Ground Cover Management Can Revitalize Black Walnut Trees

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Schlesinger ◽  
Jerome W. Van Sambeek
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Understory Vegetation Management ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract Many black walnut plantations have been successfully established in recent years, but not all have continued to grow well after establishment. In one 10-year-old plantation in southern Illinois, elimination of the fescue sod understory by annual cultivation for 5 years produced trees that were 69% larger in diameter at age 15 than those in untreated areas. In a second plantation, 17 years old at the time of treatment, elimination of the fescue by either cultivation or the establishment of hairy vetch resulted in a 250% increase in diameter growth over the next 3 years. For many slow-growing black walnut plantings, some form of understory vegetation management will be required to meet the goals of short-rotation forestry. North. J. Appl. For. 3:49-51, June 1986.

scholarly journals Effects of Understory Vegetation Management on Plant Communities in Oil Palm Plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah H. Luke ◽  
Dedi Purnomo ◽  
Andreas Dwi Advento ◽  
Anak Agung Ketut Aryawan ◽  
Mohammad Naim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Understory Vegetation Management

Effects of Understory Vegetation Management on Brood Habitat for Northern Bobwhites

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Burke ◽  
Michael J. Chamberlain ◽  
James P. Geaghan
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Northern Bobwhites ◽  
Understory Vegetation Management

scholarly journals Effects of Initial Soil Properties on Three-Year Performance of Six Tree Species in Tropical Dry Forest Restoration Plantings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Carrasco-Carballido ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Garza ◽  
Héctor Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
Flavio Márquez-Torres ◽  
Julio Campo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Fast Growing Species

Deforestation of tropical dry forest reduces soil fertility, with negative effects on future restoration intervention. To evaluate the effect of initial soil properties on three-year performance of six tree species in restoration settings, we measured C, N, and P contents in topsoils of 48 plots under minimal (exclusions of livestock grazing) and maximal (plantings of six native species) restoration intervention during two years in tropical dry forest in central Mexico. Survival and height and diameter relative growth rates were evaluated by species and by growth rank (three fast- and three slow-growing species). After two years, organic C and the C:N ratio increased early during natural succession; these increases might be related to high density of N2-fixing recruits at both intervention levels. Changes in N availability for plants (i.e., NO3− and NH4+ contents) occurred after cattle exclusion. After 40 months, the fast-growing legume Leucaena esculenta (DC.) Benth. had the highest survival (65.55%) and relative growth rate in both height (3.16%) and diameter (5.67%). Fast-growing species had higher survival and diameter growth rates than slow-growing species. Higher diameter growth rates for fast-growing species may be associated with a higher ability to forage for soil resources, whereas similar height growth rates for slow and fast-growing species suggested low competition for light due to slow natural succession at the site. Planted seedlings had higher survival possibly due to initial high NO3− content in the soil. Also, fast-growing species seem to benefit from initially higher pH in the soil. Both soil properties (i.e., pH and NO3−) may be augmented to favor the performance of fast-growing species in restoration plantings and to further accelerate soil recovery in tropical dry forests.

Relationship of Pacific Madrone Sprout Growth to Productivity of Douglas-Fir Seedlings and Understory Vegetation

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Hughes ◽  
John C. Tappeiner ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Old West ◽  
Pacific Madrone ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sprout Growth

Abstract We studied the development of Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) sprout clumps of various initial densities and their effect on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedling growth and understory vegetation. Five years after density treatments, average leaf area index (LAI) of 9-year-oldmadrone sprouts ranged from 3.6-1.0 m²/m² and total aboveground biomass from 25,630-8,390 kg/ha on the high- and low-density plots, respectively. Diameter of 9-year-old Douglas-fir was inversely related to madrone LAI and ranged from about 27 mm on the high-density plots to 54 mmin the absence of madrone. Analyses of diameter growth trends also indicated that, in the absence of madrone, Douglas-fir grew significantly (P = 0.001 to 0.023) faster than in other treatments. An index of shrub, forb, and grass density was inversely related to madrone LAI, suggesting thatunderstory species are quickly excluded from young madrone stands during secondary succession. We provide equations relating the 5-year growth of 9-year-old Douglas-fir to measures of madrone density and seedling size made when the plantation was 5 years old. West. J. Appl. For. 5(1):20-24.

Growth of Young Black Walnut Plantations in Kentucky1

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Kalisz ◽  
Jeffrey W. Stringer ◽  
Deborah B. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Soil Suitability ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Competition Control

Abstract Height, basal diameter, and crown width were determined for 2-to 16- year-old black walnut trees in 61 plantations distributed throughout Kentucky. Measurements from the 3050 trees sampled were used to develop height/age, diameter/age, and crown width/diameter equations and curves. These curves provide benchmarks for evaluating the early growth of typical plantations. Annual height and diameter growth were compared among different geologic substrates, landscape positions, levels of competition control, and soil suitability classes. At an average age of 6 years, height and diameter growth averaged 0.9 ft/yr and 0.2 in./yr, respectively, for all 61 plantations. Height growth was 35% greater for plantations located on suitable soils compared to plantations on soils of questionable suitability. Soil suitability did not affect diameter growth, but plantations with good competition control had 50% greater diameter growth compared to plantations with fair or poor competition control. Results of this study re-emphasize two principles of black walnut management: (1) only plant on good sites and (2) always control competition. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):17-20, March 1989.

Production physiology and morphology of Populus species and their hybrids grown under short rotation. I. Clonal comparisons of 4-year growth and phenology

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽  
B. M. Wiard ◽  
J. H. Braatne ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hybrid Superiority ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Number Of Branches

Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 × 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that off. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that off. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populustrichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species.

Effect of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on diameter growth of pole-size sugar maple

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stand Conditions

Diameter growth of pole-size sugar maple crop trees was increased significantly by commercial thinning but not by fertilization treatments applied 3 years after or 3 years before thinning. DBH growth was strongly related to initial DBH both before and after release. Neither urea nor ammonium nitrate increased growth. Fertilizing individual crop trees on medium and better sites is not likely to increase growth significantly because of dilution by large nutrient pools in these soils, uptake by competing trees and understory vegetation, and distribution of absorbed nutrients by leaf dispersal. Commercial thinning removed the small and defective stems, increased diameter growth of residual crop trees by 40%, and provided stand conditions favorable for development of high value sawlogs.

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