Antimicrobial resistance patterns of colonizing Streptococcus pneumoniae among young child-mother pairs in the rural highlands of the Peruvian Andes

Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have become one of the greatest challenges to global public health today and inappropriate use of antibiotics and high level of antibiotic use is probably the main factor driving the emergence of resistance worldwide. The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected of pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 at Addis Ababa city and Amhara National Region State Referral Hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed from isolates of S. pneumoniae that were collected from pediatric and adult patients. Samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, eye discharge, ear discharge, and pleural and peritoneal fluids) from all collection sites were initially cultured on 5% sheep blood agar plates and incubated overnight at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified and confirmed by typical colony morphology, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility, and bile solubility test. Drug resistance testing was performed using the E-test method according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results Of the 57 isolates, 17.5% were fully resistant to penicillin. The corresponding value for both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 1.8%. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 59.6%, 17.5%, 38.6%, 17.5 and 24.6%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33.3% isolates. The most common pattern was co-resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Conclusions Most S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Penicillin has been used as a drug of choice for treating S. pneumoniae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance was observed to several commonly used antibiotics including penicillin. Hence, it is important to periodically monitor the antimicrobial resistance patterns to select empirical treatments for better management of pneumococcal infection.

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Need for Annual Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: 2-Year Longitudinal Analysis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.4.1037-1042.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 1037-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Daniel F. Sahm ◽

James A. Karlowsky ◽

Laurie J. Kelly ◽

Ian A. Critchley ◽

Mark E. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

The United States ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Resistance To Penicillin

ABSTRACT Although changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae have prompted several surveillance initiatives in recent years, the frequency with which these studies are needed has not been addressed. To approach this issue, the extent to which resistance patterns change over a 1-year period was examined. In this study we analyzed S. pneumoniaeantimicrobial susceptibility results produced in our laboratory with isolates obtained over 2 consecutive years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) from the same 96 institutions distributed throughout the United States. Comparison of results revealed increases in resistant percentages for all antimicrobial agents studied except vancomycin. For four of the agents tested (penicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin), the increases were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Resistance to the fluoroquinolone remained low in both years (0.1 and 0.6%, respectively); in contrast, resistance to macrolides was consistently greater than 20%, and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased from 13.3 to 27.3%. Multidrug resistance, concurrent resistance to three or more antimicrobials of different chemical classes, also increased significantly between years, from 5.9 to 11%. The most prevalent phenotype was resistance to penicillin, azithromycin (representative macrolide), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance were uncommon; however, two phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance not found in 1997–1998 were encountered in 1998–1999. This longitudinal surveillance study of resistance inS. pneumoniae revealed that significant changes do occur in just a single year and supports the need for surveillance at least on an annual basis, if not continuously.

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Antimicrobial resistance profile and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected for pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97782/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

BEKELE SHAREW ◽

Feleke Moges ◽

Gizachew Yismaw ◽

Wondiwossen Abebe ◽

Surafal Fentaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Pneumococcal Infection ◽

Test Method ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Resistance Patterns

Abstract Backgrounds: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and pneumoniae in elderly people and children. Antimicrobial resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been detected in all parts of the world and become one of the greatest challenges to global public health today. The aim of this study is therefore, to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected for pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 at Addis Ababa and Amhara region referral hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed on 57 isolates of S. pneumoniae that were collected from pediatric and adult patients. Samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, eye discharge, ear discharge, pleural and peritoneal fluids) from all collection sites were initially cultured onto 5 % sheep blood agar plates and incubated overnight at 370C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. S. pneumoniae was identified and confirmed by typical colony morphology, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility and bile solubility test. Drug resistance testing was performed using E-test method according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results: Of the 57 isolates, 17.5% were fully resistant to penicillin. Corresponding value for both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 1.8%. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 59.6%, 17.5%, 38.6%, 17.5% and 24.6%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33.3% isolates. The most common pattern was co-resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline.Conclusions: Most bacterial isolates were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime. Penicillin has been used as a drug of choice for treating S. pneumoniae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance was observed to a number of commonly used antibiotics including penicillin. Hence, it is important to periodically monitor the antibiotic resistance patterns to choose empirical treatments for better management of pneumococcal infection.

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Genetic relatedness within and between serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the United Kingdom: analysis of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.34.4.853-859.1996 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 853-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

L M Hall ◽

R A Whiley ◽

B Duke ◽

R C George ◽

A Efstratiou

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽

Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in China younger than 5 years

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.02.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 256-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Yudong Liu ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Minjun Chen ◽

Ziyong Sun ◽

Renzhen Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Serotype Distribution ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Serotype and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Taiwanese children: comparison of nasopharyngeal and clinical isolates

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.06.006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 421-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tsai-Ling Lauderdale ◽

Marilyn M. Wagener ◽

Hui Min Lin ◽

I. Fei Huang ◽

Wei Yang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nasopharyngeal and invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Hong Kong children

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.038 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (25-26) ◽

pp. 3334-3339 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Pak Leung Ho ◽

Kwok Fai Lam ◽

Frankie K.H Chow ◽

Yu Lung Lau ◽

Samson S.Y Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Serotype Distribution ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Nasopharyngeal swabs of school children, useful in rapid assessment of community antimicrobial resistance patterns in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 44-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.K. Lalitha ◽

Thambu David ◽

Kurien Thomas

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

School Children ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

Microbiologia Medica ◽

10.4081/mm.2017.6489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Makhtar Camara ◽

Assane Dieng ◽

Abdoulaye Diop ◽

Amadou Diop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Rates

Background and aims. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics. Materials and methods. A total of 58 strains (16 S. pneumoniae, 19 H. influenzae and 23 M. catarrhalis) were isolated from samples collected in two paediatric centres, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics tested by E-test. Results. Among H. influenzae isolates, 10.5% were resistant to ampicillin (all β-lactamase-positive), and 88.9% were susceptible to cefaclor. High β-lactam resistance rates (penicillin: 31.3% and cephalosporins: 18.7 to 31.3%) had been observed among S. pneumonia strains. Only 50% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycine. 91.3% of M. catarrhalis isolates β-lactamases producers were resistant to ampicillin while susceptible to the most tested antibiotics. Conclusions. Except M. catarrhalis β-lactamases producing strains, frequency of antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among S. pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent among H. influenzae clinical isolates, suggesting the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of RTIs.

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