scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Vaccination in Patients with HIV: A Survey of Clinicians’ Current Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hastie ◽  
Darcy Wooten
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Virus Screening ◽  
Current Practices

Abstract This survey study evaluates how clinicians approach HBV vaccination and monitoring in patients living with HIV. Providers have clinical practices that vary greatly from one another and from current guidelines especially for patients who do not seroconvert after initial HBV vaccination and for patients with isolated hepatitis B core antibody.

scholarly journals 27. Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Vaccination in Patients with HIV: A Survey of Physicians’ Current Clinical Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S37-S38
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hastie ◽  
Darcy Wooten
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV co-infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but data and guidelines vary in terms of the best vaccination, re-vaccination, and monitoring practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current HBV monitoring and vaccination practices of physicians who care for patients living with HIV. Methods A Web-based survey was distributed to the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Infectious Diseases division via the UCSD ID listserv, Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) members via the IDea Exchange listserv, and to ID and HIV social network members via Twitter and Facebook. The survey consisted of demographic questions followed by two sets of case-based questions. The case questions focused on type, timing, and dosage of HBV vaccination administration among people living with HIV, HBV monitoring post-vaccination, and clinical approach to patients with isolated hepatitis B core antibody. Results A total of 67 clinicians from 24 states completed the survey (Table 1). Most (55%) provide care for more than 20 patients living with HIV per month. The majority of participants (82%) would not defer HBV vaccination until HIV virologic suppression. Almost half of participants (43%) indicated they would use Heplisav-B over older HBV vaccine formulations (Energix-B or Recombivax-HB) for initial vaccination of susceptible patients. The majority (88%) would repeat a vaccination series if the patient does not seroconvert; 23% would repeat with a standard dose series of Energix-B or Recombivax-HB, 24% with a double dose series of Energix-B or Recombivax-HB, and 45% would repeat with Heplisav-B. Approach to management of a patient living with HIV with isolated hepatitis B core antibody was varied. The majority would check a HBV DNA level (42%), while 25% would initiate a vaccination series and 24% would not pursue further intervention (Table 2). Table 1: Clinician Demographics Table 2: HBV Vaccination Practices of Physicians Caring for People Living with HIV Conclusion This study provides insight into current HBV vaccination and monitoring practices of physicians who care for patients with HIV. The results revealed varied practice preferences and opportunities for improvement through standardization. Additional research is needed to elucidate the impact these various practices have on patient outcomes and healthcare expenditure. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals The compliance of our practice of hepatitis B virus screening with the current guidelines in patients undergoing chemotherapy for hematological malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1095-1098
Author(s):  
Funda PEPEDİL TANRİKULU ◽  
Didar YANARDAĞ AÇIK ◽  
Bilal AYGUN ◽  
Mehmet BANKİR ◽  
Mikail ÖZDEMİR
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Virus Screening

scholarly journals Strategies to Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus at the Transcript Level

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Bingqian Qu ◽  
Richard J. P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Viral Gene Transcription ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

Approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), despite four decades of effective HBV vaccination. During chronic infection, HBV forms two distinct templates responsible for viral transcription: (1) episomal covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA and (2) host genome-integrated viral templates. Multiple ubiquitous and liver-specific transcription factors are recruited onto these templates and modulate viral gene transcription. This review details the latest developments in antivirals that inhibit HBV gene transcription or destabilize viral transcripts. Notably, nuclear receptor agonists exhibit potent inhibition of viral gene transcription from cccDNA. Small molecule inhibitors repress HBV X protein-mediated transcription from cccDNA, while small interfering RNAs and single-stranded oligonucleotides result in transcript degradation from both cccDNA and integrated templates. These antivirals mediate their effects by reducing viral transcripts abundance, some leading to a loss of surface antigen expression, and they can potentially be added to the arsenal of drugs with demonstrable anti-HBV activity. Thus, these candidates deserve special attention for future repurposing or further development as anti-HBV therapeutics.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: a cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun A. Adeyemi ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Trevor A. Crowell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were selected for a cross-sectional study and retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284–541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164–363) cells/mm3, p = 0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3–4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9–5.4) log10copies/mL, p < 0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Recent condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

scholarly journals Paternal hepatitis B virus infection with different clinical courses between siblings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Sasaki ◽  
Hiroki Kajino
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

No countermeasures have been established against horizontal infection in non-vaccinated children. We reported about siblings with different clinical courses of HBV paternal infection. To eradicate HBV, we should encourage HBV vaccination of all children and HBV infection screening of fathers and other family members.

Improvements in hepatitis B virus screening before rituximab therapy: A community‐based, safety‐net hospital experience

Cancer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Junus ◽  
Maria Aguilar ◽  
Priya Patel ◽  
David Irwin ◽  
Stephen Yee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hospital Experience ◽  
Safety Net Hospital ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Screening

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infections among health professional students in Mwanza city,Tanzania in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Emmanuel Mkumbo ◽  
Hadija Selega ◽  
Betrand Msemwa ◽  
Martha F. Mushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Health Professional Students

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the vaccination against Hepatitis B virus in all infants and children up to the age of 18 years. In addition, adults in high-risk groups should also be vaccinated. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections among health professional students in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania in order to provide data that can assist in devising prevention and control strategies in this special group. Methods A cross-sectional study involving health professional students of the Catholic University of health and Allied Sciences was conducted between April and July 2016. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected using rapid antigen test while the anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies(anti-HBs) were quantified using Enzygnost Anti-HBs II assay and anti-HBV core antibodies tested using enzyme immunoassay. Results A total of 1211 health professional students with median age of 22 interquartile range (IQR):21–24 years were enrolled. The slighlty majority (57.5%) of these students were males and 475(39.2%) were in clinical practices. Out of 1211 students, 37 (3.1%) were Hepatitis B surface antigen positive. Of 1174 students tested for anti-HBs, 258 (22%) had titres > 10 IU/L indicating HBV immunity. The median anti-HBs titres was 47.7 IU/L(IQR:16–3-113). A total of 230(89.2%) students among those who were positive for anti-HBs were also positive for HBV core antibodies indicating HBV natural infections. Male sex (adjusted odd ratio(AOR):1.77, p < 0.000), being married (AOR:1.82, p = 0.002) and being in clinical practices (AOR:1.39, p = 0.028) independenlty predicted anti-HBs positivity. Conclusion A significant proportion of health professional students was naturally immune to Hepatitis B virus. There is a need to measure anti-HBs in order to reduce the cost of unnecessary vaccination especially in the countries with high endemicity of HBV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus coinfection and lymphoma risk in people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Besson ◽  
Nicolas Noel ◽  
Remi Lancar ◽  
Sophie Prevot ◽  
Michele Algarte-Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Lymphoma Risk
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