scholarly journals Extended static stellar atmospheres - VI. Search for a three-dimensional classification scheme for luminous M stars

1982 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scholz ◽  
R. Wehrse
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stellar Atmospheres ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
M Stars

scholarly journals The AI Methods, Capabilities and Criticality Grid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmid ◽  
Wolfgang Hildesheim ◽  
Taras Holoyad ◽  
Kinga Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Ethics Commission ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

AbstractMany artificial intelligence (AI) technologies developed over the past decades have reached market maturity and are now being commercially distributed in digital products and services. Therefore, national and international AI standards are currently being developed in order to achieve technical interoperability as well as reliability and transparency. To this end, we propose to classify AI applications in terms of the algorithmic methods used, the capabilities to be achieved and the level of criticality. The resulting three-dimensional classification scheme, termed the AI Methods, Capabilities and Criticality (AI-$$\hbox {MC}^2$$ MC 2 ) Grid, combines current recommendations of the EU Commission with an ethical dimension proposed by the Data Ethics Commission of the German Federal Government (Datenethikkommission der Bundesregierung: Gutachten. Berlin, 2019). As a whole, the AI-$$\hbox {MC}^2$$ MC 2 Grid allows not only to gain an overview of the implications of a given AI application as well as to compare efficiently different AI applications within a given market or implemented by different AI technologies. It is designed as a core tool to define and manage norms, standards and compliance of AI applications, but helps to manage AI solutions in general as well.

A party for all seasons: Electoral adaptation of Romanian Communist successor parties

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigore Pop-Eleches
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
East European ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Communist Successor Parties ◽  
Electoral Performance

This article analyzes the reasons for the remarkable adaptability and electoral success of Communist successor parties in post-1990 Romania. The first part develops a three-dimensional classification scheme to identify Communist successor parties on the basis of their institutional, personnel and ideological continuity with the defunct Communist Party. The second section traces the political evolution of Communist successor parties, and argues that their remarkably strong and consistent electoral performance is primarily due to their ability to appeal to voters beyond the traditional base of East European ex-Communist parties on the left of the ideological spectrum. The final section uses survey data to suggest that the continued electoral appeal of Communist successor parties in Romania is due neither to Communist nostalgia or lack of democracy but to the complicated legacy of the Ceauşescu regime and the 1989 revolution.

scholarly journals The relationship between photometric and spectroscopic oscillation amplitudes from 3D stellar atmosphere simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiao Zhou ◽  
Thomas Nordlander ◽  
Luca Casagrande ◽  
Meridith Joyce ◽  
Yaguang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Stellar Atmospheres ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract We establish a quantitative relationship between photometric and spectroscopic detections of solar-like oscillations using ab initio, three-dimensional (3D), hydrodynamical numerical simulations of stellar atmospheres. We present a theoretical derivation as proof of concept for our method. We perform realistic spectral line formation calculations to quantify the ratio between luminosity and radial velocity amplitude for two case studies: the Sun and the red giant ε Tau. Luminosity amplitudes are computed based on the bolometric flux predicted by 3D simulations with granulation background modelled the same way as asteroseismic observations. Radial velocity amplitudes are determined from the wavelength shift of synthesized spectral lines with methods closely resembling those used in BiSON and SONG observations. Consequently, the theoretical luminosity to radial velocity amplitude ratios are directly comparable with corresponding observations. For the Sun, we predict theoretical ratios of 21.0 and 23.7 ppm/[m s−1] from BiSON and SONG respectively, in good agreement with observations 19.1 and 21.6 ppm/[m s−1]. For ε Tau, we predict K2 and SONG ratios of 48.4 ppm/[m s−1], again in good agreement with observations 42.2 ppm/[m s−1], and much improved over the result from conventional empirical scaling relations which gives 23.2 ppm/[m s−1]. This study thus opens the path towards a quantitative understanding of solar-like oscillations, via detailed modelling of 3D stellar atmospheres.

A Framework for Analyzing Structural Mechanisms Deployed to Support Traditional and Agile Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-227
Author(s):  
Michal Dolezel ◽  
Alena Buchalcevova
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Agile Software Development ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
Structural Mechanisms ◽  
Development Methods

People rely on structures to make their worlds orderly. This chapter conceptually probes into the problem of the differences between organizational structures deployed in traditional and agile environments. The authors develop an argument that all common forms of organizational entities can be classified by involving a two-dimensional classification scheme. Specifically, they constructed a typology to examine the issues of formal vs. informal authority, and disciplinarity vs. cross-functionality in terms of their significance for traditional and agile software development workplaces. Some examples of concrete organizational forms—including traditional project team, independent test team, self-organizing agile team and developers' community of practice—are discussed. In sum, they argue that by employing this classification scheme, they can theorize the nature of the on-going structural shift observed in conjunction with deploying agile software development methods. They acknowledge that the structures have fundamentally changed, terming the move “democratization” in the software development workplace.

scholarly journals 3D non-LTE line formation of neutral carbon in the Sun

2019 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. A111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amarsi ◽  
P. S. Barklem ◽  
R. Collet ◽  
N. Grevesse ◽  
M. Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Stellar Atmospheres ◽  
Impact Excitation ◽  
Solar Photosphere ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Good Agreement

Carbon abundances in late-type stars are important in a variety of astrophysical contexts. However C I lines, one of the main abundance diagnostics, are sensitive to departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We present a model atom for non-LTE analyses of C I lines, that uses a new, physically-motivated recipe for the rates of neutral hydrogen impact excitation. We analyse C I lines in the solar spectrum, employing a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model solar atmosphere and 3D non-LTE radiative transfer. We find negative non-LTE abundance corrections for C I lines in the solar photosphere, in accordance with previous studies, reaching up to around 0.1 dex in the disk-integrated flux. We also present the first fully consistent 3D non-LTE solar carbon abundance determination: we infer log ɛC = 8.44 ± 0.02, in good agreement with the current standard value. Our models reproduce the observed solar centre-to-limb variations of various C I lines, without any adjustments to the rates of neutral hydrogen impact excitation, suggesting that the proposed recipe may be a solution to the long-standing problem of how to reliably model inelastic collisions with neutral hydrogen in late-type stellar atmospheres.

scholarly journals Differences in Mass Distribution for Field and Cluster Spiral Galaxies

1987 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 66-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burstein ◽  
Vera C. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rotation Curves ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Distribution Form ◽  
Simple Classification ◽  
Observational Fact

Our group has now obtained rotation curves for 80 spiral galaxies, Hubble types Sa through Sd. As described in Rubin et al. (Ap. J. 289, 81; 1985), the forms of these rotation curves are similar for all Hubble types. Given this observational fact, we have chosen to analyze the mass distributions for these galaxies under the assumption that the mass distributions for all spirals can be described by the same three-dimensional form, here taken to be spherical for simplicity. The mass distribution forms for 71 of these galaxies can be placed into a simple classification scheme based on the curvature of mass distribution form in a log(radius) - log (integral mass) diagram. The three most common mass forms among this continuum are termed Types I, II and III, the forms of which are displayed below (see also the discussion by Rubin elsewhere in this Symposium).

scholarly journals Chromospheric Surface Structures on EI Eridani and HD 199178

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 330-332
Author(s):  
James E. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stellar Atmospheres ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Magnetic Topology ◽  
Radial Dimension

Several groups at this meeting are presenting maps of the spatial distribution of either brightness or effective temperature in the photospheres of rapidly-rotating, late-type stars. It is generally believed that structure seen in these maps traces the magnetic topology, in analogy with the Sun. We expect the structure of the outer atmospheres (i.e., chromosphere and corona) of these stars to be even more directly tied to the magnetic topology; the magnetic structure is three-dimensional. In order to probe the radial dimension of stellar atmospheres, we need to combine maps of the spatial distribution of emission from chromospheres and coronae with these detailed photospheric maps.Along with collaborators at Armagh, Catania, Boulder, Paris, Helsinki, and Stony Brook, I have been obtaining high-dispersion ultraviolet spectra of several rapidly-rotating, late-type stars using the IUE spacecraft. I discuss results for two stars, El Eridani and HD 199178, for which photospheric maps are presented elsewhere at this conference.

Preliminary thoughts on a taxonomy of value for sustainable computing

First Monday ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Great Danger

In anticipation of the various and imminent limits to global consumption-based growth, some quarters of the technology industry have begun to consider the novel use of computing to prevent, postpone, alleviate, or recover from a crisis in what could be called “sustainable computing.” There is, however, a great danger that certain inclinations of the technology sector will undermine the very goals of sustainability and resilience that such efforts claim to seek.This paper outlines a preliminary taxonomy of value for sustainable computing projects. The taxonomy suggests a three-dimensional classification of projects in terms of their impact on, intention toward, and effort required for sustainability. By making explicit an evaluative framework by which computing might and might not contribute to sustainability goals, the hope is that future work will tend toward projects that are genuinely helpful.

scholarly journals Extended static stellar atmospheres - V. Photospheres of luminous M stars

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schmid-Burgk ◽  
M. Scholz ◽  
R. Wehrse
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Atmospheres ◽  
M Stars
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