Most Military Runners Report Recent Changes in Running Parameters Before Lower Limb Injury Onset

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Major Anny Fredette ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Roy ◽  
Jean-Franç ois Esculier ◽  
Kadija Perreault
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Step Rate ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Canadian Military ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Introduction While running is a popular activity because of the health and fitness benefits it provides, the yearly incidence of running-related injuries (RRI) is high across all populations of runners, including military members. The etiology of RRI is multifactorial, and despite the numerous studies on risk factors for RRI, there is no clear consensus in the literature on the relative contribution of several intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors to the development of RRI. Furthermore, little is known on RRI profile and running parameters among Canadian military members. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the clinical presentation of lower limb RRI and running profile among military members and (2) explore any association between recent changes in running parameters (volume or intensity) and specific RRI diagnoses. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 107 military members from the Canadian Armed Forces (Valcartier Military Base) who presented with a restriction or interruption of running because of lower limb running-related pain. The following variables were collected during a physiotherapy evaluation: injury location and diagnosis, running kinematics (foot strike pattern and step rate), degree of minimalism of running shoes, running parameters in the last 3 months before consultation (volume, duration, frequency, and intensity), and recent changes in training before pain onset. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to describe the clinical presentation and running profile, while chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis were used to explore the association between recent changes in running parameters and diagnosis. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and participants signed a detailed consent form. Results Among the 107 participants included in the study (mean age: 30.7 ± 8.9 years; 13 females), the most common diagnoses were patellofemoral pain (26.2%), medial tibial stress syndrome (11.2%), plantar fasciopathy (9.3%), and sciatica (9.3%). The average Minimalist Index of running shoes was 27.6 ± 18.5%. Step rate was 161.7 ± 10.3 steps per minute, and 73.3% of the participants used a rearfoot strike pattern. The majority of military runners reported previous RRI, gradual onset of symptoms, and recent changes in their training parameters (75.7%) before injury onset. No association was found between recent changes in running volume ((χ2(4) = 2.849; P = .606)) or intensity ((χ2(4) = 1.381; P = .855)) and diagnosis. Conclusion This is the first study to specifically investigate RRI and running profile among Canadian military members. The most common injuries were located at the knee, and the most frequent diagnosis was patellofemoral pain. The majority of military runners reported previous RRI as well as recent changes in their running parameters before injury onset, but unique types of recent changes were not associated with specific diagnoses. This study illustrates the need to further investigate the impact of training loads on the development of RRI.

scholarly journals The Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Directional Dynamic Stabilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
David Rhodes ◽  
Mark Leather ◽  
Daniel Birdsall ◽  
Jill Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Proprioceptive Training ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Significant loss of playing time and the impact of treatment costs due to lower limb injury in football demonstrates a need for improved protocols for injury risk reduction. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of a proprioceptive training program on the lower limb dynamic stability of elite footballers. Methods: A total of 16 elite premier league footballers were randomly allocated by matched pair design to a 8-week proprioception training group (group A, n = 8) or nontraining group (group B, n = 8), to determine the effect of this training over a 16-week period. Group A completed 8 weeks of bilateral proprioceptive training, 5 times per week for 10 minutes. The Biodex Stability System measures of overall stability index, anterior–posterior (A–P), and medial–lateral stability (M–L) at levels 8-6-4-1 were taken for both groups at baseline, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Main effects of time, level of stability, and direction of stability were determined, with comparisons of effect made between the 2 groups. Results: The training group displayed significant differences for multidirectional stability at week 8 (P ≤ .05). The A–P stability within the training group displayed significant differences between baseline measures and 16 weeks (P > .05), with significant increases in scores displayed for M–L and A–P stability between weeks 8 and 16 (P ≤ .05), representing a detraining effect. No significant differences were detected at any time point for the nontraining group (P > .05). Conclusions: Proprioceptive training over 8 weeks has a positive effect on all directions of stability. Greater declines in A–P stability were evident at 16 weeks when compared with M–L and overall stability index. Consideration must be given to the increased stability scores presented pretesting for A–P when compared with M–L. Findings of this work present implications for training design.

The Search for Causative Environmental Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Rogler ◽  
Jonas Zeitz ◽  
Luc Biedermann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a ‘prototype disease' for chronic auto-inflammatory disorders with a polygenic background and important multifaceted environmental trigger components. The environmental factors contribute both to pathogenesis and disease flares. Thus, IBD is a disease par excellence to study the interactions between host genetics, environmental factors (such as infections or smoking) and ‘in-vironmental' factors - for example, our intestinal microbiota. Longitudinal intercurrent events, including the impact of long-term medication on disease progression or stabilization, can exemplarily be studied in this disease group. Whilst alterations in the human genome coding relevant variant protein products have most likely not emerged significantly over the last 50 years, the incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has dramatically increased in Western countries and more recently in the Asia Pacific area. An interesting concept indicates that ‘Western lifestyle factors' trigger chronic intestinal inflammation or disease flares in a genetically susceptible host. To understand the disease pathogenesis as well as triggers for flares or determinants of disease courses, we must further investigate potential en(in)vironmental factors. As environmental conditions, in contrast to genetic risk factors, can be influenced, knowledge on those risk factors becomes crucial to modulate disease incidence, disease course or clinical presentation. It is obvious that prevention of environmentally triggered disease flares would be a goal most relevant for IBD patients. An increased prevalence of IBD in urban environment has been documented in Switzerland by the Swiss IBD cohort study. Several studies have attempted to identify such factors; however, only a few have been validated. The best investigated environmental factor identified in IBD cohort analyses is smoking. Other environmental factors that have been associated with clinical presentation or risk of inflammatory flares as well as increased incidence are diet and food additives. The so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis' suggests that increased hygiene in childhood associated with reduced exposure to pathogens may leave the mucosal immune system insufficiently trained and thus prone to uncontrolled inflammation. Oral contraceptives and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the 2 main classes of frequently taken drugs that have been attributed to have the potential to cause flares of the disease. What is likely to be the connection between the genetic susceptibility and the environmental triggers? There is broad evidence for a critical role of the commensal enteric microbiota as a modulator of immunologic responses relevant during onset and chronification of IBD.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Risk Factors in Iranian Adolescent Taekwondo Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Mostafa Zarei ◽  
◽  
Kamran Johari ◽  
Rahim Bagherian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Limb Injuries

Purpose: Taekwondo is a martial art and contact sport in which the athletes’ goal is to strike the opponent with maximal force. This fact exposes taekwondo practitioners to the permanent risk of injuries. Therefore, the current prospective study aimed to investigate the internal risk factors of lower extremity injuries in the adolescent male taekwondo players. Methods: In total, 60 adolescent taekwondo players of Iran Premier League voluntarily participated in this research. Before league commencement, navicular drop, Q angle, knee hyperextension angle, the dorsiflexion/plantarflexion range of motion, hamstring flexibility, and their dynamic balance were measured. Then, the injuries of these taekwondo players were recorded during the study time. Results: The injury incidence rate was 7.9 per 1000 hours of exposure (95% confidence interval, 5.33-10.40). The logistic regression analysis data indicated a significant relationship between the Q angle and injuries incidence rate (odds ratio=1.33, P=0.031). The taekwondo players whose Q angles were >14.5 degrees were 1.33 times more prone to lower limb injury. However, no significant relationship was observed between the other risk factors of the study cases and injuries incidence.  Conclusion: Regarding the research findings, the Q angle could predict lower limb injuries in the studied taekwondo players. Therefore, it is suggested that this index be considered in the preparticipation evaluation process and preventive strategies. 

scholarly journals Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 2014-2024
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xingsheng Wang ◽  
Xiaojiang Lv ◽  
Fuhao Mo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
The Impact

Accident data shows that driver’s kinematics response in real accidents can be significantly different from that in dummy or cadaver tests because of driver’s muscle contraction. In this study, a finite element human-body model consisting of an upper body of a dummy model and a lower limb–pelvis biomechanical model with three-dimensional active muscles was developed to investigate in depth the lower-limb injuries. Driver’s emergency reaction during frontal impact was simulated by modelling muscle active contraction based on a series of volunteer experimental tests. Besides, a realistic impact environment with the response of the restraint system and the invasion of the driver’s compartment was established in this study. The results show that muscle contraction can cause extra loads on lower limbs during the impact, which can increase the injury risk of lower limbs. As for the femur injury, muscle contraction caused an additional 1 kN axial load on the femur, and the femur resultant bending moment of active models was also higher by about 10–40 N m. Besides, the tibial index of the model with muscle activation was about 0.1 higher. In addition, the results indicate that the femur injury is strongly related to the combined action of both axial force and bending moment. The variation of the injury tolerance along the tibia shaft should be considered when evaluating the tibia injury. Overall, the current lower-limb injury criteria can be still the lack of robustness.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Non-Contact Lower-Limb Injury: A Retrospective Survey in Pediatric-Age Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3171
Author(s):  
Yanfei Guan ◽  
Shannon S. D. Bredin ◽  
Jack Taunton ◽  
Qinxian Jiang ◽  
Nana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Lateral Dominance ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
And Training

Background: Risk factors for non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes and the effects of lateral dominance in sport (laterally vs. non-laterally dominant sports) on injury have not been investigated. Purpose: To identify risk factors for non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes. Methods: Parents and/or legal guardians of 2269 athletes aged between 6–17 years were recruited. Each participant completed an online questionnaire that contained 10 questions about the athlete’s training and non-contact lower-limb injury in the preceding 12 months. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model determined that lateral dominance in sport (adjusted OR (laterally vs. non-laterally dominant sports), 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75; p = 0.006), leg preference (adjusted OR (right vs. left-leg preference), 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95; p = 0.023), increased age (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16–1.26; p = 0.000), training intensity (adjusted OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.43–2.19; p = 0.000), and training frequency (adjusted OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.25–1.48; p = 0.000) were significantly associated with non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes. Length of training (p = 0.396) and sex (p = 0.310) were not associated with a non-contact lower-limb injury. Conclusions: Specializing in laterally dominant sports, left-leg preference, increase in age, training intensity, and training frequency indicated an increased risk of non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes. Future research should take into account exposure time and previous injury.

scholarly journals Total Body Water (TBW) Percentage and 3rd Space Water Were Risk Factors for Recruit Injuries in Lower Limbs: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Ouyang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Wanling Jiang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Kexing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Injury Group

Abstract Background: Recruit training injuries have caused serious problems for troop training and medical support. The lower limbs is the site where recruit injuries occur the most. Bio-impedance (BIA) measures body composition quickly and accurately. Our aim was to identify the risk factors for lower limbs training injuries to recruits due to body composition.Methods: A total of 282 recruits were included. Before training, use BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency BIA system to measure the body composition of recruits. After training, they were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of lower limb training injuries. The basic characteristics of the two recruits were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves was performed on the indicators with statistical difference between the two groups to find the cutoff point. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find the risk factors of lower limb training injuries.Results: Compared with the lower limb uninjured group, the lean mass percentage (P = 0.003), TBW percentage (P = 0.010), extracellular water (ECW) percentage (P = 0.023), intracellular water(ICW) percentage (P = 0.027), 3rd space water (P = 0.021) and basal metabolic rate(BMR)/total weight (P = 0.014) of the lower limb injury group was higher. On the contrary, the body fat percentage (P = 0.003) and body fat mass index (BFMI) (P = 0.005) of the lower limb injury group was lower. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage > 65.350% (P = 0.050, OR=2.085) and 3rd space water >0.950 (P = 0.045, OR=2.342) were independent risk factors for lower limb injuries.Conclusions: TBW percentage> 65.35% and 3rd space water >0.950 were independent risk of lower limb training injuries. These recruits need to be paid more attention during training.

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