scholarly journals Predicting Crown Radius in Eastern White Pine (Pinusstrobus L.) Stands in New Hampshire

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Jordan ◽  
Mark J. Ducey
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Using data from 449 trees on 69 growth-and-yield plots located in southern and central New Hampshire, we developed models of crown radius for stand-grown eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in New Hampshire. In addition to dbh, we tested single-tree measurements sometimes collected in forest inventories (such as live crown length and live crown ratio [LCR]), as well as simple variables to compensate for stand density and competitive position of the tree. A model using dbh, stand basal area (BA), and LCR provided the best predictions, but a model using dbh, stand BA, and the ratio of dbh to stand quadratic mean diameter proved nearly as accurate. We compare these equations to previously published equations for white pine.

scholarly journals Practical Extension of a Lake States Tree Height Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Height Model

Abstract By adapting data from national and state champion lists and the predictions of an existing height model, an exponential function was developed to improve tree height estimation. As a case study, comparisons between the original and redesigned model were made with eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). For example, the heights predicted by the new design varied by centimeters from the original until the pines were more than 25 cm dbh, after which the differences increased notably. On a very good site (50-year base age site index [SI50] = 27.4 m) at the upper end of the range of basal area (BA; 68.9 m2/ha) for the region, the redesigned model predicted a champion-sized eastern white pine (actual measurements: 97.0 cm dbh, 50.9 m tall) to be 51.3 m tall, compared with 38.8 m using the original formulation under the same conditions. The NORTHWDS Individual Response Model (NIRM) individual tree model further highlighted the influence of these differences with long-term simulations of eastern white pine height. On a moderate site (SI50 = 18.7 m) with intermediate (BA = 15 m2/ha) stand density, NIRM results show that the original model consistently predicts heights to be 20–30% lower for mature white pine.

scholarly journals Stand density management diagrams and their development and utility in black spruce management

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Newton ◽  
G. F. Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Stand Density Management Diagram

A stand density management diagram for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was developed using data derived from 49 0.081-ha permanent sample plots and 257 open-grown sample trees located throughout central insular Newfoundland. The diagram illustrated the reciprocal equation of the competition-density effect, self-thinning rule, approximate crown closure line, zone of imminent competition-mortality, and isolines for relative density, quadratic mean diameter and merchantability ratio. Mean prediction error for natural stand trajectories over a 30-projection period were 2.5 dm3 for mean volume, 306 stems/ha for density, 16.1 m3/ha for merchantable volume, 14.3 m3/ha for total volume, and 1.9 m2/ha for basal area. Implementation procedures using a combination of monoareal and polyareal sampling methods were described and the potential application of the diagram for evaluating thinning alternatives was demonstrated. Limitations of the diagram and future research directions were identified. Key words: stand density management diagram, black spruce, natural stands, central Newfoundland

scholarly journals Stocking Diagrams for Silvicultural Guideline in Korean Pines and Japanese Larch

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Daesung Lee ◽  
Jungkee Choi
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Japanese Larch ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Species Specific

Appropriate management of stand density is necessary to avoid wasted growing space and overcrowding-induced self-thinning and therefore to optimize profitability. We developed a Gingrich-style stocking chart for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), Korean white pine (P. koraiensis), and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) in Korea. Datasets for even-aged stands were categorized into two censored datasets via relative density based on species-specific stand density indices to assign adequate plots for tree allometry. Censored plot data for maximum density on full stocking were used to develop A-level stocking based on mean individual tree area. In censored plot data for minimum density on full stocking, individual trees represented open-grown trees, and a crown competition factor of 100 was proposed as B-level stocking. Based on parameters estimated from allometry, stocking diagrams comprising quadratic mean diameter, number of trees, and basal area were correctly expressed. A-level stocking at the same quadratic mean diameter revealed that Korean white pine had the most trees and largest basal area, while Japanese larch had the fewest trees and smallest basal area. In contrast, B-level stocking disclosed that Japanese larch had the most trees and basal area, whereas Korean white pine had the fewest trees and smallest basal area. The stocking diagrams suggest that silvicultural treatments for these species should be species-specific.

Stand growth responses after fertilization for thinned lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and spruce in forests of interior British Columbia, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1482
Author(s):  
Woongsoon Jang ◽  
Bianca N.I. Eskelson ◽  
Louise de Montigny ◽  
Catherine A. Bealle Statland ◽  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses

This study was conducted to quantify growth responses of three major commercial conifer species (lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson), interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and spruce (white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière))) to various fertilizer blends in interior British Columbia, Canada. Over 25 years, growth-response data were repeatedly collected across 46 installations. The fertilizer blends were classified into three groups: nitrogen only; nitrogen and sulfur combined; and nitrogen, sulfur, and boron combined. The growth responses for stand volume, basal area, and top height were calculated through absolute and relative growth rate ratios relative to a controlled group. Fertilizer blend, inverse years since fertilization, site index, stand density at fertilization, and their interactions with the fertilizer blend were used as explanatory variables. The magnitude and significance of volume and basal area growth responses to fertilization differed by species, fertilizer-blend groups, and stand-condition variables (i.e., site index and stand density). In contrast, the response in top height growth did not differ among fertilization blends, with the exception of the nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer subgroup for lodgepole pine. The models developed in this study will be incorporated into the current growth and yield fertilization module (i.e., Table Interpolation Program for Stand Yields (TIPSY)), thereby supporting guidance of fertilization applications in interior forests in British Columbia.

Response of Eastern White Pine to Nitrogen Fertilization

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Robert K. Shephard ◽  
Gregory A. Reams ◽  
Ronald C. Lemin
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Area Response

Abstract Plots were established in nine eastern white pine stands; six on outwash soils and three on till soils. Nitrogen was applied to the plots at rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 lb/ac. Four-year growth response functions for basal area/ac and merchantable cubic ft volume/ac were developed. Basal area growth was 9.2 ft²/ac greater and volume growth was 235 ft³/ac greater on the till soils compared with the outwash soils, regardless of application rate Both basal area and volume growth increased as basal area/ac increased. Maximum basal area response, 5.7 ft²/ac, and maximum volume response, 198 ft³/ac, was estimated to occur at an application rate of approximately 160 lb of nitrogen/ac, with incremental response being greater at lower application rates. Fertilization at a rate of approximately 100 lb of nitrogen/ac appears to be a cost effective practice for many white pine stands. North. J. Appl. For. 8(2):83-85.

Compatible basal-area growth and yield model for thinned and unthinned stands

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bailey ◽  
Kenneth D. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter

A measure of kind and level of thinning is developed and its relationship to other stand attributes such as number of trees, basal area, and volume removed in thinning is quantified. This measure or thinning index is based on the ratio of the quadratic mean diameter of thinned trees to the quadratic mean diameter of all trees before thinning. The thinning index is then logically incorporated into a thinning multiplier from which is derived a compatible basal-area growth projection model to generalize the previous concepts for thinning effects in systems for predicting growth and yield. Empirical tests with data from thinned and unthinned natural stands of loblolly pine, from thinned and unthinned slash pine plantations, and from thinned western larch stands show the model to provide estimates with improved properties. Hence, the thinning index and the thinning multiplier are also proposed for other situations involving effects of thinning.

Incorporating intertree competition into an ecosystem model

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Korol ◽  
S.W. Running ◽  
K.S. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Individual Trees

Current research suggests that projected climate change may influence the growth of individual trees. Therefore, growth and yield models that can respond to potential changes in climate must be developed, TREE-BGC, a variant of the ecosystem process model FOREST-BGC, calculates the cycling of carbon, water, and nitrogen in and through forested ecosystems. TREE-BGC allocates stand-level estimates of photosynthesis to "each tree using a competition algorithm that incorporates tree height, relative radiation-use efficiency, and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, TREE-BGC simulated the growth of trees grown in a dense and an open stand of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) near Kamloops, B.C. The competition algorithm dynamically allocated stand estimates of photosynthesis to individual trees, and the trees were grown using an allometric relationship between biomass increment and height and diameter increment. Asymptotic height growth and the changes in the height–diameter relationship with competition were also incorporated in the model algorithms. Sapwood and phloem volume were used to calculate maintenance respiration. Predicted reductions in diameter growth with stand density were similar to those observed in the study stands. Although the carbon balance of individual trees was not tested, simulated tree diameter increments and height increments were correlated with the actual measurements of tree diameter increment (r2 = 0.89) and tree height increment (r2 = 0.78) for the 5-year period (n = 352). Although the model did not work well with trees that had diameters <5 cm, the model would be appropriate for a user who required an accuracy of ± 0.03 m3•ha−1 for volume, ± 0.02 m2•ha−1 for basal area, or ± 0.4 m for tree height over a 5-year period.

scholarly journals Variation in growth of Norway spruce in the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
Władysław Barzdajn ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Abstract Provenance experiments traditionally provide information on genetic variation within tree species in adaptation ability and other traits important for commercial forestry. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations of Nor­way spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) at four common-garden sites of the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series at the age close to half of rotation. Because stand density varied among sites, we analyzed stand density-adjusted basal area (BA) and quadratic mean diameter (Dq). The examined prove­nances varied significantly in both analyzed traits. We identi­fied provenances that performed consistently better or worse than average across all four sites. Among the well-growing and possibly adaptive seed sources were those from the uplands of the eastern and central Poland, Sudety Mts, and from the regi­on of Istebna in Beskid Mts. Performance of the other populati­ons from Beskid Mountains was average to poor, and all high-altitude populations were poor-growing. The results of this study help to verify the knowledge of genetic variation pattern among Norway spruce populations in Poland, and to guide management decisions regarding spruce planting material.

Algorithmic versions of black spruce stand density management diagrams

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Stand Density Management

Algorithmic versions of stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) were developed for natural and managed black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands. Specifically, the IBM-compatible PC-based algorithms (1) graphically illustrate site-specific size-density trajectories for eight user-specified initial density regimes, (2) given (1), calculate and subsequent tabulate periodic yield estimates (mean dominant height, density, mean volume, total volume, total merchantable volume, quadratic mean diameter, and basal area), and (3) given (2), graphically illustrate empirically-derived yield production curves for total merchantable volume ha−1 and stems m−3 with user-specified operability criteria superimposed. Instructions on acquiring the executable algorithmic versions including the required graphical subroutines via the Internet are described. Currently, the algorithms are restricted in applicability to central insular Newfoundland. Key words: stand density management diagrams, black spruce, algorithms, microcomputer, World-Wide Web (WWW), hypertext browser, file transfer protocol (FTP).

Double sampling may improve the efficiency of litterfall estimatesContribution No. 2335 of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, Durham, N.H.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Dellenbaugh ◽  
Mark J. Ducey ◽  
James C. Innes
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Double Sampling ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Target Variable ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Using Data

The effort required for an extensive litterfall measurement campaign can be prohibitive. We propose a double sampling approach, in which a large set of traps is used in each stand to estimate total litterfall, and only a subset of these traps is sorted to the relevant components. We examine its feasibility using data from a regional litterfall study of eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.), in which the variables of interest were biomass of foliar litterfall from pine and nitrogen content of foliar litterfall from all vegetation. Double sampling was more efficient than simple random sampling but only if every trap received a rapid presorting to remove twigs and cones. The optimal strategy when pine foliar litterfall biomass was the target variable was to conduct full sorting on 33% of the traps. When foliar litterfall N was the target, sorting only 20% of the traps was optimal. Holding time costs constant, the variance of estimated pine foliar litterfall biomass could be reduced by 18%, whereas that for foliar litterfall N could be reduced by 49%. Alternately, when variance was held constant, the time cost could be reduced by 17% for pine foliar litterfall biomass or 44% for foliar litterfall N.

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