scholarly journals Urgent considerations for the neuro-oncologic treatment of patients with gliomas during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 912-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimish A Mohile ◽  
Jaishri O Blakeley ◽  
Na Tosha N Gatson ◽  
Andreas F Hottinger ◽  
Andrew B Lassman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Ventilator Care ◽  
Oncologic Treatment

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak is posing unprecedented risks and challenges for all communities and health care systems, worldwide. There are unique considerations for many adult patients with gliomas who are vulnerable to the novel coronavirus due to older age and immunosuppression. As patients with terminal illnesses, they present ethical challenges for centers that may need to ration access to ventilator care due to insufficient critical care capacity. It is urgent for the neuro-oncology community to develop a proactive and coordinated approach to the care of adults with gliomas in order to provide them with the best possible oncologic care while also reducing their risk of viral infection during times of potential health care system failure. In this article, we present an approach developed by an international multidisciplinary group to optimize the care of adults with gliomas during this pandemic. We recommend measures to promote strict physical distancing and minimize exposures for patients, address risk and benefit of all therapeutic interventions, proactively develop end-of-life plans, educate patients and caregivers, and ensure the health of the multidisciplinary neuro-oncology workforce. This pandemic is already changing neuro-oncologic care delivery around the globe. It is important to highlight opportunities to maximize the benefit and minimize the risk of glioma management during this pandemic and potentially, in the future.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Confronting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142110174
Author(s):  
Md Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Fatema Khatun ◽  
Ashik Uzzaman ◽  
Sadia Islam Sami ◽  
Md Al-Amin Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over 219 countries of the globe as a pandemic, creating alarming impacts on health care, socioeconomic environments, and international relationships. The principal objective of the study is to provide the current technological aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and other relevant technologies and their implications for confronting COVID-19 and preventing the pandemic’s dreadful effects. This article presents AI approaches that have significant contributions in the fields of health care, then highlights and categorizes their applications in confronting COVID-19, such as detection and diagnosis, data analysis and treatment procedures, research and drug development, social control and services, and the prediction of outbreaks. The study addresses the link between the technologies and the epidemics as well as the potential impacts of technology in health care with the introduction of machine learning and natural language processing tools. It is expected that this comprehensive study will support researchers in modeling health care systems and drive further studies in advanced technologies. Finally, we propose future directions in research and conclude that persuasive AI strategies, probabilistic models, and supervised learning are required to tackle future pandemic challenges.

scholarly journals The impact of chronic disease and disability on the elderly

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
C. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Health care systems for elderly people should aim to delay the onset of illness, reducing the final period of infirmity and illness to the shortest possible time. The most effective way to achieve this is by health education and preventative medicine to maintain mobility and function. Changes in life style even in late life may result in improved health, effectively decreasing the incidence of chronic diseases associated with advancing age. This paper presents the problems experienced by elderly persons with chronic diseases and disabilities with indications for meaningful therapeutic interventions.

The Future of Health Care in South Korea and the UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Matthews ◽  
Yoonsoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems ◽  
The Uk

This paper discusses and compares the origin and development of the health care systems of South Korea and the UK from the end of WW2 and endeavours to compare outcomes. The paper emphasises the importance of war as a stimulus to the development of national health services in both countries and argues that there is convergence between the UK's nationalised NHS and South Korea's US-modelled capitalist system. Overall, we conclude that there is a possibility not only that the financing and nature of the Korean and UK health care delivery systems may show convergence, but it is not impossible that they will ‘change places’ with the UK system dominated by private provision and South Korea's by public provision.

A Comparison of Organized and Traditional Health Care

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
D. M. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Traditional Health Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems

Summary Purpose: To compare organized and traditional health care delivery systems and their ability to meet several major challenges facing health care in the next 25 years. Approach: Analysis of traditional and organized health care systems based on a career spent in organized health care systems. Conclusions: The traditional health care system based on independent autonomous physicians is not able to meet the challenges of current healthcare. Stronger integration and coordination, i.e., organized health care delivery systems are required.

Developing and Measuring the Business Case for Health Information Technology

2017 ◽  
pp. 262-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Wade Unwin ◽  
Louis Sanzogni ◽  
Kuldeep Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Business Case ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Health It ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Care Systems

This chapter examines the adoption of information technology and information systems to support the clinical process. It explores popular models of information systems adoption and success, and relates these to the health it context. The end result of successful adoption of technology should be the improvement in performance of health care delivery, yet measurement of performance is complex. The various approaches to performance measurement are discussed. As one of the challenges in predicting the outcomes of adoption is the lack of consistent taxonomy, a solution to which is proposed. The chapter then looks at evaluation of it projects and considers what special factors may affect health it adoption and benefits in developing health care systems.

Adult Care in Cystic Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stuart Elborn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
Almost All

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is now more common in adults than children in countries with well-developed health care systems. The number of adults continues to increase and will further increase if the new cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are disease modifying. Most of the complex morbidity and almost all the mortality of CF occur in adults and will increasingly follow this pattern even with new effective modulator therapies. Maintaining good quality of life including social functioning and maximizing survival for adults are the key priorities. This requires a highly knowledgeable and adaptable multidisciplinary team, which, though focused on maintaining lung health, requires an increasing range of other disciplines and specialties to maximize well-being. Changes in health care systems will require current models of care to adapt to provide care for the large number of adult patients. With increasing survival and age, many are likely to have both CF morbidities and additional diseases of aging. New models are needed for health care delivery for this expanding population with complex medical conditions.

Toward More Patient-Centered and Prevention-Oriented Oral Health Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leggett ◽  
D. Duijster ◽  
G.V.A. Douglas ◽  
K. Eaton ◽  
G.J.M.G. van der Heijden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
European Union Member States

ADVOCATE (Added Value for Oral Care) is a project funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 program, which aims to develop strategies for a system transition toward more patient-centered and prevention-oriented oral health care delivery within health care systems. This system should balance the restorative and preventive approaches in dental and oral health care. ADVOCATE is a partnership among 6 European Union member states, which involves collaboration among universities, state-funded health care providers, and private insurance companies in Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Aridhia, a biomedical informatics company based in Scotland. There are 6 interrelated work packages, which aim to address the following objectives: 1) in-depth evaluation of oral health care systems in European Union member states to identify best system designs for oral disease prevention, 2) development of a set of measures to provide information on oral care delivery and oral health outcomes, 3) evaluation of a feedback approach in dental practice that aims to facilitate a change toward preventive oral health care delivery, and 4) economic evaluation of strategies to promote preventive oral health care and development of policy recommendations for oral health care systems. The project is novel in its use of data that are routinely collected by health insurance organizations, as well as the engagement of key stakeholders from dental teams, insurers, patients, and policy makers in guiding the development and progress of the project. This article outlines in detail the objectives and research methodology of the ADVOCATE project and its anticipated impact. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This commentary describes the development of policy options to promote a greater focus on disease prevention in general dental practice. The approach builds on identifying the comparative effectiveness of alternative incentive schemes, as well as methods to monitor clinical and patient-derived measures of success in creating health for patients. The article describes the development and application of the measures and the evaluation of their success in orienting clinical practice more toward disease prevention.

Rapid Process Optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Wiler ◽  
Kelly Bookman ◽  
Derek B. Birznieks ◽  
Robert Leeret ◽  
April Koehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Process Redesign ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Left Without Being Seen ◽  
Care Systems

Health care systems have utilized various process redesign methodologies to improve care delivery. This article describes the creation of a novel process improvement methodology, Rapid Process Optimization (RPO). This system was used to redesign emergency care delivery within a large academic health care system, which resulted in a decrease: (1) door-to-physician time (Department A: 54 minutes pre vs 12 minutes 1 year post; Department B: 20 minutes pre vs 8 minutes 3 months post), (2) overall length of stay (Department A: 228 vs 184; Department B: 202 vs 192), (3) discharge length of stay (Department A: 216 vs 140; Department B: 179 vs 169), and (4) left without being seen rates (Department A: 5.5% vs 0.0%; Department B: 4.1% vs 0.5%) despite a 47% increased census at Department A (34 391 vs 50 691) and a 4% increase at Department B (8404 vs 8753). The novel RPO process improvement methodology can inform and guide successful care redesign.

Dancing With Death in the Dust of Coronavirus: The Lived Experience of Iranian Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. e82-e89
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bahramnezhad ◽  
Parvaneh Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as a public health emergency poses dramatic challenges for health-care systems. The experiences of health-care workers are important in planning for future outbreaks of infectious diseases. This study explored the lived experiences of 14 nurses in Tehran, Iran caring for coronavirus patients using an interpretative phenomenological approach as described by Van Manen. In-depth interviews were audio-recorded between March 10 and May 5, 2020. The essence of the nurses' experiences caring for patients with COVID-19 was categorized as three themes and eight subthemes: (a) Strong pressure because of coronavirus: initial fear, loneliness, communication challenges, exhaustion. (b) Turn threats into opportunities: improvement of nursing image, professional development. (c) Nurses' expectations: expectations of people, expectations of government. The findings of this study showed that identifying the challenges and needs of health-care providers is necessary to create a safe health-care system and to prepare nurses and expand their knowledge and attitudes to care for patients in new crises in the future.

Countering Moral Hazard in Public and Private Health Care Systems: A Review of Recent Evidence

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Donaldson ◽  
Karen Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Care Systems

ABSTRACTWithin both publicly and privately financed health care Systems different funding mechanisms have evolved, or have been proposed, to deal with the problem of ‘moral hazard’. Moral hazard arises when financial incentives within the health care System lead to either inefficient demands for care by consumers or inefficient supply of care by providers. In this paper the problem of moral hazard is outlined in more detail, and different ways of countering moral hazard are reviewed in terms of three criteria: effect on patient utilisation of health services in general; effect on utilisation by different groups of patients; and effect on health status. It is concluded that evidence on different methods of funding health services can only be judged in the context of objectives. If the objectives of health care delivery are ‘maintenance or improvement of health’ and ‘equal access for equal need’ then charges and finance of care through health maintenance organisations both appear to be less favourable than ‘free’ care at the point of delivery whilst the latter is not necessarily more costly as a resuit. Research on other suggested alternatives is required, otherwise radical changes to health care financing in the UK will simply result in movement from one unproven system to another.

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