Rabbi Yeheil Michel Epstein and his Arukh Hashulchan

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Moses Maimonides ◽  
Jewish Scholar ◽  
The 19Th Century

Yechiel Mikhel Epstein (also Yeheil Michel Epstein, b. 1829–d. 1908) was among the most distinguished Jewish Law authorities of the last half of the 19th century. Along with Moses Maimonides, he shared the accomplishment of preparing a full restatement of all of Jewish law, which he presented in two works, the Arukh HaShulchan and the Arukh haShulchan HeAtid. These two works established Rabbi Epstein as one of the leading Jewish law authorities of all Jewish history, both past and present. Although he wrote a few other works, such as Or Li-Yesharim, Mikhal HaMayim, and Leil Shimurim, as well as a recent work collecting his many letters titled Kitvei HaArukh HaShulchan, none of them have been seen as of any great significance. Rather, Epstein’s legacy resides in his complex, nuanced, and nearly complete commentary on the full breadth of Jewish law. Epstein was born on 24 January 1829 in Bobriusk, Russia. Epstein’s father was a successful businessman and competent Jewish scholar who provided his son with a thorough rabbinic education. By many accounts, Epstein demonstrated an aptitude for Talmudic studies at a young age and thus spent his formative years studying under the direction of Rabbi Elijah Goldberg, the Chief Rabbi of Bobriusk. He also studied briefly at the famous Volozhin Yeshivah from 1842 through 1843. While Epstein briefly pursued a career in business, he was quickly appointed as a rabbinical judge and assisted his teacher, Rabbi Goldberg, in his hometown of Bobriusk. Having subsequently decided to pursue service as a community leader, Epstein received his first appointment in 1865 when he was selected to become the rabbi of Novozybkov, a Russian town in which a few thousand Jews lived. The Jewish population there included Orthodox, secular, and Hasidic Jews, as well as Jews who resisted the Hasidic movement (called Mitnagdim). At the age of thirty-five, Rabbi Epstein married Roshka Berlin, the daughter of Rabbi Jacob Berlin and sister of the famous Rabbi Naftali Tzvi Yehudah Berlin, who would later become head of the Volozhin Yeshiva. The couple ultimately had five children. Notably, their daughter, Braynah Welbrinski, was twice widowed before settling into her parents’ home and managing the publication and distribution of the Arukh HaShulchan, which was edited and produced in the years following the death of Rabbi Epstein in 1908.

Latin American Jewish Literature

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Stavans
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
American Jewish ◽  
The 19Th Century

Jewish writing in Latin America is a centuries-old tradition dating back to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. During the colonial period, it manifested itself among crypto-Jews who hid their religious identity for fear of being persecuted by the Holy Office of the Inquisition. Assimilation mostly decimated this chapter, which is often seen as connected with Sephardic literature after the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. New waves of Jews arrived in the last third of the 19th century from two geographic locations: the Ottoman Empire (this wave is described as Levantine and its languages as Ladino, French, Spanish, and Arabic) and eastern Europe (or Ashkenazi with Yiddish, German, and central European tongues). Jewish life thrived in Latin America throughout the 20th century. The largest, most artistically productive communities were in Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico, and smaller ones existed in Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Guatemala, Panama, and Uruguay. Identity as a theme permeates everything written by Latin American Jewish writers. Central issues defining this literary tradition are immigration, anti-Semitism, World War II, Zionism, and the Middle Eastern conflict. The Jewish literary tradition in Latin America has undergone crossovers as a result of translations, global marketing, and the polyglot nature of several of its practitioners. This field of study is still in its infancy. Some important studies on Latin American Jewish history, either continental in scope or by country, appeared in the late 20th century and serve as context for the analysis. The literature has received less attention (some periods, such as the 19th century, are entirely forgotten), although, as this article attests, things are changing. The foundation for daring, in-depth literary explorations as well as interdisciplinary analysis is already in place. When possible this article showcases available monographs, although important research material remains scattered in periodicals and edited volumes.

scholarly journals A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF JEWISH SETLLEMENT IN GEORGIA (THE CAUCASUS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revaz Gachechiladze
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Local People ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The 19Th Century

The presence of the Jewish population in Georgia and its peaceful coexistence with the local people has more than two millennia history. More or less systemic sources about the spatial aspects of their presence in Georgia exist only from the second half of the 19th century. The paper discusses the historical geography of the Jewish population in the 19th-20th century with the emphasis on their settlement pattern in the 1920s using for that purpose a detailed Population Census carried out in 1926.

scholarly journals A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF JEWISH SETLLEMENT IN GEORGIA (THE CAUCASUS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revaz Gachechiladze
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Local People ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The 19Th Century

The presence of the Jewish population in Georgia and its peaceful coexistence with the local people has more than two millennia history. More or less systemic sources about the spatial aspects of their presence in Georgia exist only from the second half of the 19th century. The paper discusses the historical geography of the Jewish population in the 19th-20th century with the emphasis on their settlement pattern in the 1920s using for that purpose a detailed Population Census carried out in 1926.

Vilna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Zalkin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The Jewish community in Vilna began in the middle of the 16th century, when the Polish king, Zygmunt August, allowed the Jews to settle in the city and operate mainly in the commercial sphere. From this stage onward, the local Jewish community developed rapidly, the community synagogue was established and the Jews lived in the space allocated to them, and later became recognized as the Jewish quarter. From the middle of the 18th century Vilna became a community of unique importance in eastern European space, due to the development of a religious scholarly center, the most prominent of which was Rabbi Eliyahu Kremer, known as the Gaon of Vilna. Since the beginning of the 19th century, there has been a significant increase in the city’s Jewish population, which has spread to other neighborhoods in the city. At the same time, various circles among local Jews underwent a gradual process of cultural change, manifested in the absorption of the worldview of the Enlightenment. Several social circles operated in this spirit, among them poets, writers, and educators. The latter initiated the establishment of modern schools, and in the middle of the 19th century Vilna became the most important center of Jewish enlightenment in eastern Europe. In the second half of the century, Vilna became one of the main centers of the spread of nationalist and socialist ideologies, as well as one of the worldly most known center of Jewish books printing and publication. At the beginning of 1880, the first association of Hovevei Zion was organized in the city, and in 1897, the General Federation of Jewish Workers in Russia, Lithuania, and Poland, better known as the Bund, was also established in Vilna. During the First World War many of the Jews of Vilna left the city, and at the beginning of 1920 the city was annexed to Poland. In the period between the world wars, most of the local Jewish population suffered from considerable economic difficulties, and at the same time they experienced a significant cultural and educational flowering. The Institute for Jewish Research, known as YIVO, was established in Vilna in 1925. Likewise, during those years there was an impressive diversity in the local Jewish educational system, both for boys and girls, and especially for those with a Zionist orientation. Hundreds of Jewish students studied at the various faculties of the local university, despite manifestations of hostility and violence by militant groups of Polish students. With the outbreak of World War II, many refugees from Poland arrived in Vilna, and with the German invasion in the summer of 1941, all city Jews were concentrated in two ghettos. During the war, most of the Vilna’s Jews were murdered in Ponary, and other murder sites. After the war, a small Jewish community lives in the city.

Hans Grüneberg, 26 May 1907 - 23 October 1982

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 226-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Twin City ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

Hans Grüneberg was the only child of Dr med. Levi Grüneberg (1879-1942) and Else née Steinberg (1880-1945). The parents and son were all born in Elberfeld, Germany, which was later fused with its twin city Bremen and renamed Wuppertal. His father was a general practitioner from 1906 to 1935, when ill health due to Parkinsonism and the menacing Nazi political situation led to the parents’ migrating to Palestine as it then was. Hans had anticipated them by migrating to England in 1933. Hans’s more distant ancestors came from Westphalia in western Germany, where they can be traced back to the 18th century. At that time and until the middle of the 19th century they lived, as did the whole of the Jewish population, in small villages where they followed the rural occupations open to Jews before the universal emancipation in Germany in 1869. Hans’s paternal grand father was born and lived the whole of his life in the village of Hachen in Kreis Arnsberg; his maternal grand father lived in the nearby village of Reiste. Both families independently moved to Elberfeld in 1879. Their children received secondary education, and his father was the first member of the family to go to a university (Bonn).

scholarly journals Geographies of landscape: Representation, power and meaning

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn Carrabine
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Landscape Photography ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Green criminology has sought to blur the nature–culture binary and this article seeks to extend recent work by geographers writing on landscape to further our understanding of the shifting contours of the divide. The article begins by setting out these different approaches, before addressing how dynamics of surveillance and conquest are embedded in landscape photography. It then describes how the ways we visualize the Earth were reconfigured with the emergence of photography in the 19th century and how the world itself has been transformed into a target in our global media culture.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE JEWISH POPULATION IN THE CRIMEA IN THE 19TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (3) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
V.A. Pashneva ◽  
I.E. Parshicheva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Legal status of the Jewish population in Crimea in the 19th century has its own characteristics and specifics that differ from other regions of the Russian Empire. In the first half of the 19th century, the policy of the tsarist government regarding the transformation of the life of the Jews consisted in limiting the economic and religious influence on Christians, as well as introducing the ideas of enlightenment and education. In order to implement this policy, Alexander I in 1802-1823. was approved by the Senate Jewish Committee. The legal acts of Nicholas I (Decrees, Regulations) directly implemented the above policy. The reforms of Alexander II had a positive impact on the economic situation of the Jews of Crimea, Jews received electoral rights, the right to participate in local self-government bodies, etc. Reforms of the 60s-70s of the XIX century. had a huge impact on the socio-economic position of the Jews, led to the destruction of the patriarchal Jewish community, contributed to the real integration of a part of the Jewish population with Russian society and the formation of a class of Jewish intelligentsia. The era of counter-reforms of Alexander III worsened the rights of the Jews of Crimea: a ban on living in some cities, restriction of the right to vote in local self-government bodies. Dual policy regarding the Jewish population: the clear persecution of Ashkenazi Jews against the background of a relatively soft attitude towards the Krymchaks, and the complete removal of legal restrictions from the Karaites

scholarly journals Canadian Physicians’ Breach of Duty to Patients and Communities from the Acquisition of Indigenous Skulls in the 19th Century to the Abandonment of People with AIDS in the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Berger
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The World ◽  
William Osler ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the Vienna Protocol transcends the world of Jewish law and provides important ethical considerations for modern medicine. This article provides a series of examples demonstrating how Canadian medical history intersects with the Vienna Protocol, and why historical insight remains relevant. Investigations into this exploitation include this author's own inquiry and attempt to repatriate Canadian indigenous skulls (a gift from William Osler to Rudolf Virchow), the glaring maltreatment of Aboriginal children in Canadian nutrition experiments, and the maltreatment of Canadian AIDS patients in the 1980s. Rudolf Virchow photo provided by and licensed from Alamy Inc., Brooklyn, NY

scholarly journals The Image of the Jewish Family in German-Jewish Historical Novels of the 19th Century: Between the “Hammer” of Acculturation and Assimilation and the “Anvil” of Tradition (translation by L. Privalskaya)

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-214
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dreyer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
German Language ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Family ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Opening Up

The Russian Jewish journal Voskhod (1881–1906) contains, among other originally German-language and foreign-language contributions, five German Jewish historical fictions by the German Jewish Enlightenment writers Berthold Auerbach, Ludwig Philippson and Max Ring, in Russian translation. These works, set in different periods of Jewish history, represent the struggle of a younger Jewish generation both against traditional Jewish observance and gentile intolerance towards Jews. The characters fight for more tolerance within Judaism and for an opening up of Judaism to secular education as much as they fight for participation in a majority gentile society. The primary place of these conflicts and of the success or failure of the Haskalah project are the characters’ families; in the works discussed, the family survives as an institution for the passing on of Judaism to the younger generation if it proves to be tolerant and reconciling enough. Analysis of the chosen literary texts reveals implied authorial perspectives which seek to modernize Judaism to enable it to co-exist with – and survive and even thrive in – an ever-increasingly secularized society. Even more so, the characters’ desire to take an active part in their diaspora society is a result of an impulse inhering in Judaism, to work towards creating a messianic age, in a secularized version which is to be universally governed by reason. The discussion suggests that such implicitly expressed positions in Jewish German historical novels, in a German Haskalah context, may have been of interest to the journal Voskhod as they may have corresponded to the intention of the journal’s editors to encourage their readers on the path towards reforming but at the same time also preserving Judaism in Russia.

scholarly journals From Tarekat to Arab Community: the Islamization Process in Indramayu

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Roni Tabroni ◽  
Mumuh Muhsin Z ◽  
Reiza D Dienaputra ◽  
R.M, Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Social Movement Theory ◽  
First Order ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

This research talks about the process of Islamization in Indramayu. The Islamization in Indramayu raises three main questions. The first question is, where was the arrival of Islam in Indramayu. Second, when is the appearance of Islam. Third, who has a role in the Islamization process. This research uses the historical method, which consists of four stages: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This method was then collaborated with Islamic social movement theory to analyze the ideology of leadership and movement mobility of the propagator group of Islam in Indramayu. The results showed that the arrival of Islam in Indramayu came from the port of Cimanuk. Then spread to various areas, including in the countryside. Second, Islam has been dating in Indramayu since the 15th century. Third, some communities play a role in Islamization in Indramayu. The communities were very influential until the 19th century. They consisted of the Arab community and the adherents of the tarekat, especially from Cirebon. The first order to develop was Syattariyah. Meanwhile, the Arabic community leader from Cirebon was Sayyid Abdur Rahman bin Muhammad Basy-Syaiban. He is a figure who originated from the Hadramaut in the early seventeenth century.Penelitian ini berbicara tentang proses islamisasi di Indramayu. Proses islamisasi di Indramayu memunculkan tiga pertanyaan utama. Pertanyan pertama adalah dari mama dan di mana kedatangan islam. Kedua, kapan waktu kedatangan Islam. Ketiga, siapa yang berperan dalam proses islamisasi. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahap: heuristic, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedatangan Islam di Indramayu berasal dari pelabuhan Cimanuk. Kemudian menyebar ke berbagai daerah, termasuk di pedesaan. Kedua, Islam telah dating di Indramayu sejak abad ke 15. Ketiga, terdapat komunitas yang berperan dalam Islamisasi di Indramayu. Komunitas tersebut sangat berpengaruh sampai abad ke 19. Mereka terdiri atas komunitas Arab dan para penganut tarekat, terutama dari Cirebon. Tarekat pertama yang berkembang adalah Syattariyah. Sementara itu, tokoh komunitas arab yang berasal dari Cirebon adalah Sayyid Abdur Rahman bin Muhammad Basy-Syaiban. Ia merupakan tokoh yang berasal dari Hadramaut pada awal abad ketujuh belas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document