scholarly journals Gene Capture from across the Grass Family in the Allohexaploid Elymus repens (L.) Gould (Poaceae, Triticeae) as Evidenced by ITS, GBSSI, and Molecular Cytogenetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Mahelka ◽  
David Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Gene Capture ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Elymus Repens

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

Comparative Cytogenetics in Four Leptodactylus Species (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): Evidence of Inner Chromosomal Diversification in Highly Conserved Karyotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David S. da Silva ◽  
Heriberto F. da Silva Filho ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Edivaldo H.C. de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson J.B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agnor Staining ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Repetitive Dna Elements

With 82 species currently described, the genus <i>Leptodactylus</i> is the most diverse and representative one in the family Leptodactylidae. Concerning chromosomal organization, this genus represents an interesting and underexplored group since data from molecular cytogenetics are incipient, and little is known about the organization and distribution of repetitive DNA elements in the karyotypes. In this sense, this study aimed at providing a comparative analysis in 4 <i>Leptodactylus</i> species (<i>L. macrosternum, L. pentadactylus, L. fuscus,</i> and <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf<i>. podicipinus</i>), combining conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining, C-banding, and AgNOR staining) and mapping of molecular markers (18S rDNA, telomeric and microsatellite probes), to investigate mechanisms underlying their karyotype differentiation process. The results showed that all species had karyotypes with 2n = 22 and FN = 44, except for <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf. <i>podicipinus</i> which presented FN = 36. The 18S rDNA was observed in pair 8 of all analyzed species (corresponding to pair 4 in <i>L. pentadactylus</i>), coinciding with the secondary constrictions and AgNOR staining. FISH with microsatellite DNA probes demonstrated species-specific patterns, as well as an association of these repetitive sequences with constitutive heterochromatin blocks and ribosomal DNA clusters, revealing the dynamics of microsatellites in the genome of the analyzed species. In summary, our data demonstrate an ongoing process of genomic divergence inside species with almost similar karyotype, driven most likely by a series of pericentric inversions, followed by differential accumulation of repetitive sequences.

A new synonym of Ptilagrostis yadongensis and a new record of Stipa bhutanica to the flora of China (Poaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONG-SHUAI ZHANG ◽  
XIANG-YUN ZHU ◽  
LING-LU LI ◽  
SHAN-WEN JIANG ◽  
WEN-LI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Record ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Chinese Journal ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Flora Of China ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Small Genus

Ptilagrostis Grisebach (1852: 447) is a small genus of the grass family, including approximately 11 species (Wu & Phillips 2006, Barkworth 2007). It occurs in both Asia and North America with about eight species distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its diversity center. Ptilagrostis yadongensis Keng & Tang (1985: 44) is one of the species that occurs in this region, which was described based on materials from Yadong, China, the southern slope of Himalayas. The paper was published in a Chinese journal, viz. Journal of Southwest Agriculural University, and had not been noticed until 2005 (Peterson et al. 2005, Wu & Phillips 2006). The author pointed out that P. yadongensis is distinguished from its morphological close, Ptilagrostis concinna (Hooker 1897: 230) Roshevitz (1934: 75) by linear panicles with fewer spikelets, longer and unequal glumes, and shorter and glabrous anthers.

scholarly journals Germline PRKACA amplification causes variable phenotypes that may depend on the extent of the genomic defect: molecular mechanisms and clinical presentations

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya B Lodish ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Isaac Levy ◽  
Glenn D Braunstein ◽  
Charalampos Lyssikatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Genomic Rearrangements ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Depth Analysis

ObjectiveWe have recently reported five patients with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia (BAH) and Cushing's syndrome (CS) caused by constitutive activation of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PRKACA). By doing new in-depth analysis of their cytogenetic abnormality, we attempted a better genotype–phenotype correlation of theirPRKACAamplification.DesignThis study is a case series.MethodsMolecular cytogenetic, genomic, clinical, and histopathological analyses were performed in five patients with CS.ResultsReinvestigation of the defects of previously described patients by state-of-the-art molecular cytogenetics showed complex genomic rearrangements in the chromosome 19p13.2p13.12 locus, resulting in copy number gains encompassing the entirePRKACAgene; three patients (one sporadic case and two related cases) were observed with gains consistent with duplications, while two sporadic patients were observed with gains consistent with triplications. Although all five patients presented with ACTH-independent CS, the three sporadic patients had micronodular BAH and underwent bilateral adrenalectomy in early childhood, whereas the two related patients, a mother and a son, presented with macronodular BAH as adults. In at least one patient,PRKACAtriplication was associated with a more severe phenotype.ConclusionsConstitutional chromosomalPRKACAgene amplification is a recently identified genetic defect associated with CS, a trait that may be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner or occurde novo. Genomic rearrangements can be complex and can result in different copy number states of dosage-sensitive genes, e.g., duplication and triplication.PRKACAamplification can lead to variable phenotypes clinically and pathologically, both micro- and macro-nodular BAH, the latter of which we speculate may depend on the extent of amplification.

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