientists. The authors draw a number of policy lessons that run counter to the conventional wisdom and raise skepticism toward the ability of bilateralism and MFN arrangements to promote trade liberalization.

scholarly journals Terrorism, Trust and Tourism

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Susanne Jensen ◽  
Gert Tinggaard Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Country People

How does terrorism affect social trust and tourism? The rising number of terrorist attacks in Western Europe has caused safety problems not only for local citizens but also for tourists. In fact, terrorists challenge the formal violence monopoly of the state thus creating a sense of anarchy and distrust. Social trust is about trusting strangers, so when less predictable behaviour occurs in, a given country, people become more careful as they tend to trust most other people less. An interesting case for future research is Scandinavia as the level of terrorism is still low and, at the same time, Scandinavia can record most social trust in the world meaning a competitive advantage when attracting tourists. Arguably, a double dividend is created from fighting terrorism, namely more social trust accumulated and more tourists attracted. Future research should therefore try to further test our model by both quantitative and qualitative methods, for example by undertaking extensive comparative studies between Scandinavia and other countries with more terrorism and less trust.

War, Changing Patterns of Warfare, State Collapse, and Transnational Violence in Afghanistan: 1978–2001

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SIDKY
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World System ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The World ◽  
War Rhetoric ◽  
Changing Patterns

The war in Afghanistan was one of the most brutal and long lasting conflicts of the second half of the twentieth century. Anthropologists specializing in Afghanistan who wrote about the war at the time reiterated the United State's Cold War rhetoric rather than provide objective analyses. Others ignored the war altogether. What happened in Afghanistan, and why, and the need for objective reassessments only came to mind after the September 11th attacks. This paper examines the genesis and various permutations of the Afghan war in terms of causal dynamics embedded in the broader interstate relations of the world system and its competing military complexes during the second half of the twentieth century and changes in that system in the post-Cold War period.

scholarly journals Educative Values of Peace Mind Mysticism of Sunan Bonang In the view of Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
Fatchullah Zarkasi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Concrete Object ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Process

The majority of Javanese which many called "abangan" has its own perspective on the major religions in the world. For Niels Mulder in his book, the Javanese tend to view Islam as a religion is Arab, so that Islam seemed to fizzle placed as the basis of life for the Javanese belief. However, virtually no Muslims in Indonesia who have never heard the name Wali Songo, collective unit 9 guardian. Sunan Kalijaga better known than all eight other guardians with various famous work. Puppet world is said to be the work of these guardians, as sekaten, which has been called, is a tradition of the Prophet's birth day celebration that is celebrated officially the Kingdom of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, until today. Sidi Gazalbarevealed that: "Value is something that is abstract. Value is not a concrete object, not a fact, not just a question of right and wrong that demands empirical evidence, but rather a matter of appreciation that is desired, liked and disliked.While Educative education comes from the word that means pendidikan.Sedangkan education question in this case is the Islamic education. So according to Prof. Dr. Omar M. Taomy al Pendidikaan Syaibany in his philosophy of Islam, it can be concluded that: "Islamic Education is an attempt to change the behavior of individuals in the life of their community and also in the surrounding environment through the education process. The changes are based on the values of Islam.”

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