scholarly journals A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Remote Varenicline Sampling to Promote Treatment Engagement and Smoking Cessation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Carpenter ◽  
Kevin M Gray ◽  
Amy E Wahlquist ◽  
Karen Cropsey ◽  
Michael E Saladin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Treatment Engagement ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Quit Attempts

Abstract Introduction Medication sampling is a clinically useful tool to engage smokers in the quitting process. Whether varenicline is suitable for sampling purposes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, uptake, and preliminary outcomes of varenicline sampling. Methods Smokers (N=99), both motivated to quit and not, were recruited and randomized to varenicline sampling vs. not, with 12 week follow-up. The intervention consisted of mailing one-time samples of varenicline (lasting 2-4wks), with minimally suggestive guidance on use. Results Uptake of varenicline was strong, at 2 weeks (54% any use, 66% daily use) and 4 weeks (38%, 46%), with 58% of medication users seeking additional medication. Most users followed conventional titration patterns, self-titrating from 0.5mg to 2mg. Relative to control, varenicline sampling increased motivation (p=0.006) and confidence to quit (p=0.02), and decreased cigarette smoking (p=0.02). Smokers receiving varenicline samples were significantly more likely to achieve 50% reduction in CPD, both immediately following the sampling exercise (Adjusted Odds Ratio/AOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.39 – 12.17) and at final follow-up (AOR = 4.50; 95% CI: 1.56 – 13.01). Though cessation outcomes were not statistically significant, there was a 1.5 to 3-fold increase in quit attempts and abstinence from varenicline sampling throughout follow-up. These outcomes were comparable among smokers motivated to quit and not. Conclusions Unguided, user-driven sampling of varenicline sampling is a concrete behavioral exercise that is feasible to do and seems to suggest clinical utility. Sampling is a pragmatic clinical approach to engage more smokers in quitting. Implications Use of evidence-based pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation is low. Medication sampling is a pragmatic behavioral exercise that allows smokers to experience the benefits of using them, while promoting positive downstream effects towards quitting. While previous studies have shown that NRT sampling is viable and effective, whether this extends to varenicline is unclear. Results from this trial demonstrate that varenicline sampling is feasible, safe, and suggestive of clinically important steps toward quitting, deserving of a larger trial.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolien Adriaens ◽  
Eline Belmans ◽  
Dinska Van Gucht ◽  
Frank Baeyens
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Background This interventional-cohort study tried to answer if people who smoke and choose an e-cigarette in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders are achieving smoking abstinence and how they compare to clients who opt for commonly recommended (or no) aids (nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation medication). Methods Participants were recruited by tobacco counselors. They followed smoking cessation treatment (in group) for 2 months. At several times during treatment and 7 months after quit date, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires and to perform eCO measurements. Results One third of all participants (n = 244) achieved smoking abstinence 7 months after the quit date, with e-cigarette users having higher chances to be smoking abstinent at the final session compared to NRT users. Point prevalence abstinence rates across all follow-up measurements, however, as well as continuous and prolonged smoking abstinence, were similar in e-cigarette users and in clients having chosen a commonly recommended (or no) smoking cessation aid. No differences were obtained between smoking cessation aids with respect to product use and experiences. Conclusions People who smoke and choose e-cigarettes in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors show similar if not higher smoking cessation rates compared to those choosing other evidence-based (or no) smoking cessation aids.

Facebook Chat Application to Prompt and Assist Smoking Cessation Among Spanish-Speaking Young Adults in South Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110262
Author(s):  
Patricia Chalela ◽  
Alfred L. McAlister ◽  
David Akopian ◽  
Edgar Munoz ◽  
Cliff Despres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Given how smart phones, internet services, and social media have shown great potential for assisting smoking cessation, we constructed a Facebook chat application based on our previous work with SMS texting services. This report summarizes findings from 2,364 Spanish-speaking young adults recruited through Facebook advertising in South Texas during the 2020 New Year holiday season. Among these service users, 926 (39%) were ready to make a quit attempt, and 26 (3.1%) of those users reported that they were tobacco free 1 month later. There were no responses to a chat question survey 72 days after the dates selected for quitting. Although more research with longer follow up is needed, these findings show that social media chat applications may be helpful for at least prompting quit attempts and short-term cessation among young adult Spanish-speaking smokers. There is no evidence of an impact on long-term cessation, and more research is clearly needed.

Electronic cigarettes, quit attempts and smoking cessation: a 6-month follow-up

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1620-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pasquereau ◽  
Romain Guignard ◽  
Raphaël Andler ◽  
Viêt Nguyen-Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Attempts

Are Guidelines Important? Results of a Prospective Quality Improvement Lumbar Fusion Project

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Harrop ◽  
Alexandra Emes ◽  
Ameet Chitale ◽  
Chengyuan Wu ◽  
Fadi Al Saiegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lumbar Fusion ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Surgical Indications ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists ◽  
Based Medicine

Abstract BACKGROUND United States (U.S.) healthcare is a volume-based inefficient delivery system. Value requires the consideration of quality, which is lacking in most healthcare disciplines. OBJECTIVE To assess whether patients who met specific evidence-based medicine (EBM)-based criteria preoperatively for lumbar fusion would achieve higher rates of achieving the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) than those who did not meet the EBM indications. METHODS All elective lumbar fusion cases, March 2018 to August 2019, were prospectively evaluated and categorized based on EBM guidelines for surgical indications. The MCID was defined as a reduction of ≥5 points in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Multiple logistic regression identified multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of EBM concordance. RESULTS A total of 325 lumbar fusion patients were entered with 6-mo follow-up data available for 309 patients (95%). The median preoperative ODI score was 24.4 with median 6-mo improvement of 7.0 points (P < .0001). Based on ODI scores, 79.6% (246/309) improved, 3.8% (12/309) had no change, and 16% (51/309) worsened. A total of 191 patients had ODI improvement reaching the MCID. 93.2% (288/309) cases were EBM concordant, while 6.7% (21/309) were not. In multivariate analysis, EBM concordance (P = .0338), lower preoperative ODI (P < .001), lower ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) (P = .0056), and primary surgeries (P = .0004) were significantly associated with improved functional outcome. EBM concordance conferred a 3.04 (95% CI 1.10-8.40) times greater odds of achieving MCID in ODI at 6 mo (P = .0322), adjusting for other factors. CONCLUSION This analysis provides validation of EBM guideline criteria to establish optimal patient outcomes. The EBM concordant patients had a greater than 3 times improved outcome compared to those not meeting EBM fusion criteria.

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of an MRI-Based Classification System for Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: A 2-Year Follow-up Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711983978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem N. Ramkumar ◽  
Heather S. Haeberle ◽  
Sergio M. Navarro ◽  
Salvatore J. Frangiamore ◽  
Lutul D. Farrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Baseball Players

Background: A recently introduced classification system of medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears accounting for location and severity has demonstrated high interobserver and intraobserver reliability, but little is known about its clinical utility. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based classification system in predicting which athletes had success with nonoperative versus operative treatment after completing a standardized rehabilitation program. A secondary objective included return to play (RTP) and return to prior performance (RPP) analyses of baseball players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: After an a priori power analysis, 58 consecutive patients with UCL tears and a minimum of 2-year follow-up were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: those who successfully completed operative treatment and those who completed nonoperative treatment. The MRI-based classification stages accounting for UCL tear location and severity were compared between the nonoperative and operative groups. A subanalysis for baseball players, including RTP and RPP, was performed. Results: A total of 58 patients (40 baseball players [34 pitchers]) met inclusion criteria. Of these patients 35 (32 baseball players [27 pitchers]) underwent surgery, and 23 (8 baseball players [7 pitchers]) underwent nonoperative management. No patients in the nonoperative arm crossed over to surgery after completing the rehabilitation program. Patients with distal tears (odds ratio, 48.0; P = .0004) and complete tears (odds ratio, 5.4; P = .004) were more likely to undergo surgery. Baseball players, regardless of position, were confounding determinants of operative management, although there was no difference in RTP and RPP between treatment arms. Conclusion: A 6-stage MRI-based classification system addressing UCL tear location and severity may help early decision making, as patients likely to fail nonoperative treatment have complete, distal tears, whereas those with proximal, partial tears may be more amenable to nonoperative management.

scholarly journals Dropout, response, and abstinence outcomes of a national text-messaging smoking cessation intervention for teens, SmokeFreeTeen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine Chan ◽  
Kristyn Kamke ◽  
Freda Assuah ◽  
Sherine El-Toukhy
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Although text-messaging interventions are effective for smoking cessation, few target teens in the USA and little is known about their effectiveness. The purpose of this manuscript is to examine correlates of dropout, response to smoking status prompts, and abstinence rates among subscribers of SmokeFreeTeen, a free, publicly available text-messaging smoking cessation intervention sponsored by the National Cancer Institute’s SmokeFree.Gov initiative, on quit day through 1 month follow-up. In a sample of teens (N = 2,685), aged 13–19, we examined demographics, smoking frequency, cigarettes smoked per day, prequit intervention time (i.e., maximum of 14 days of prequit day preparation), and number of quit attempts as correlates of response and abstinence rates among program initiators (i.e., participants who reached quit day but dropped out on or before intervention end) and completers (i.e., participants who reached quit day and completed the intervention). We also conducted Cox regression analysis of time from quit day to dropout by daily and nondaily smoking status. Two-thirds (n = 1,733, 64.54%) dropped out before the intervention ended, with dropout rates peaking on quit day (n = 289, 13.10%). Response rate to smoking status prompts remained below 30% throughout the intervention. At intervention end and 1 month follow-up, abstinence was 2.63% and 2.55% among program initiators, whereas abstinence was 6.09% and 6.01% among program completers. Dropout, response, and abstinence rates did not consistently differ by subscriber characteristics. Prequit time was associated with decreased likelihood of dropping out (adjusted hazards ratio: 0.94, confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–0.95), responding to smoking status prompts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.94, CI: 0.92–0.96), and being abstinent (aOR: 0.96, CI: 0.93–0.99) on quit day. Two or more quit attempts were associated with increased response (aOR: 1.61, CI: 1.16–2.23) and abstinence (aOR: 1.91, CI: 1.25–2.92) rates on Day 7. In a first assessment of SmokeFreeTeen outcomes, we document high dropouts and low response and abstinence rates. SmokeFreeTeen produced abstinence rates lower than comparable text-messaging interventions targeting teens and young adults. Improving SmokeFreeTeen’s reach, engagement, and effectiveness is needed.

scholarly journals Between Inhale and Exhale

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Liang Dai ◽  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
English Language ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Quantitative Design

The current study provided a review of evidence-based yoga interventions’ impact on smoking cessation. The researchers reviewed articles obtained from MEDLINE (PubMed), EBSCOHOST, PROQUEST, MEDINDIA, CINAHL, Alt HealthWatch, and AMED databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: ( a) study published between 2004 and 2013, ( b) study published in English language, ( c) study used yoga-based interventions, ( d) study involved smokers with varying level of smoking, ( e) study used any quantitative design, and ( f) study had physiological and/or psychological outcomes. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Designs were 2 pre–post tests and 8 randomized controlled trials. Majority of the interventions were able to enhance quitting smoking rates in the participants under study. Yoga-based interventions hold promise for smoking cessation. Some of the limitations include short follow-up measurements and short duration of intervention.

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Home Intervention in Permanent Supportive Housing: A Multifaceted Intervention Pilot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Durazo ◽  
Marlena Hartman-Filson ◽  
Kenneth Perez ◽  
Natalie M Alizaga ◽  
Anne Berit Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Voluntary Adoption

Abstract Introduction Smoke-free homes (SFHs), the voluntary adoption of home smoking restrictions, are associated with reduced secondhand smoke exposure. However, SFHs are uncommon in permanent supportive housing (PSH) for formerly homeless adults, who have fivefold higher smoking rates than the general population. We pilot-tested a brief intervention to increase voluntary adoption of SFHs among PSH residents in the San Francisco Bay Area. Aims and Methods We pilot-tested a brief intervention to increase voluntary adoption of SFHs among PSH residents in the San Francisco Bay Area. Rest of the methods, PSH residents (n = 100) and staff (n = 62) from 15 PSH sites participated in the intervention between October 2017 and February 2018. Research staff provided counseling to PSH residents on how to adopt an SFH and trained PSH staff on how to counsel residents on smoking cessation. The primary outcome was self-reported voluntary adoption of an SFH for ≥90 days, and the secondary outcome was carbon monoxide-verified PPA at 6-month follow-up. PSH staff completed the Smoking Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Results At 6 months, 31.3% of PSH residents had adopted an SFH (vs. 13.0% at baseline) and 16.9% reported carbon monoxide-verified PPA. A positive attitude toward an SFH policy was associated with increased odds of SFH adoption (adjusted odds ratio = 8.68, 95% confidence interval: 2.42, 31.17). Voluntary SFH adoption was associated with increased PPA (adjusted odds ratio = 26.27, 95% confidence interval: 3.43, 201.30). PSH staff reported improved attitudes toward and self-efficacy in delivering cessation care, and decreased barriers to discussing smoking cessation among PSH residents between baseline and 3-month follow-up. Conclusions In this single-arm study, a brief intervention increased SFH adoption and PPA among PSH residents. Implications To date, few interventions have addressed SFHs and their association with tobacco use among PSH residents. A “ground-up” approach that relies on buy-in from residents and that promotes voluntary SFHs is an innovative way to increase smoke-free living environments in PSH. This approach could pave a pathway for smoke-free policy implementation in these sites. PSH can play a role in reducing the burden of tobacco use by empowering its residents to adopt voluntary SFHs, which could increase smoking cessation among residents.

Effects of Smoking Cessation Media and Community Campaigns in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fong-Ching Chang ◽  
Hai-Yen Sung ◽  
Shu-Hong Zhu ◽  
Tzung-Yee Feng ◽  
Shu-Ti Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Analyze Data

Purpose. To examine the effects of a smoking cessation campaign. Design. Data from the 2010–2011 Taiwan Adult Tobacco Surveys were analyzed. Setting. The study was set among a nationally representative sample of adults in Taiwan. Subjects. The surveys included 16,282 and 16,886 adults in 2010 and 2011, respectively, while our analyses focused on current smokers, 2518 and 2507 adults in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Intervention. In 2010 the Taiwanese government launched a national smoking cessation campaign through mass media in conjunction with community-based smoking cessation programs throughout the nation. Measures. Outcome variables include awareness of cessation services, quit attempts, intention to quit, and use of quitting method. Analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze data. Results. The implementation of the national smoking cessation campaign was associated with an increase in awareness of cessation services (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–1.53), in quit attempts (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.25), in use of unassisted quitting methods (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.13–1.72), and in intention to quit smoking (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.02–1.30). Conclusion. The implementation of the national smoking cessation campaign through media and community programs was effective in increasing smokers’ awareness of cessation services, quit attempts, and intention to quit.

Takore i te Kai Ava’ava (Quit smoking), a mCessation Program Adapted for the Cook Islands: Indicators of Potential for Tobacco Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
Teinatangi Ringi ◽  
Josephine Aumea Herman ◽  
Maina Tairi ◽  
Rosie Dobson ◽  
Vili Nosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

Mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions (mCessation) are an established evidence-based intervention designed to support smokers to quit. Evidence of impact to date is modestly positive but skewed in favor of high-resourced countries, with less evidence of value added to low-resourced settings. Takore i te Kai Ava’ava, a text message–based smoking cessation program, was delivered to smokers living on the island of Rarotonga in 2019. Eighty-eight smokers consented to take part. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire about current smoking behavior and previous quit attempts; follow-up measures at 2 months assess quit attempts feedback on the program. Thirty-two people completed the follow-up interviews; 10 (31%) had not smoked in the past 7 days, 23 (72%) reported a serious quit attempt, and 29 (91%) felt the program was effective for the Cook Islands. Takore i te Kai Ava’ava was deemed to be highly acceptable and potentially cost-effective.

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