Site Index Curves and Site Factors Affecting the Growth of White Pine in Southern Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Peter A. Williams ◽  
Andrew M. Gordon ◽  
Edward P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract The objectives of this project were to develop site index curves and provide soil-site information for southern Ontario white pine and to compare that information to similar information on white pine from other regions and to information on Norway spruce in the study area. Sampling points were selected in unthinned white pine plantations and classified by sod textural class (course, medium, and free) and depth to distinct mottling (0-16, 16-40, and 40 + in.). Two sets of anamorphic site index curves were constructed from stem analysis data, using a total age of 30 years (SI30) and a breast height age of 25 years (SIBH25) as base ages. Significant differences due to soil factors were found in the number of years it took seedlings to reach breast height (BH) (mean = 6 5 years; range = 3 to 11 years) but not in SIBH25. Years to BH was significantly greater on clayey sites than those with loamy or sandy textures (6.1 vs. 5.0 and 4.9 years). White pine height growth in the study area compared favorably with white pine height growth in New England, Wisconsin, and Ohio. When white pine height growth was compared to the growth of Norway spruce in the study area, SIBH25 values were significantly higher for Norway spruce but years to BH were significantly lower for white pine. On poorly drained sites, site index values for white pine and Norway spruce were similar, but it took 2.2 years less for white pine to reach breast height (7.2 vs. 5.0 years). On imperfectly and well-drained sites, white pine seedlings took less time than Norway spruce to reach BH, but the site index of Norway spruce was much greater. North. J. Appl. For. 7:183-186, December 1990.

Site Index Curves for Norway Spruce in Southern Ontario1

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Gordon ◽  
Peter A. Williams ◽  
Edward P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Drainage Class ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Four dominant or codominant Norway spruce trees from each of 55 sites were destructively sampled and the annual height growth determined by stem analysis. The sampled sites were stratified by soil textural class (coarse, medium, and fine) and depth to distinct mottling (0-16, 16-40, and 40 in.). Two sets of an-amorphic site index curves were constructed using a total age of 30 years (SI30), and breast height age of 25 years (SIBH25) as base ages. The mean SI30 from Ontario (53 ft) was found to be 17.8% higher than the mean values published from Vermont (45 ft) and currently used in Ontario. SIBH25 values had a range of 34.6 to 74.8 ft with a mean of 55.3 ft. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in SIBH25 due to soil texture and drainage class, and in years to breast height (BH) due to drainage class. SIBH25 was highest on sites with loamy soils and distinct mottling at 16-40 in. It took an average of 6.5 years for seedlings to reach BH with a range of 3 to 12 years. Years to BH was lowest on sites with sandy soils and those with distinct mottling below 40 in. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):23-26, March 1989.

Polymorphic site index curves for jack pine in Northern Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
G. Hazenberg ◽  
G. P. Niznowski
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The North

Stem-analysis data from dominant and codominant trees were collected from 383 plots located in fully stocked, even-aged, undisturbed mature jack pine stands. Separate site index curves were independently formulated for four regions of northern Ontario using the Newnham constrained nonlinear regression model; these formulations were used for comparing regional site index curves at three levels of site index (10 m, 15 m and 20 m).Comparisons showed that no significant differences existed between the four regional curves as well as with previously published site index curves for the North Central Region. Each of the four regions had similar polymorphic height-growth patterns; therefore, data for the four regions were combined and a single formulation was used to develop a polymorphic set of site index curves for all of northern Ontario. We found that poor sites in each region had almost linear height growth up to 100 years breast-height age, but for each region height growth became more curvilinear with increasing site index. The recommended site index curves for northern Ontario are based on a formulation using only data from plots 100 years and less but this formulation was not significantly different from a formulation using only data from plots 80 years and less, or a formulation that included all data from plots older than 100 years breast-height age.Comparisons were made between our northern Ontario curves and other jack pine site index curves for Ontario as well as curves for other areas of Canada and the United States. These comparisons generally showed considerable older age differences. Reasons for these differences are uncertain but could be due to differences in the amount and kind of data used for these other curves, could be due to differences in analytical methods, or could be due to regional differences in climate, soil and topography. Key words: site quality evaluation, polymorphic height growth, regional site index curves, site index prediction equations, comparisons among site index curves.

scholarly journals Site Factors Affecting Growth of Slash Pine in the Texas Post Oak Belt

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
W. David Hacker ◽  
M. Victor Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Age Model

Abstract A study was conducted in the Post Oak Belt of East Texas to determine which site factors affected height growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.). Height-age pairs were developed from stem analysis data. Nonlinear regression was implemented to develop a generalized height-age model. After curves were developed, stepwise regression was used to determine impacts of environmental variables on height growth. Environmental factors correlated with height growth included A horizon depth and those related to moisture relations including seasonal precipitation, average daily temperature, and texture of the A horizon. South. J. Appl. For. 21(2):71-74.

Early Height Growth and Site Index for Planted Red Pine in North Central Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
William H. Carmean ◽  
James S. Thrower
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Index Estimation ◽  
Best Estimates

Abstract Height-growth, site-index curves, and growth intercepts were developed from internode and stem-analysis data using dominant trees in 25 plots located in red pine plantations aged 26 to 37 yr. Height-growth curves were based on breast-height age because growth below breast height (1.3 m) was slow and erratic. Growth intercepts using the first three to five internodes above 1.5 m gave the best estimates of site index (dominant height at 20 yr breast-height age)for trees that were between 3 and 5 yr breast-height age; site-index estimation equations gave the best estimates for trees older than 10 yr breast-height age. These computed height-growth curves and growth intercepts and observed site index in north central Ontario were similar to other regions. The excellent growth observed in this study suggests that red pine should be given greater emphasis in future reforestation programs in north central Ontario. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1): 23-29.

Site Index Curves for Unthinned Norway Spruce Plantations in New York

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Steven B. Jack ◽  
Christopher A. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Soil Catena ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Field Estimation ◽  
Allegheny Plateau

Abstract Polymorphic site index curves were developed for Norway spruce growing in unthinned, old-field plantations in the Allegheny Plateau region of central New York (reference age is 50 years at breast height). Stem analysis data were collected from 151 dominant and codominant trees representing a single but wide-spread soil catena (Bath - Lordstown - Mardin - Volusia; approx. 2.7 million ac). Site index curves at 10-ft intervals for breast height ages 10 to 50 years are furnished for field estimation. For more precise estimates, a table of site index values by 2-ft heights and 2-year ages is provided. North. J. Appl. For. 5:251-254, December 1988.

Estimating Site Quality of Young Red Pine Plantations by Growth Intercept Methods

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Bottenfield ◽  
David D. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Five growth intercept measurements were correlated with site index of red pine plantations in the northern Lakes States. The growth intercept variables were obtained by direct field measurement or indirectly through interpolation of stem analysis data. Growth intercepts represented both time (age in years) and distance (height in feet) measurements. Growth intercepts representing time and the age at breast height are not recommended for use in young red pine plantations. The amount of height growth in the first five annual whorls above 5 and 8 ft were good predictors of site index. North. J. Appl. For. 5:91-93, June 1988.

Stem Volume and Site Index Equations for European Larch in Maine

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Gilmore ◽  
Russell D. Briggs ◽  
Robert S. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Volume Equation

Abstract Stem analysis data collected from 101 sample trees located in 12 plantations established between 1930 and 1982 throughout central Maine were used to develop total and merchantable stem volume prediction equations, and site index prediction equations for plantation-grown European larch. The inside bark merchantable volume equation (4 in. top dob and 12 ft minimum merchantable bole) using a weighted combined variable was very similar to one for Japanese larch in Pennsylvania. Site index curves from this study were identical to those developed in southern New York and New England below a breast height (bh) age of 20 yr; after bh age 20, our curves predicted increasingly greater height growth and show a 6-12 ft superiority in height at a bh age of 50. North. J. Appl. For. 10(2):70-74.

A Multipoint Felled-Tree Validation of Height–Age Modeled Growth Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halli Hemingway ◽  
Mark Kimsey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract Accurate measures of forest site productivity are essential for forest-management planning. The most common measure of site productivity is breast height–age site index (BHASI)—the expected height at a reference age. Error from including early growth in productivity estimates and limited applicability of any one BHASI model warrant development of alternative methods. Exploring alternatives may only be necessary if regional BHASI models are not accurately predicting growth rates. We compared modeled height growth rates for Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to felled-tree measurements to evaluate relative performance of a regional BHASI model. An orthogonal sampling design ensured samples were collected across a range of site factors known to influence Douglas-fir growth rates. Growth rates for each 10 m section were calculated and compared to BHASI modeled growth rates. The regional BHASI model underpredicted growth rates from breast height to 30 m. Observed growth rates from 10 to 30 m accounted for the majority of underprediction relative to BHASI modeled growth rates. An alternative multipoint method of defining site productivity is described. More research comparing BHASI and alternative methods is needed, given the growth rate error associated with one-point site productivity assessment.

Comparison and Development of Height Growth and Site Index urves for Douglas-Fir in the Inland Northwest

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
James L. Vander Ploeg ◽  
James A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Central Idaho

Abstract Stem analysis data from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) collected throughout the inland Northwest were used for testing height growth and site index equations. The equations performed well in northern and central Idaho, northeast Oregon, and northeast Washington on vegetative types similar to those sampled in model development. However, if the equations were applied on drier sites outside the original geographic study area, overestimates of height growth and under-estimates of site index could result. Therefore, revised height growth and site index equations are presented for western Montana and central Washington. West. J. Appl. For. 4(3):85-88, July 1989.

Growth Intercept Methods for Predicting Site Index in Red Pine Plantations in the Allegheny Plateau of Ohio

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown ◽  
Charles A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Allegheny Plateau ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Growth intercept (GI) techniques were evaluated for estimating site quality in red pine stands planted on old-field sites in the unglaciated Western and Central Allegheny Plateau regions of Ohio. Correlations between height growth of trees below breast height (BH) and height growth above BH were not statistically significant. Site index estimates were made using age at BH and height from BH to the growing tip. Three-year and 5-year growth beginning three internodes above the BH annual increment and 10-year growth beginning one internode above BH were more significantly correlated with height than were intercepts beginning at BH. In equations developed for predicting site index, 3-, 5-, and 10-year intercepts in combination with age accounted for 64 to 80% of the variation in tree heights. Combining thickness of the A soil horizon with GI and age statistically increased the variation accounted for in the 3- and 5-year GI equations; however, for field use, the improvement in accuracy was not sufficient to justify making the additional soil measurement. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):27-30, March 1990.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document