Two Coastal Terms of Continental Origin: ‘Shingle’ and ‘Dene’

Abstract. In-situ observations of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 at Hateruma Island (24.05° N, 123.80° E, 47 m a.s.l), Japan shows large synoptic scale variations during a 6-month period from November to April, when the sampled air is predominantly of continental origin due to the Asian winter monsoon. Synoptic scale variations are extracted from the daily averaged values for the years between 1996 and 2007, along with the annual standard deviations (σCO2 and σCH4 for CO2 and CH4, respectively) for the relevant 6-month period. During this 6-month period the absolute mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 at Hateruma are also elevated compared to those at two sites in the central North Pacific Ocean. The temporal change in σCO2 shows a systematic increase over the 12-year period, with elevated excursions in 1998 and 2003; there is no clear increase in σCH4. We also find that the σCO2/σCH4 ratio increases gradually from 1996 to 2002 and rapidly after 2002 without any extreme deviations that characterised σCO2. The σCO2/σCH4 ratio correlates closely with the recent rapid increase in fossil carbon emissions from China, as indicated in the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) database. This methodology can be applied to multiple chemical tracers of sufficient lifetime, for tracking overall changes in regional emissions.

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Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in Northeast Part of Anbar Governorate – West of Iraq

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.16.1.0088 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 0088

Author(s):

Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Water Type ◽

Hydrochemical Parameters ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Geological Formation ◽

Continental Origin

A groundwater quality assessment has been carried out in northeast part of Anbar governorate in western Iraq. We analyzed hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids presence of ions to describe groundwater quality. The study area has the only confined aquifer within the geological formation extended in area. Values of groundwater hydrochemical parameters were ranged from (7) to (7.9) for ph, (1599) to (6800) µmhos/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and (1048) to (4446) mg/l for total dissolved solids (TDS). The origins and types of groundwater in the area were of marine origin and MgCl2 water type while only (6) samples were of continental origin and Na2SO4 water type. Groundwater utilization indicated that it can't be used for drinking purposes, while few groundwater wells can be used for agricultural and (33) groundwater samples can be used for animal purposes. However, the nature of the soil in the area and the depth of the groundwater qualified water for agricultural uses in significant and wide ranges.

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Biogeochemical processes in the Barents sea

10.29006/978-5-6045110-0-8/(23) ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 287-306

Author(s):

A.Yu. Lein ◽

◽

A.S. Savvichev ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Column ◽

Methane Concentration ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Biogeochemical Processes ◽

Total Abundance ◽

The North ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Continental Origin ◽

Biomass Of Microorganisms

Biogeochemical processes involving microorganisms play an important role in marine sedimentogenesis. The study of biogeochemical processes in the Barents Sea was carried out from 1997 with interruptions until 2019. Using a complex of geological-geochemical, microbiological, radioisotope and stable isotope methods, it was possible to obtain a quantitative estimate of the total abundance and biomass of microorganisms, rates of biogeochemical processes, methane content and organic matter suspended. In the course of work in four expeditions, it was found that in the surface (0–10 m) water column south of 74° N the magnitude of the total abundance and the biomass of microorganisms increased by 2019 by about 5 times compared to 1998. To the north, in colder waters, the total abundance and the biomass of organisms were lower than in the southern region of the sea. The methane concentration in the surface layer of the water column at the border with the atmosphere did not change much for 20 years (1976–1997) and increased noticeably from 1997 to 2017, from 3.3 to 15.8 nM. The increase in FFM, the biomass of organisms and the concentration of methane in the water column is associated with the melting of glaciers, with the release of organic matter of continental origin released from ice into the water. The results of the work indicate changes in the ecosystem of the Barents Sea.

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The Geochemistry of 1 ky Old Euxinic Sediments of the Western Black Sea

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences9110455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Octavian G. Duliu ◽

Carmen I. Cristache ◽

Ana-Voica Bojar ◽

Gheorghe Oaie ◽

Otilia-Ana Culicov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Black Sea ◽

Epithermal Neutron ◽

Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽

Unconsolidated Sediments ◽

Prompt Gamma ◽

The Core ◽

North American Shale Composite ◽

Unconsolidated Sediment ◽

Continental Origin

To get more data on the geochemistry of Black Sea euxinic sediments, a 50-cm core was collected at a depth of 600 m on a Western Black Sea Continental Platform slope. The core contained unconsolidated sediments rich in cocoolithic ooze and mud. Epithermal Neutron and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis were used to determine the content of nine major (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe as oxides) and 32 trace elements (Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U) with a precision varying between 3 and 9%. The core contained unconsolidated sediment rich in coccolithic ooze and mud. Previous 210 Pb geochronology suggests an age of ∼1 ky of considered sediments. Major components distribution showed that, except for Cl and Ca, the contents of all other elements are similar to Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and North American Shale Composite (NASC). The distribution of the 32 trace elements showed similarities to the UCC, except for redox-sensitive metals Fe, Se, Mo, and U, of which the significantly higher content reflects the presence of euxinic conditions during deposition. A chondrite normalized plot of nine rare earth elements indicated a similarity to UCC and NASC, suggesting a continental origin of sedimentary material.

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Source–Receptor Relationships and Cluster Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO Concentrations in West Africa: The Case of Lamto in Côte d’Ivoire

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11090903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 903 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dro Touré Tiemoko ◽

Fidèle Yoroba ◽

Jean-Daniel Paris ◽

Adama Diawara ◽

Antoine Berchet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emission Sources ◽

Air Masses ◽

Clustering Technique ◽

North East ◽

Range Transport ◽

Continental Origin ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Combustion Processes ◽

Co Concentrations ◽

Source Receptor Relationships

The contribution in terms of long-range transport of CO2, CH4, and CO concentrations to measurements at Lamto (5°02′ W–6°13′ N) was analyzed for the 2014–2017 period using the FLEXPART model that calculates the retro-plumes of air masses arriving at the station. The identification of the source-receptor relationships was also studied with a clustering technique applied on those retro-plumes. This clustering technique enabled us to distinguish four categories of air mass transports arriving at Lamto site described as follows: oceanic and maritime origin (≈37% of the retro-plumes), continental origin (≈21%), and two hybrid clusters (≈42%). The results show that continental emission sources contribute significantly to the increases in concentrations of CO2, CH4, and CO and explain ≈40% of their variance. These emission sources are predominantly from north and north-east directions of the measurement point, and where densely populated and economically developed areas are located. In addition, the transport of air masses from these directions lead to the accumulation of CO2, CH4, and CO. Furthermore, the ratios ΔCO/ΔCH4 and ΔCO/ΔCO2 observed in the groups associated with Harmattan flows clearly show an influence of combustion processes on the continent. Thus, the grouping based on FLEXPART footprints shows an advantage compared to the use of simple trajectories for analyzing source–receptor relationships.

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New sedimentological and palynological data from surface Miocene strata in the central Amazonas Basin area

Brazilian Journal of Geology ◽

10.1590/2317-488920150030283 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 337-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emílio Alberto Amaral Soares ◽

Rodolfo Dino ◽

Dominicky Peres Soares ◽

Luzia Antonioli ◽

Marco Antônio Lima da Silva

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Middle Miocene ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Minor Components ◽

Point Bar ◽

Palynological Data ◽

Continental Origin ◽

Crevasse Splay ◽

Basin Area

ABSTRACT The scarcity of stratigraphic data has hindered the demarcation of the outcropping area of Miocene deposits of the Amazon Basin, represented informally by the Novo Remanso Formation. Moreover, this unit is characterized by a sparse and irregular geographic distribution due to its sedimentological features and rare fossil content. Miocene deposits cropping out in central Amazonas Basin area were described in sedimentological terms and analyzed palynologically. All analyses were undertaken in samples collected at the Uatumã River banks (Itapiranga and São Sebastião do Uatumã cities). Lithostratigraphic data shows that Novo Remanso Formation consists of sandstones, with subordinate conglomerates and pelites, characteristic of a meandering fluvial paleosystem, with fluvial channel, point bar, floodplain and crevasse splay facies. The palynoflora retrieved from five samples consists exclusively of continental-origin palynomorphs dominated by angiosperms species. Trilete spores are well represented, while gymnosperms pollen grains are minor components. The presence of Psilastephanoporites tesseroporus, Syncolporites poricostatus, Jandufouria seamrogiformis and Polypodiaceoisporites potoniei ensure these deposits fits into the Grimsdalea magnaclavata palynozone (Regali et al. 1974a, b), and the Grimsdalea magnaclavata/Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni palynozones of Jaramillo et al. (2011) considered Middle Miocene age. This age is confirmed by the zonation of Jaramillo et al. (2011), based on the LADs of Bombacacidites baumfalki (11.57Ma) and Crototricolpites annemariae (12.91Ma); and the FAD of Psilastephanoporites tesseroporus (14.00Ma). With these new data presented herein, it is possible to assume that the Miocene strata represented by the Novo Remanso Formation covers a larger area in the basin than previously considered, and that it may be extended for about 300 km until the Manacapuru village, indicating a Miocene subsidence phase.

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Beyond the “Continental Translation” of Newtonian Mechanics

The Oxford Handbook of Newton ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199930418.013.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

J.B. Shank

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Physics ◽

Analytical Mechanics ◽

Newtonian Mechanics ◽

Isaac Newton ◽

The Core ◽

Origin Story ◽

Continental Origin ◽

Modern Analytical

This chapter challenges the traditional origin story of rational, or “classical Newtonian,” mechanics, which holds that Isaac Newton created the core foundations of this science in his Principia Mathematica, and then delivered them to Continental European mathematicians, who translated and developed them in creating modern analytical mechanics. Instead, the article outlines the dispersed origins of calculus-based mathematical physics in Europe around 1700, locating its sources in Newton’s work, but also, and more importantly, in the work of many others as well. Overall, the chapter traces a Continental origin for what we now, perhaps erroneously, call “classical Newtonian mechanics” rooted in many developments, especially in France, that were contrary to Newton’s own thinking on this topic.

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