scholarly journals 383. Feasibility of Specimen Self-collection in Young Children Undergoing SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance for In-person Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S293-S293
Author(s):  
Jonathan Altamirano ◽  
Grace Tam ◽  
Marcela Lopez ◽  
India Robinson ◽  
Leanne Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Time Window ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background While pediatric cases of COVID-19 are at low risk for adverse events, schoolchildren should be considered for surveillance as they can become infected at school and serve as sources of household or community transmission. Our team assessed the feasibility of young children self-collecting SARS-CoV-2 samples for surveillance testing in an educational setting. Methods Students at a K-8 school were tested weekly for SARS-CoV-2 from September 2020 - June 2021. Error rates were collected from September 2020 - January 2021. Clinical staff provided all students with instructions for anterior nares specimen self-collection and then observed them to ensure proper technique. Instructions included holding the sterile swab while making sure not to touch the tip, inserting the swab into their nostril until they start to feel resistance, and rubbing the swab in four circles before repeating the process in their other nostril. An independent observer timed random sample self-collections from April - June 2021. Results 2,590 samples were collected from 209 students during the study period when data on error rates were collected. Errors occurred in 3.3% of all student encounters (n=87). Error rates over time are shown in Figure 1, with the highest rate occurring on the first day of testing (n=20/197, 10.2%) and the lowest in January 2021 (n=1/202, 0.5%). 2,574 visits for sample self-collection occurred during the study period when independent timing data was collected (April - June 2021). Of those visits, 7.5% (n=193) were timed. The average duration of each visit was 70 seconds. Figure 1. Swab Error Rates Over Time Conclusion Pediatric self-collected lower nasal swabs are a viable and easily tolerated specimen collection method for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in school settings, as evidenced by the low error rate and short time window of sample self-collection during testing. School administrators should expect errors to drop quickly after implementing testing. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals The postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mowed shen ◽  
Yiling Zhou ◽  
Luo Chen ◽  
Jifan Zhou ◽  
HUI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Over Time

Our conscious perception of the world is not an instantaneous, moment-by-moment construction. Rather, our perception of an event is influenced, over time, by information gained following the event: this is known as a postdictive effect. A recent study reported that this postdictive effect could occur even in choice. The present study sought to test whether the striking postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice, by directly and systematically manipulating attention in two experiments. Specifically, Experiment 1 revealed that the robust postdictive effect of choice was almost completely eliminated when attentional bias was removed. More importantly, Experiment 2 demonstrated that the postdictive effect of choice could be modulated by directly manipulating participants’ attention with a spatial cue, in particular, when the cue appeared at short time delays. These results suggest that choice could be considerably postdictively influenced by attention and this effect was most pronounced within a short time window wherein decision-making was most likely in progress. The current study not only enables clarification of the mechanism of the newly discovered postdictive effect of choice, but also extends evidence of the modulation of attention on decision-making.

scholarly journals 231 A SHORT TIME WINDOW TO PROFIT FROM IL-4 PLUS IL-10 ADDITION TO PROTECT CARTILAGE FROM BLOOD-INDUCED DAMAGE IN VITRO

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S113
Author(s):  
M.E. van Meegeren ◽  
N.W. Jansen ◽  
G. Roosendaal ◽  
S.C. Mastbergen ◽  
F.P. Lafeber
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time

Dual origin of the floor plate in the avian embryo

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (20) ◽  
pp. 4785-4796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Charrier ◽  
Françoise Lapointe ◽  
Nicole M. Le Douarin ◽  
Marie-Aimée Teillet
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Neural Ectoderm ◽  
Dual Origin ◽  
Short Time

Molecular analysis carried out on quail-chick chimeras, in which quail Hensen’s node was substituted for its chick counterpart at the five- to six-somite stage (ss), showed that the floor plate of the avian neural tube is composed of distinct areas: (1) a median one (medial floor plate or MFP) derived from Hensen’s node and characterised by the same gene expression pattern as the node cells (i.e. expression of HNF3β and Shh to the exclusion of genes early expressed in the neural ectoderm such as CSox1); and (2) lateral regions that are differentiated from the neuralised ectoderm (CSox1 positive) and form the lateral floor plate (LFP). LFP cells are induced by the MFP to express HNF3β transiently, Shh continuously and other floor-plate characteristic genes such as Netrin. In contrast to MFP cells, LFP cells also express neural markers such as Nkx2.2 and Sim1. This pattern of avian floor-plate development presents some similarities to floor-plate formation in zebrafish embryos. We also demonstrate that, although MFP and LFP have different embryonic origins in normal development, one can experimentally obtain a complete floor plate in the neural epithelium by the inductive action of either a notochord or a MFP. The competence of the neuroepithelium to respond to notochord or MFP signals is restricted to a short time window, as only the posterior-most region of the neural plate of embryos younger than 15 ss is able to differentiate a complete floor plate comprising MFP and LFP. Moreover, MFP differentiation requires between 4 and 5 days of exposure to the inducing tissues. Under the same conditions LFP and SHH-producing cells only induce LFP-type cells. These results show that the capacity to induce a complete floor plate is restricted to node-derived tissues and probably involves a still unknown factor that is not SHH, the latter being able to induce only LFP characteristics in neuralised epithelium.

scholarly journals A New Method for Automated Clearcut Disturbance Detection in Mediterranean Coppice Forests Using Landsat Time Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giannetti ◽  
Raffaello Pegna ◽  
Saverio Francini ◽  
Ronald E. McRoberts ◽  
Davide Travaglini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Forest Disturbances ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Automated Procedures ◽  
Disturbance Detection

A Landsat time series has been recognized as a viable source of information for monitoring and assessing forest disturbances and for continuous reporting on forest dynamics. This study focused on developing automated procedures for detecting disturbances in Mediterranean coppice forests which are characterized by rapid regrowth after a cut. Specifically, new methods specific to Mediterranean coppice forests are needed for mapping clearcut disturbances over time and for estimating related indicators in the context of Sustainable Forest Management and Biodiversity International monitoring frameworks. The aim of this work was to develop a new change detection algorithm for mapping clearcut disturbances in Mediterranean coppice forests with Landsat time series (LTS) using a short time window. Accuracy for the new algorithm, characterized as the Two Thresholds Method (TTM), was evaluated using an independent clearcut reference dataset over a temporal period of the 13 years between 2001 and 2013. TTM was also evaluated against two benchmark approaches: (i) LandTrendr, and (ii) the forest loss category of the Global Forest Change Map. Overall Accuracy for LandTrendr and TTM were greater than 0.94. Meanwhile, smaller accuracies were always obtained for the GFC. In particular, Producer’s Accuracy ranged between 0.45 and 0.84 for TTM and between 0.49 and 0.83 for LT, while for the GFC, PA ranged between 0 and 0.38. User’s Accuracy ranged between 0.86 and 0.96 for TTM and between 0.73 and 0.91 for LT, while for the GFC UA ranged between 0.19 and 1.00. Moreover, to illustrate the utility of TTM for mapping clearcut disturbances in Mediterranean coppice forests, we applied TTM to a Landsat scene that covered almost the entirety of the Tuscany region in Italy.

Parameters of Spike Trains Observed in a Short Time Window

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Pawlas ◽  
Lev B. Klebanov ◽  
Martin Prokop ◽  
Petr Lansky
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Target Neuron ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time

We study the estimation of statistical moments of interspike intervals based on observation of spike counts in many independent short time windows. This scenario corresponds to the situation in which a target neuron occurs. It receives information from many neurons and has to respond within a short time interval. The precision of the estimation procedures is examined. As the model for neuronal activity, two examples of stationary point processes are considered: renewal process and doubly stochastic Poisson process. Both moment and maximum likelihood estimators are investigated. Not only the mean but also the coefficient of variation is estimated. In accordance with our expectations, numerical studies confirm that the estimation of mean interspike interval is more reliable than the estimation of coefficient of variation. The error of estimation increases with increasing mean interspike interval, which is equivalent to decreasing the size of window (less events are observed in a window) and with decreasing the number of neurons (lower number of windows).

scholarly journals Market volatility modeling for short time window

2011 ◽  
Vol 390 (20) ◽  
pp. 3444-3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S.G. de Mattos Neto ◽  
David A. Silva ◽  
Tiago A.E. Ferreira ◽  
George D.C. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Volatility Modeling ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time

scholarly journals Interaction between Workers during a Short Time Window Is Required for Bacterial Symbiont Transmission in Acromyrmex Leaf-Cutting Ants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Marsh ◽  
Michael Poulsen ◽  
Adrián Pinto-Tomás ◽  
Cameron R. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Short Time

scholarly journals A three-minute test of implicit language processing for large sample sizes: Proof-of-concept application in a public science event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Brekelmans ◽  
Claudia Bruns ◽  
Vanessa Meitanis ◽  
Michael Coleman ◽  
Vitor Zimmerer
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Public Science ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Short Time

Research into human language processing is challenged by its implicit nature of processes, the short time-window in which they take place, and heterogeneity within the population. We used a word monitoring task to measure implicit sensitivity to grammar, semantics, and the strength of word collocations, when listening to natural spoken sentences. We report substantial and novel adjustments to the paradigm, which allowed a participant to be tested in about three minutes, and data from a proof-of-concept study for which we recruited 125 visitors of different backgrounds to a science event. Linear mixed-effects models suggest that participants’ response time to target words was 45ms slower when words were less predictable in their grammatical, semantic, or collocational context (p = .034). There was no significant difference between language conditions. However, in non-native speakers, grammatical manipulation was less effective than manipulations of semantics and word collocations (p < .08), which is consistent with theories of shallow language processing in non-native speakers. There was no significant effect of age on language sensitivity. Effects generally replicated findings based on standard word-monitoring methods, suggesting that the novel adjustments can be applied in situations where participants’ time is limited, e.g. at events, in schools or online.

scholarly journals Sexual selection gradients change over time in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen NA Hoffer ◽  
Janine Mariën ◽  
Jacintha Ellers ◽  
Joris M Koene
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodite ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Over Time

Sexual selection is generally predicted to act more strongly on males than on females. The Darwin-Bateman paradigm predicts that this should also hold for hermaphrodites. However, measuring this strength of selection is less straightforward when both sexual functions are performed throughout the organism’s lifetime. Besides, quantifications of sexual selection are usually done during a short time window, while many animals store sperm and are long-lived. To explore whether the chosen time frame affects estimated measures of sexual selection, we recorded mating success and reproductive success over time, using a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Our results show that male sexual selection gradients are consistently positive. However, an individual’s female mating success seems to negatively affect its own male reproductive success, an effect that only becomes visible several weeks into the experiment, highlighting that the time frame is crucial for the quantification and interpretation of sexual selection measures, an insight that applies to any iteroparous mating system.

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