scholarly journals Maternal Bacteremia Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus With a Focus on Infective Endocarditis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan K Morelli ◽  
Michael P Veve ◽  
Mahmoud A Shorman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pregnant patient. Injection drug use in pregnant populations has led to increased cases of bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) due to Staphylococcus aureus. We describe all cases of S. aureus bacteremia and IE among admitted pregnant patients at our hospital over a 6-year period. Methods This was a retrospective review of pregnant patients hospitalized with S. aureus bacteremia between April 2013 and November 2019. Maternal in-hospital mortality and fetal in-hospital mortality were the primary outcomes measured; the secondary outcome was the rate of 6-month maternal readmission. Results Twenty-seven patients were included; 15 (56%) had IE. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 29 (25–33) years; 22 (82%) patients had methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Infection onset occurred at a median (IQR) of 29 (23–34) weeks’ gestation. Twenty-three (85%) mothers reported active injection drug use, and 21 (78%) were hepatitis C seropositive. Fifteen (56%) mothers required intensive care unit (ICU) care. Twenty-two (81%) patients delivered 23 babies; of the remaining 5 mothers, 3 (11%) were lost to follow-up and 2 (7%) terminated pregnancy. Sixteen (73%) babies required neonatal ICU care, and 4/25 (16%) infants/fetuses died during hospitalization. One (4%) mother died during hospitalization, and 7/26 (27%) mothers were readmitted to the hospital within 6 months for infectious complications. Conclusions Injection drug use is a modifiable risk factor for S. aureus bacteremia in pregnancy. Fetal outcomes were poor, and mothers were frequently readmitted secondary to infection. Future targeted interventions are needed to curtail injection drug use in this population.

scholarly journals 1020. Injection Drug Use-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in a Large Urban Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S304-S304
Author(s):  
David P Serota ◽  
Colleen Kelley ◽  
Jesse T Jacob ◽  
Susan M Ray ◽  
Marcos C Schechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Background Infectious complications of injection drug use (IDU) have increased with the expanding opioid epidemic in the southeast. We assessed the incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes of IDU-associated Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia (SAB). Methods We created a retrospective cohort of all adults with community acquired (CA) SAB over 5 years presenting to Grady Memorial Hospital, a 1,000-bed urban county hospital in Atlanta, GA. Charts were reviewed by infectious diseases physicians to obtain clinical and laboratory characteristics, including substance use disorder (SUD), and determine if SAB was IDU-associated. The study period was divided into three periods (P1 = March 2012–January 2014, P2 = January 2014–December 2015, P3 = December 2015–November 2017) to evaluate changes in the incidence of IDU-SAB over time using Poisson regression. Results Among 321 patients with a first episode of CA-SAB, 24 (7%) were IDU-SAB. The number of IDU-SAB cases in each period increased (P1 = 4, P2 = 7, and P3 = 13 [P = 0.07 for trend]). The median age of IDU-SAB patients was 38 (IQR 31–57), 11 (46%) were black, and 15 (63%) had chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Heroin was the most common injected drug (92%) followed by cocaine (25%); multiple drugs were injected in 29%. All but two patients (92%) had a complication of SAB, most commonly endocarditis (50%) and septic pulmonary emboli (38%). The median hospitalization was 23 days (IQR 19.5–37.5) and 5 patients (12%) left the hospital against medical advice (AMA). Readmission for persistent or recurrent SA infection during the study period was common (42%), and three (13%) died ≤6 months from initial presentation, including two with prior discharge AMA. Half of the discharge summaries did not mention SUD as a hospital problem. Outpatient SUD treatment was recommended to eight (33%) patients and a recommendation of abstinence was the intervention for 12 (50%). Conclusion Increasing IDU-SAB was observed over 5 years in our urban Atlanta hospital, primarily due to heroin use. Most cases were associated with complications of SAB with a long length of stay and frequent readmission, but few patients received treatment or harm reduction interventions for their SUD. These data will raise awareness and direct resources to expanding evidence-based opioid use disorder treatment for patients with infectious complications of IDU. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Injection drug use infective endocarditis: clinical features and therapeutic challanges

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Scheggi ◽  
N Ceschia ◽  
F Vanni ◽  
I Merilli ◽  
E Sottili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Prognostic Impact

Abstract Introduction Injection drug use (IDU) is a known risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE) and is associated with frequent recurrences, but its prognostic impact is still debated. Moreover, the potential futility of surgery in this population is an unsolved matter. Purpose We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, the therapeutic strategy, and the prognostic impact of injection drug use IE (IDUIE). Method We retrospectively included in the analysis 454 consecutive episodes of definite active IE admitted in a single surgical centre from January 2012 to December 2020; 14 out of them where a subsequent infective episode of the same patient. Results IDUIE cases were 63 (13.8%), without significant proportional differences over time. IDUIE patients were significantly younger (43.95±10.12 vs 67.84±13.33, p 0.00) and presented fewer comorbidities (p<0.001). They were admitted with a first episode of IE only in 60.3% of cases vs 92.8% of non-IDU (p<0.001). Embolism was present at admission in a higher percentage (60.3 vs 38.4%, p<0.001). IDUIE was more frequently associated with spondylodiscitis (15.9 vs 7.4%, p=0.026). The infection was less frequently left-sided than in non-IDU patients (57.1 vs 97.2%, p<0.001) and was more often polimicrobic (12.7 vs 4.9%, p=0.015). Most patients were positive for Staphylococcus aureus (54.0 vs 12.8%, p<0.001), while Streptococci were significantly less frequent in patients with IDUIE (11 vs 25%, p=0.015). The proportion of patients undergoing surgery was similar among the two groups (85.5 vs 78.8%, NS). IDUIE patients treated medically for absence of surgical indication had a better survival than patients undergoing surgery for complicated IE (p<0.001). IDUIE was associated with a higher proportion of relapse during follow-up (28.3 vs 3.3%, p<0.001). It was not associated with higher mortality (Figure 1) but was an independent predictor of mortality in multivariable analysis including age (HR per unit 1.048, 95% CI 1.038–1.063, p=0.00) and drug abuse (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8–5.6, p=0.00; Figure 2). Among IDUIE patients, we did not find predictors of futility of surgery, not even multiple relapses. Conclusions IDUIE represents a considerable proportion of overall cases of IE, mainly affecting young people. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microbiologic agent. IDUIE is not associated with higher mortality but drug abuse is an independent predictor of mortality. Considering that patient with uncomplicated IE treated medically have a better prognosis, we should reserve surgery to patients with a strict indication for it. On the other hand, since there are no predictors of futility of surgery, all patients with a complicated IE should undergo surgery without delay. The main determinant of prognosis in these patients is not IE but drug abuse itself. For this reason, increased focus on addiction treatment following hospital discharge is mandatory to improve long term prognosis. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Patients with infective endocarditis and history of injection drug use in a Swedish referral hospital during 10 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Damlin ◽  
Katarina Westling
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Patients with injection drug use (IDU) have increased risk of developing infective endocarditis (IE). Previous studies have reported recurrent IE, increased duration of hospital stay, poor adherence and compliance as well as higher mortality and worse outcomes after surgery in the IDU-IE patient group. Further studies are needed to provide a basis for optimized care and prevention of readmissions in this population. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with IDU-IE. Methods Data of adults with IDU-IE and non-IDU-IE, treated between 2008 and 2017 at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm were obtained from the Swedish National Registry of Infective Endocarditis. Clinical characteristics, microbiological results, treatment durations, results from echocardiography and in-hospital mortality were compared between the groups. Results Of the total 522 patients, 165 (32%) had IDU-IE. Patients with IDU-IE were younger than the patients with non-IDU-IE (mean age IDU-IE: 41.6 years, SD 11.9 years; non-IDU-IE: 64.3 years, SD 16.4 years; P <  0.01). No difference in distribution of gender was observed, 33% were females in both the IDU-IE and the non-IDU-IE group. History of previous IE (IDU-IE: n = 49, 30%; non-IDU-IE: n = 34, 10%; P <  0.01) and vascular phenomena (IDU-IE: n = 101, 61%; non-IDU-IE: n = 120, 34%; P <  0.01) were more common among patients with IDU-IE while prosthetic heart valves (IDU-IE: n = 12, 7%; non-IDU-IE: n = 83, 23%; P <  0.01) and known valvular disease (IDU-IE: n = 3, 2%; non-IDU-IE: n = 78, 22%; P <  0.01) were more common among patients with non-IDU-IE. Aetiology of Staphylococcus aureus (IDU-IE: n = 123, 75%; non-IDU-IE: n = 118, 33%; P <  0.01) as well as tricuspid (IDU-IE: n = 91, 55%; non-IDU-IE: n = 23, 6%; P <  0.01) or pulmonary valve vegetations (IDU-IE: n = 7, 4%; non-IDU-IE: n = 2, 1%; P <  0.01) were more common in the IDU-IE group. The overall incidence of IDU-IE decreased during the study period, while the incidence of definite IE increased (P <  0.01). Conclusions This study presents that patients with IDU-IE were younger, less frequently treated with surgery and had higher prevalence of vascular phenomena and history of previous IE, aspects that are important for improved management of this population.

Infective endocarditis secondary to injection drug use: A survey of Canadian cardiac surgeons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. An ◽  
Jessica G.Y. Luc ◽  
Derrick Y. Tam ◽  
Olina Dagher ◽  
Rachel Eikelboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons

scholarly journals Injection Drug Use–Associated Infective Endocarditis

JAMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 320 (18) ◽  
pp. 1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Phillip Serota ◽  
J. Deanna Wilson ◽  
Jessica S. Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug

The Need for Multidisciplinary Hospital Teams for Injection Drug Use-Related Infective Endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Weimer ◽  
Caroline G. Falker ◽  
Nikhil Seval ◽  
Marjorie Golden ◽  
Sarah C. Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hospital Teams

scholarly journals Drug Use and Postoperative Mortality Following Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1120-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Hall ◽  
Michael Shaughnessy ◽  
Griffin Boll ◽  
Kenneth Warner ◽  
Helen W Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis (IE) often requires surgical intervention. An increasingly common cause of IE is injection drug use (IDU-IE). There is conflicting evidence on whether postoperative mortality differs between people with IDU-IE and people with IE from etiologies other than injection drug use (non–IDU-IE). In this manuscript, we compare short-term postoperative mortality in IDU-IE vs non–IDU-IE through systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Publication databases were queried for key terms included in articles up to September 2017. Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, or retrospective cohorts that reported on 30-day mortality or in-hospital/operative mortality following valve surgery and that compared outcomes between IDU-IE and non–IDU-IE were included.ResultsThirteen studies with 1593 patients (n = 341 [21.4%] IDU-IE) were included in the meta-analysis. IDU-IE patients more frequently had tricuspid valve infection, Staphylococcus infection, and heart failure before surgery. Meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in 30-day postsurgical mortality or in-hospital mortality between the 2 groups.ConclusionsDespite differing preoperative clinical characteristics, early postoperative mortality does not differ between IDU-IE and non–IDU-IE patients who undergo valve surgery. Future research on long-term outcomes following valve replacement is needed to identify opportunities for improved healthcare delivery with IDU-IE.

scholarly journals Use of ICD-10 Codes for Identification of Injection Drug Use–Associated Infective Endocarditis Is Nonspecific and Obscures Critical Findings on Impact of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R Marks ◽  
Nathanial S Nolan ◽  
Linda Jiang ◽  
Dharushana Muthulingam ◽  
Stephen Y Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Diagnosis Code ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Background No International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), diagnosis code exists for injection drug use–associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE). Instead, public health researchers regularly use combinations of nonspecific ICD-10 codes to identify IDU-IE; however, the accuracy of these codes has not been evaluated. Methods We compared commonly used ICD-10 diagnosis codes for IDU-IE with a prospectively collected patient cohort diagnosed with IDU-IE at Barnes-Jewish Hospital to determine the accuracy of ICD-10 diagnosis codes used in IDU-IE research. Results ICD-10 diagnosis codes historically used to identify IDU-IE were inaccurate, missing 36.0% and misclassifying 56.4% of patients prospectively identified in this cohort. Use of these nonspecific ICD-10 diagnosis codes resulted in substantial biases against the benefit of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with relation to both AMA discharge and all-cause mortality. Specifically, when data from all patients with ICD-10 code combinations suggestive of IDU-IE were used, MOUD was associated with an increased risk of AMA discharge (relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.48–2.64). In contrast, when only patients confirmed by chart review as having IDU-IE were analyzed, MOUD was protective (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.19–1.22). Use of MOUD was associated with a protective effect in time to all-cause mortality in Kaplan-Meier analysis only when confirmed IDU-IE cases were analyzed (P = .007). Conclusions Studies using nonspecific ICD-10 diagnosis codes for IDU-IE should be interpreted with caution. In the setting of an ongoing overdose crisis and a syndemic of infectious complications, a specific ICD-10 diagnosis code for IDU-IE is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Brucella Endocarditis in Persons Who Inject Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Cafardi ◽  
Douglas Haas ◽  
Thomas Lamarre ◽  
Judith Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Brucella Infection

Abstract We report 2 cases of infective endocarditis in injection drug users due to Brucella infection. Although cardiac involvement is a frequent sequela of brucellosis and endocarditis is often seen with injection drug use, Brucella endocarditis in persons who inject drugs without zoonotic exposure has not been reported to date.

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