Early Height Growth and Site Index for Planted Red Pine in North Central Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
William H. Carmean ◽  
James S. Thrower
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Index Estimation ◽  
Best Estimates

Abstract Height-growth, site-index curves, and growth intercepts were developed from internode and stem-analysis data using dominant trees in 25 plots located in red pine plantations aged 26 to 37 yr. Height-growth curves were based on breast-height age because growth below breast height (1.3 m) was slow and erratic. Growth intercepts using the first three to five internodes above 1.5 m gave the best estimates of site index (dominant height at 20 yr breast-height age)for trees that were between 3 and 5 yr breast-height age; site-index estimation equations gave the best estimates for trees older than 10 yr breast-height age. These computed height-growth curves and growth intercepts and observed site index in north central Ontario were similar to other regions. The excellent growth observed in this study suggests that red pine should be given greater emphasis in future reforestation programs in north central Ontario. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1): 23-29.

Estimating Site Quality of Young Red Pine Plantations by Growth Intercept Methods

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Bottenfield ◽  
David D. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Five growth intercept measurements were correlated with site index of red pine plantations in the northern Lakes States. The growth intercept variables were obtained by direct field measurement or indirectly through interpolation of stem analysis data. Growth intercepts represented both time (age in years) and distance (height in feet) measurements. Growth intercepts representing time and the age at breast height are not recommended for use in young red pine plantations. The amount of height growth in the first five annual whorls above 5 and 8 ft were good predictors of site index. North. J. Appl. For. 5:91-93, June 1988.

Growth Intercept Methods for Predicting Site Index in Red Pine Plantations in the Allegheny Plateau of Ohio

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown ◽  
Charles A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Allegheny Plateau ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Growth intercept (GI) techniques were evaluated for estimating site quality in red pine stands planted on old-field sites in the unglaciated Western and Central Allegheny Plateau regions of Ohio. Correlations between height growth of trees below breast height (BH) and height growth above BH were not statistically significant. Site index estimates were made using age at BH and height from BH to the growing tip. Three-year and 5-year growth beginning three internodes above the BH annual increment and 10-year growth beginning one internode above BH were more significantly correlated with height than were intercepts beginning at BH. In equations developed for predicting site index, 3-, 5-, and 10-year intercepts in combination with age accounted for 64 to 80% of the variation in tree heights. Combining thickness of the A soil horizon with GI and age statistically increased the variation accounted for in the 3- and 5-year GI equations; however, for field use, the improvement in accuracy was not sufficient to justify making the additional soil measurement. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):27-30, March 1990.

Polymorphic site index curves for jack pine in Northern Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
G. Hazenberg ◽  
G. P. Niznowski
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The North

Stem-analysis data from dominant and codominant trees were collected from 383 plots located in fully stocked, even-aged, undisturbed mature jack pine stands. Separate site index curves were independently formulated for four regions of northern Ontario using the Newnham constrained nonlinear regression model; these formulations were used for comparing regional site index curves at three levels of site index (10 m, 15 m and 20 m).Comparisons showed that no significant differences existed between the four regional curves as well as with previously published site index curves for the North Central Region. Each of the four regions had similar polymorphic height-growth patterns; therefore, data for the four regions were combined and a single formulation was used to develop a polymorphic set of site index curves for all of northern Ontario. We found that poor sites in each region had almost linear height growth up to 100 years breast-height age, but for each region height growth became more curvilinear with increasing site index. The recommended site index curves for northern Ontario are based on a formulation using only data from plots 100 years and less but this formulation was not significantly different from a formulation using only data from plots 80 years and less, or a formulation that included all data from plots older than 100 years breast-height age.Comparisons were made between our northern Ontario curves and other jack pine site index curves for Ontario as well as curves for other areas of Canada and the United States. These comparisons generally showed considerable older age differences. Reasons for these differences are uncertain but could be due to differences in the amount and kind of data used for these other curves, could be due to differences in analytical methods, or could be due to regional differences in climate, soil and topography. Key words: site quality evaluation, polymorphic height growth, regional site index curves, site index prediction equations, comparisons among site index curves.

Height growth–elevation relationships in subalpine forests of interior British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klinka ◽  
H. Y. H. Chen ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Study Species

Stem analysis data from even-aged Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] stands on zonal sites in the Engelmann Spruce—Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zone of British Columbia were used to examine the relationships of site index and height growth and elevation, latitude, and longitude. Elevation and latitude were found to be strongly negatively correlated with site index of both study species. Spruce site index (bh age 50) was predicted to decrease 2.9 m and fir site index 2.5 m with every 100 m and 1° increase in elevation and latitude, respectively; however, (i) site index of both species appeared to decline faster with increasing latitude than elevation, and (ii) decrease appeared to be faster for spruce than for fir. Comparison of height growth curves for stands on zonal and azonal sites with similar site index from different elevations and latitudes suggested that there are probably inconsequential differences between the shape of curves for either species. These findings imply that (i) subalpine fir is better adapted to subalpine boreal climates than Engelmann spruce and (ii) development of polymorphic site index curves for estimating site index of both species may be appropriate. Key words: elevation, latitude, longitude, site index, height growth, Abies lasiocarpa, Picea engelmannii, Engelmann Spruce—Subalpine Fir zone

scholarly journals Site-Index Curves and Growth Intercepts for Young White Spruce Plantations in North Central Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
Gerrit Hazenberg ◽  
James S. Thrower ◽  
Richard R. LaValley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Model ◽  
North Central ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Dominant Height

Abstract Site-index (heightߝgrowth) curves, site-index prediction equations, and growth intercepts were developed from internode measurements and stem-analysis data using dominant trees in 69 plots located in white spruce plantations aged 19 to 32 years total age. Site-index curves were based on breast-height (1.3 m) age because our analyses show that height growth below breast height is slow and erratic and is poorly related to site index (dominant height at 15 years breast-height age). The most precise model for computing heightߝgrowth curves was a Newnham constrained polymorphic expression (Newnham, R.M. 1988. A modification of the Ek-Payandeh nonlinear regression model for site-index curves. Can. J. For. Res. 18:115ߝ120) of the Ek nonlinear regression model (Ek, A.R. 1971. A formula for white spruce site-index curves. University of Wisconsin For. Res. Note 161. 2 p). Comparisons showed that site-index curves in North Central Ontario were comparable to site-index curves for white spruce plantations in southeastern Ontario. The first three to five internodes above 2.0 m gave the most precise estimates of site index based on growth intercepts. North. J. Appl. For. 23(4):257–263.

Site Index and Height Growth Curves for Ponderosa Pine, Western Larch, Lodgepole Pine, and Douglas-Fir in Western Montana

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey S. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Western Larch

Abstract Height growth patterns from several published site curve sytems for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca), western larch (Larix occidentalis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) were compared to stem analysis data from western Montana. Most of the published curves had height growth patterns that differed significantly from those in the data. The magnitude of the deviations often varied by level of site index; this appeared to be related to differences in the range of site qualities sampled. Those curves constructed from stem analysis data from geographically similar populations compared most closely. Curves constructed using guide curve techniques showed a consistent tendency to underpredict heights at greater ages. New site index and height growth curves are presented for each species. West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):9-14.

Site Index Curves and Site Factors Affecting the Growth of White Pine in Southern Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Peter A. Williams ◽  
Andrew M. Gordon ◽  
Edward P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract The objectives of this project were to develop site index curves and provide soil-site information for southern Ontario white pine and to compare that information to similar information on white pine from other regions and to information on Norway spruce in the study area. Sampling points were selected in unthinned white pine plantations and classified by sod textural class (course, medium, and free) and depth to distinct mottling (0-16, 16-40, and 40 + in.). Two sets of anamorphic site index curves were constructed from stem analysis data, using a total age of 30 years (SI30) and a breast height age of 25 years (SIBH25) as base ages. Significant differences due to soil factors were found in the number of years it took seedlings to reach breast height (BH) (mean = 6 5 years; range = 3 to 11 years) but not in SIBH25. Years to BH was significantly greater on clayey sites than those with loamy or sandy textures (6.1 vs. 5.0 and 4.9 years). White pine height growth in the study area compared favorably with white pine height growth in New England, Wisconsin, and Ohio. When white pine height growth was compared to the growth of Norway spruce in the study area, SIBH25 values were significantly higher for Norway spruce but years to BH were significantly lower for white pine. On poorly drained sites, site index values for white pine and Norway spruce were similar, but it took 2.2 years less for white pine to reach breast height (7.2 vs. 5.0 years). On imperfectly and well-drained sites, white pine seedlings took less time than Norway spruce to reach BH, but the site index of Norway spruce was much greater. North. J. Appl. For. 7:183-186, December 1990.

A numerical method for the solution of a base-age-specific site index model

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2487-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghe Wang ◽  
Bijan Payandeh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
North Central ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Site Index Model ◽  
Index Estimation

A numerical solution was derived for previously published site index equations for trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). Data from aspen stands in north central Ontario were used to verify the validity and accuracy of the numerical method. With the numerical solution, only the height-growth equation is employed to estimate (i) height from site index and age and (ii) site index from height and age. The numerical method simplified site index estimation and improved its accuracy for aspen stands in north central Ontario.

Height-growth and site-index curves for jack pine in north central Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
Daniel J. Lenthall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Average Height ◽  
North Central ◽  
A Site

Height-growth patterns for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were studied using stem analyses from dominant and codominant trees on 141 plots in north central Ontario. All plots were in natural, well-stocked, even-aged stands 50 years of age or older. Data from 32 of the 141 plots were randomly selected to confirm results, the remaining 109 plots were used for computing the curves. Height-growth curves were developed using a five-parameter Chapman–Richards nonlinear regression that expressed height as a function of age and site index. A site-index prediction equation was also computed using a similar model that expressed site index as a function of age and tree height. Estimated site index using height-growth curves based on the 109 computation plots agreed closely with site index observed from stem analyses on the 32 confirmation plots. Major results were as follows: (i) height-growth curves based on breast-height age were more accurate than curves based on total age; (ii) polymorphic height-growth patterns were related to site index, becoming more curvilinear as site index increased; (iii) average height-growth patterns were similar for jack pine growing on four glacial landforms: shallow and deep moraines, outwashed glacial sands, and lacustrine clays and silts; and (iv) height-growth patterns for ages less than 50 years were very similar to patterns of the commonly used Plonski curves for jack pine site classes in Ontario, but after 50 years, height growth was somewhat better for all sites than predicted by the Plonski curves.

Site Index Curves for Norway Spruce in Southern Ontario1

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Gordon ◽  
Peter A. Williams ◽  
Edward P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Drainage Class ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Four dominant or codominant Norway spruce trees from each of 55 sites were destructively sampled and the annual height growth determined by stem analysis. The sampled sites were stratified by soil textural class (coarse, medium, and fine) and depth to distinct mottling (0-16, 16-40, and 40 in.). Two sets of an-amorphic site index curves were constructed using a total age of 30 years (SI30), and breast height age of 25 years (SIBH25) as base ages. The mean SI30 from Ontario (53 ft) was found to be 17.8% higher than the mean values published from Vermont (45 ft) and currently used in Ontario. SIBH25 values had a range of 34.6 to 74.8 ft with a mean of 55.3 ft. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in SIBH25 due to soil texture and drainage class, and in years to breast height (BH) due to drainage class. SIBH25 was highest on sites with loamy soils and distinct mottling at 16-40 in. It took an average of 6.5 years for seedlings to reach BH with a range of 3 to 12 years. Years to BH was lowest on sites with sandy soils and those with distinct mottling below 40 in. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):23-26, March 1989.

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